scholarly journals EFEITO DE DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS E SEUS COMPONENTES NA CULTURA DO MILHO

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Costenaro Parizi ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Ana Carla Dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Fatima Cibele Soares ◽  
Cleiton José Ramão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Medium Mass ◽  
Culture Cycle ◽  
And Control ◽  
Santa Maria

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS E SEUS COMPONENTES NA CULTURA DO MILHO  Ana Rita Costenaro Parizi1; Adroaldo Dias Robaina2; Ana Carla dos Santos Gomes1; Fátima Cibele Soares1; Cleiton José Ramão3; Marcia Xavier Peiter2; Leonardo Calegaro41Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 3Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, RS 4Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, URI Santiago, Santiago, RS   1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de quatro estratégias de irrigação sobre a produção de grãos e componentes da cultura do milho na região de Santiago, RS. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, tendo cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições que constituíram de diferentes estratégias de irrigação 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), e uma testemunha 0% da ETo. No final do ciclo da cultura realizaram-se as determinações dos componentes de produção de grãos e da matéria seca total. O número de espigas.planta-1 apresentou média de 1,0, o número de grãos.espiga-1 375,04 e a massa média do grão 0,30 g. A massa seca dos grãos.planta-1, massa seca das folhas.planta-1, massa seca do sabugo.planta-1 e massa seca total apresentaram valores máximos para o tratamento de 100% da Eto. A maior produção de grãos verificada e maior eficiência de uso da água foram obtidas no tratamento de 100% da Eto, sendo que a menor produção ocorreu no tratamento de 0% da Eto. O uso da irrigação suplementar na cultura do milho aumentou a produtividade de grãos para as condições, características do período e fatores considerados. UNITERMOS: Zea mays L., manejo de irrigação, produção de grãos  PARIZI, A. R. C.; ROBAINA, A. D.; GOMES, A. C. dos S.; SOARES, F.C.; RAMÃO, C. J.; PEITER, M. X.; CALEGARO, L. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION STRATEGIES ON GRAIN PRODUCTION AND THEIR COMPONENTS IN CORN CULTURE   2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of four irrigation application strategies on grain production and their components in corn culture in Santiago, RS. The experimental design was entirely randomized with five replications and four treatments that consisted of different strategies of irrigation 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and control 0% of ETo. At the end of culture cycle grain production components and total dry matter were determined. The number of corn ear.plant-1 presented average of 1.0; the number of grains.corn ear-1 was 375.04 and the medium mass of grain 0.30g. The dry mass of grains.plant-1, dry mass of leaves.plant-1, dry mass corn cobs.plant-1 and its total dry mass presented maximum values for treatment 100% of Eto. The largest production of grains verified and larger efficiency of water use was obtained in treatment 100% of Eto, and the smallest production occurs in treatment of 0% of Eto. The use of supplemental irrigation in corn culture increased the productivity of grains for conditions, period characteristics and considered factors.  KEYWORDS: Zea mays L., irrigation management, grain production

scholarly journals TENSÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO PARA O REINÍCIO DA IRRIGAÇÃO DE MILHO VERDE NO SEMIÁRIDO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
IGNACIO ASPIAZÚ ◽  
FERNANDO GOMES DA SILVA ◽  
RENATO MENDES OLIVEIRA ◽  
KAREN MARCELLE DE JESUS SILVA ◽  
SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Water Tension

  RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar em campo a tensão de água do solo adequada para o reinício da irrigação do milho verde no semiárido. O experimento constou de seis valores de tensão matricial da água do solo (20 kPa, 40 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa e 120 kPa) testadas em uma cultivar de milho, o hibrido duplo AG 1051. O experimento foi instalado no período de inverno de 2013, nos meses de agosto a novembro, num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados (DBC), com quatro repetições, conduzidos na fazenda experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo em Nova Porteirinha, MG. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: produtividade de espigas sem palha (t ha-1), número de espigas totais e comerciais por hectare, comprimento de espigas com palha e sem palha e diâmetro de espigas comerciais. Dentre os resultados pode-se constatar que os maiores valores para as variáveis de morfologia e de produtividade foram obtidos quando a irrigação foi efetuada com tensão próxima de 50 kPa, tornando-a a tensão mais adequada para o uso racional da água no manejo da irrigação do milho verde.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., déficit hídrico, manejo da irrigação, resistência elétrica. SOIL WATER TENSION FOR REWATERING GREEN CORN IN THE SEMIARID  ABSTRACT _ The objective of this work was to determine the adequate water tension for rewatering green corn at field conditions in the semiarid. The experiment consisted of six values of matric soil water tension (20 kPa, 40 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa and 120 kPa) and one maize cultivar, the double hybrid AG1051. The experiment was installed in the 2013 winter season, from August to November, in a randomized blocks design (DBC), with four replicates, and conducted at the experimental farm belonging to Embrapa Maize and Sorghum in Nova Porteirinha, MG. Morphological parameters were evaluated such as plant height, leaf area index and dry mass, and also the yield parameters such as weight of spikes with straw and without straw (t ha-1), number of total and commercial spikes per hectare, diameter of commercial spikes and length of commercial spikes with and without straw. The highest values for the morphology and productivity variables were obtained when irrigation was carried out with a tension close to 50 kPa, which proved to be the most suitable tension for the rational use of water in the irrigation management of green corn.Keywords: Zea mays L., water deficit, irrigation management, electrical resistance.

