scholarly journals CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF DETERMINATION OF HLA-DRB1 LOCUS GENES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
V. Guseva ◽  
S. Lapin ◽  
V. Myachikova ◽  
A. Maslyanski ◽  
A. Chuchlovin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Drb1 Locus

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a most common autoimmune inflammatory arthritis in adults. Serological marker of RA are rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP). The main genetic factor that determine predisposition to RA is HLA-DRB1 alleles. The HLA-DRB1 locus alleles may encode a common 5-amino acid sequence called ‘shared epitope’ (SE). The aim of our study is to assess the clinical significance and occurrence of SE and HLA-DRB1 genes and to analyze the prognostic significance of these factors for RA patients. We collected a serum and DNA samples from 72 patients with RA. For genotyping of HLA-DRB1 locus “DNA-Technology” kits (Moscow, Russia) were used. HLA-DRB1 SE sequences were genotyped by real-time PCR with specific primers. Determination of ACCP in serum was performed by ELISA (Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany), RF detection, by turbidimetric method. Clinical status of the disease was assessed using the RA DAS-28 Activity Index. We have obtained the following results: determination of HLA-DRB1 gene frequency in the North-West region of Russia showed that the HLA-DRB1*04 gene variant occurred at 11.4%, HLA-DRB1*01, 14.2%. HLA-DRB1*10 and HLA- DRB1*14 occured, respectively, in 0,8% and 2% of the cases. The DRB1*04 and DRB1*01 allelic variants were found in 73.6% of patients with RA, and in 43.9% of the control group. Among patients with RA, the SE gene frequency was 66.6%. SE is associated with ACCP detection and higher DAS28 index. Conclusions: The allelic variations of HLA-DRB encoding SE are associated with ACCP-positive RA in the population of the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Identification of HLA-DRB1 allelic gene variants and SE sequences in this locus serve as an additional test to specify serological diagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

An Empirical Study of Human Trafficking Law in Cameroon: Victims Rarely Seek Justice and Traffickers Are Not Held Liable

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-441
Author(s):  
Monique Aziza
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
Adults And Children

This article argues that the number of unprosecuted human traffickers is growing in Cameroon. This article aims to examine Cameroonian government officials, prosecutors and judiciary attitudes to human trafficking laws, which endanger Cameroonians. This article is an empirical study of victims of human trafficking. It takes an objective look at Cameroon's anti-trafficking law that criminalises the trafficking of adults and children. It is evident that societal discrimination towards the North West region, lack of opportunities for free education or to a trade post-primary school and the lack of enforcement of the anti-trafficking law are making combating human trafficking an arduous task.

scholarly journals Credit Constraint and Rural Household Welfare in the Mezam Division of the North-West Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5964
Author(s):  
Louis Atamja ◽  
Sungjoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Credit Constraint ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the rural household’s head and household characteristics on credit accessibility. This study also seeks to investigate how credit constraint affects rural household welfare in the Mezam division of the North-West region of Cameroon. Using data from a household survey questionnaire, we found that 36.88% of the households were credit-constrained, while 63.13% were unconstrained. A probit regression model was used to examine the determinants of households’ credit access, while an endogenous switching regression model was used to analyze the impact of credit constraint on household welfare. The results from the probit regression model indicate the importance of the farmer’s or trader’s organization membership, occupation, and savings to the household’s likelihood of being credit-constrained. On the other hand, a prediction from the endogenous switching regression model confirms that households with access to credit have a better standard of welfare than a constrained household. From the results, it is necessary for the government to subsidize microfinance institutions, so that they can take on the risk of offering credit to rural households.

PARTY POLITICS AND INTRA-ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN THE NKAMBE CENTRAL SUBDIVISION OF CAMEROON IN THE 2013 LEGISLATIVE ELECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Ransom Tanyu Ngenge
Keyword(s):  
Party Politics ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Legislative Election

Political deception is inherently ‘conflictual’ not only in the Western Democracies but also and even more so in Africa. Conflicts of political nature have often resulted from national and local elections in Africa and Cameroon. Prominently, such conflicts sometimes take an ethnic twist with far-reaching consequences. From this background, this article investigates into the forms and nature of intra-ethnic conflicts in the Nkambe Central Subdivision of Cameroon during the 2013 legislative election. With a combination of interviews and personal observations, including a good number of secondary/tertiary source-material, the article which is analyzed in thematic synthesis reveals that during the 2013 legislative election in the Nkambe Central Subdivision of the North West region of Cameroon, conflicts of clan-based, family and age-set nature emanated with far-reaching consequences on ethnic relations and development.

scholarly journals Exploring negation in Awing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
NYOMY Cyrine Cyrine
Keyword(s):  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Negative Polarity Items ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
Universal Category ◽  
Negative Marker

Negation is a universal category and languages differ in many respects in the way they express the latter (see Klima 1964). In this regards, some languages express sentential negation (a subcategorization of negation) with one marker (Dutch, German, English, etc.) while others like French uses two markers. Alongside markers used to express sentential negation, other items, among which Negative Polarity Items, mark negation and tight a particular element within its domain. In this paper, I aim at providing a picture of the expression of negation in Awing (a Bantu Grassfield langue of the Ngemba Group spoken in the North West region of Cameroon). Accordingly, sentential negation is expressed with two discontinuous markers kě…pô. One fact important to the presence of this negative marker is the movement of postverbal elements to a preverbal position turning the SVO structure in non-negative clause to an SOV pattern in negative clauses. In addition, the study describes other negative elements and negation subcategories. In last, the study of negative concord reveals that Awing belongs to the group of Strict Negative Concord (SNC) languages in which n-words must co-occur with negative marker to yield negation.

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