scholarly journals Clinical and immunological characteristics of bacterial pneumonia associated with HIV infection coupled to drug addiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
L. V. Puzyreva ◽  
A. V. Mordyk ◽  
M. A. Paneva
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
The Body ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Tract Infections

Bacterial pneumonia holds the second place after respiratory tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection. In recent years, sexual transmission of HIV was replaced by injection drug route. It seems of high relevance to advance medical aid to patients with HIV infection and bacterial pneumonia depending on psychoactive substance use.Aim of study — assessment of clinical and immunological manifestations of bacterial pneumonia coupled to HIV infection with respect to verified injection drug use.Materials and methods. Clinical and immunological data collected from 224 patients with HIV infection and pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed: group 1 group — 70 patients with HIV infection, IDU, verified bacterial pneumonia; group 2 — 16 injecting drug users (IDU) with HIV infection and pneumonia of unverified etiology; group 3 — 65 patients with HIV and bacterial pneumonia of verified etiology without injection drug use, group 4 — 73 patients with HIV infection and bacterial pneumonia of unverified etiology, without injection drug use. The data obtained were analyzed by using software Statistica 13.3. Methods of descriptive statistics with calculation of nonparametric criterion — the Kruskall—Wallis test (H-criterion) and χ2 test — were used.Results. Immunological manifestations of HIV infection and bacterial pneumonia were characterized by decreased count of CD4+ cells paralleled with increased count of CD3+ and CD8+ cells at higher magnitude without injection drug use being also featured with peak viral load upon developing pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia coupled to HIV infection showed clinical manifestations similar both in injecting drug users and non-users, proceeding in 10% cases during normothermia. Injection drug user patients often demonstrated clinical picture of pneumonia resembling those found in sepsis such as pain in the body, muscles, bone aches untypical to HIV-sexually infected subjects. In addition, systolic murmur on a heart top was more often auscultated in this patient group.Conclusion. Subjects self-considered healthy being at risk of sexually transmitted infections should examined for HIV. All subjects manifested with symptoms of the lower airway tract infections in admission department should not be rejected to be hospitalized and undergo chest X-ray examination.

scholarly journals When and how do individuals transition from regular drug use to injection drug use in Uganda? Findings from a rapid assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matayo Baluku ◽  
Twaibu Wamala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background In Uganda, injection drug use is a growing but less studied problem. Preventing the transition to injection drug use may help prevent blood-borne viral transmission, but little is known about when and how people transition to injection drug use. A greater understanding of this transition process may aid in the country’s efforts to prevent the continued growth of injection drug use, HIV, and hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Using a rapid situation assessment framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews among 125 PWID (102 males and 23 females)—recruited through outreach and snow-ball sampling. Participants were interviewed about their experiences on when and how they transitioned into injection drug use and these issues were also discussed in 12 focus groups held with the participants. Results All the study participants started their drug use career with non-injecting forms including chewing, smoking, and sniffing before transitioning to injecting. Transitioning was generally described as a peer-driven and socially learnt behavior. The participants’ social networks and accessibility to injectable drugs on the market and among close friends influenced the time lag between first regular drug use and first injecting—which took an average of 4.5 years. By the age of 24, at least 81.6% (95.7% for females and 78.4% for males) had transitioned into injecting. Over 84.8% shared injecting equipment during their first injection, 47.2% started injecting because a close friend was already injecting, 26.4% desired to achieve a greater “high” (26.4%) which could reflect drug-tolerance, and 12% out of curiosity. Conclusions Over 81% non-injecting drug users in Kampala and Mbale districts transitioned into injecting by the age of 24; a process that reproduces a population of PWID but also puts them at increased risk of HIV and HCV infection. As Uganda makes efforts to introduce and/or strengthen harm reduction services, interventions targeting non-injecting drug users before they transition into injecting should be considered as a key component for HIV/HCV epidemic control efforts, and their evaluation considered in future researches.

HIV Infection in Young Men in Northern Thailand, 1991–1998: Increasing Role of Injection Drug Use

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenrad E. Nelson ◽  
Sakol Eiumtrakul ◽  
David D. Celentano ◽  
Chris Beyrer ◽  
Noya Galai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Northern Thailand

scholarly journals Brucella Endocarditis in Persons Who Inject Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Cafardi ◽  
Douglas Haas ◽  
Thomas Lamarre ◽  
Judith Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Brucella Infection

Abstract We report 2 cases of infective endocarditis in injection drug users due to Brucella infection. Although cardiac involvement is a frequent sequela of brucellosis and endocarditis is often seen with injection drug use, Brucella endocarditis in persons who inject drugs without zoonotic exposure has not been reported to date.

Socio-Demographic Correlates of Injection Drug Use Among Male Drug Users: A Cross Sectional Study in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Raj Neupane ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Samaj Adhikari ◽  
Amod Kumar Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Trends of HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in Brazil in the 1990s: The Impact of Changes in Patterns of Drug Use

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Fabio Mesquita ◽  
Alex Kral ◽  
Arthur Reingold ◽  
Regina Bueno ◽  
Daniela Trigueiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Why the Treatment of Mental Disorders Is an Important Component of HIV Prevention among People Who Inject Drugs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Buckingham ◽  
Ezra Schrage ◽  
Francine Cournos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive

People who inject drugs are more likely to be HIV positive and to have a mental disorder than the general population. We explore how the detection and treatment of mental illness among people who are injecting drugs are essential to primary and secondary prevention of HIV infection in this population. Aside from opioid addiction, few studies have been conducted on the links between mental disorders and injection-drug use. However, independent of the injection-drug use literature, a growing number of studies demonstrate that untreated mental illness, especially depression and alcohol/substance use disorders, is associated with HIV-related risk behaviors, acquiring HIV infection, failure to access HIV care and treatment, failure to adhere to HIV care and treatment, and increased morbidity and mortality from HIV-related diseases and comorbidities. In our review of both the published literature and gray literature we found a dearth of information on models for providing care for both opioid addiction and other mental illnesses regardless of HIV status, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore make recommendations on how to address the mental health needs of HIV-positive people who inject drugs, which include the provision of opioid substitution therapy and integrated mental health, substance abuse, and HIV services.

Comparative characteristics of neurotic disorders connected with HIV infection in injecting drug users and non-injecting drug users

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
V. Novikov ◽  
D. Khritinin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Forms

The clinical forms and manifestations of neurotic disorders observed in HIV-infected individuals, their syndrome structure is considered in this article. It is found that drug use contributes to the early comorbidity of neurotic disorders due to personality, exogenous and organic impairments caused by HIV infection.

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