scholarly journals Thermal and Soil Moisture Amplitude of Intercropped Crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
João Danilo Barbieri ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de Freitas ◽  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
Cornélio Alberto Zolin ◽  
Diego Fernando Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
Soil And Water

Conservation systems of production are promoting yields and profitability, intercropping systems aim at sustainable maximization of soil and water use, and have become an alternative for regions characterized by relatively short rainy periods and high temperatures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the intercropping system between maize (Zea mays L.) and C. juncea (Crotalaria juncea L.) on soil temperature and humidity for the municipality of Tangará da Serra in Brazil. The treatments consisted of the single crop of maize and crotalaria, as well as their intercrop cultivation, the soil temperature was evaluated at depths of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 m and soil moisture at depths of 0.20 and 0.40 m. The components of grain production and yield of maize were also evaluated, for crotalaria, height, diameter and dry mass of the plants were evaluated. The highest soil temperature occurred at 14 h with an average of 21°C for all three treatments. The intercropping of maize with crotalaria gave the soil a lower amplitude of the soil temperature and kept the soil moisture high with values of 0.3 m3 m-3 in the depth of 0.20 m. The development stage presented the lowest mean thermal amplitude and higher humidity for the intercrop system. The yield of maize in an intercrop was reduced by 42.7% compared to a single crop.

Fertilisation and irrigation effects on maize (Zea mays L.) grain production

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pakurar ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
S. Jagendorf ◽  
I. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Irrigation Effects

RESPOSTAS MORFOAGRONÔMICAS DE MILHO SUBMETIDO A DESFOLHA ARTIFICIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
EMERSON TROGELLO ◽  
LUAN FERREIRA BORGES ◽  
FÁBIO ARAÚJO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
QUÉZIA SANCHES MUTAGUTI ◽  
INGRID GOMIDES BARROS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Removal ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels

RESUMO - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características morfoagronômicas do híbrido simples de milho em função da aplicação de diferentes intensidades de desfolha artificial, realizadas no estádio R1 de desenvolvimento. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano,em Morrinhos-GO, na safra 2015/2016. Foi aplicado o delineamento de blocos completamente casualizados, com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo eles: remoção de uma folha acima e uma abaixo da espiga; remoção de duas folhas acima e abaixo da espiga; remoção de três folhas acima e abaixo da espiga; remoção de todas as folhas da planta; remoção de todas as folhas acima da espiga; remoção de todas as folhas abaixo da espiga; remoção da folha da espiga; e testemunha sem desfolha. Os caracteres avaliados foram: estande de plantas, número de plantas acamadas, prolificidade, densidade de colmo, comprimento e diâmetro de espiga, comprimento de grão, massa de mil grãos, massa de grãos espiga-1 e produtividade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade, observando que todas as variáveis avaliadas foram influenciadas quanto aos efeitos dos tratamentos empregados. O enchimento dos grãos esteve intimamente relacionado à fotossíntese. Sem as folhas, esta fase ficou plenamente comprometida.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, fotoassimilados, translocação, índice de área foliar, rendimento. MORPHOAGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MAIZE AS A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION  ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate of morphoagronomic characteristics of simple hybrids of maize, depending on the application of different intensities of artificial defoliation, carried out in R1, when the style-stigma were fertilized. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area of the Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos, State of Goiás, Brazil, during the agricultural year 2015/2016. We applied the design of completely randomized block with eight treatments, in four replications: removal of a leaf above and one below the ear; removal of two leaves above and below the ear; removal of three leaves above and below the ear; removal of all leaves of the plant; removal of all leaves above the ear; removal of all leaves below the ear; removal of the leaf of the ear; and control without defoliation. The traits evaluated were stand of plants, number of plant lodging, prolificacy, density, length and diameter of the cob, length of a grain, weight of a thousand grains, grain mass cob-1 and productivity. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance by F test at 5% probability, noting that all variables were influenced as to the effects of the treatments used. The filling of grains is closely related to photosynthesis. Without the leaves, this phase was fully damaged.Keywords: Zea mays L., photoassimilates, translocation, leaf area index, yield.

ARRANJO POPULACIONAL PARA A VARIEDADE UENF-14 DE MILHO PIPOCA

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
CÁSSIO VITORAZZI ◽  
ANTONIO TEIXEIRA AMARAL JÚNIOR ◽  
LILIAM SILVIA CANDIDO ◽  
ISMAEL LOURENÇO DE JESUS FREITAS ◽  
THIAGO RODRIGUES DA CONCEIÇÃO SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Janeiro State

 RESUMO - A adequação do arranjo populacional está entre as técnicas que podem maximizar a produtividade da cultura do milho. Daí a importância das pesquisas que buscam estudar o desempenho de cultivares de milho e milhos especiais, a fim de determinar o arranjo de plantas ideal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da variedade UENF-14, de milho pipoca, cultivada em diferentes arranjos populacionais, na safra e safrinha, para otimizar a recomendação fitotécnica para os produtores rurais do Norte Fluminense. Foram instalados dois experimentos em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. Um na safrinha 2011 utilizando a variedade UENF-14 e o híbrido experimental P2 x P9, e o outro na safra 2011-2012, com a variedade UENF-14 e o híbrido comercial IAC-112. O delineamento experimental, nos dois experimentos, foi o de blocos casualizados arranjados em parcelas subsubdivididas, em que as parcelas foram compostas pelos genótipos, as subparcelas constituídas pelos espaçamentos entre linhas de semeadura (0,45, 0,60 e 0,90 m) e as subsubparcelas compostas pelas densidades de plantas (60.000, 75.000 e 90.000 plantas ha-1). A UENF-14 apresentou desempenho superior aos híbridos, demonstrando seu potencial para cultivo na região Norte Fluminense. Houve aumento do rendimento de grãos com a diminuição do espaçamento entre linhas de plantio. Para a variedade UENF-14, a redução do espaçamento entre linhas de plantio foi vantajosa para a produção de grãos, independentemente da época de semeadura.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., densidade de semeadura, espaçamento entre linhas, épocas de semeadura.  POPULATION ARRANGEMENT FOR THE VARIETY OF POPCORN UENF-14 ABSTRACT - The adequacy of the maize population arrangement is among the most important techniques for obtaining higher yields. Therefore, many researchers have been conducting an attempt to study the performance of corn and specialty corn. The objective was to evaluate the performance of the popcorn variety UENF-14 in different population arrangements, in the harvest season and off-season. Two experiments were carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes, North of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, in the off-season 2011, using the UENF-14 variety and the experimental hybrid P2 x P9, and in the season 2011-2012 using UENF-14 and the commercial hybrid IAC-112. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with split plots, in which plots were composed by popcorn genotypes, the subplots consisting of three spacings between sowing lines (0.45, 0.60 and 0.90 m) and the subsubplots composed of three plants per hectare densities (60,000, 75,000 and 90,000 plants.ha-1). The variety UENF-14 presented higher performance than the hybrids, demonstrating its potential for recommendation to the North of Rio de Janeiro State. There was an increase of grain yield by reducing the spacing between the plants rows. The cultivation of the variety UENF-14 reducing the spacing between rows was advantageous for grain production, regardless of planting date.Keywords: Zea mays L., densities of plants, spacing between rows, sowing times.

Fumonisin B1 and Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 (AP1) in Tortillas and Nixtamalized Corn (Zea mays L.) from Two Different Geographic Locations in Guatemala†

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILMORE I. MEREDITH ◽  
OLGA R. TORRES ◽  
SANDRA SAENZ de TEJADA ◽  
RONALD T. RILEY ◽  
ALFRED H. MERRILL
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Mean Concentration

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a common contaminant of corn worldwide and is responsible for several diseases of animals. In the preparation of tortillas, corn is treated with lime (producing nixtamal) that when heated hydrolyzes at least a portion of the FB1 to the aminopentol backbone (AP1), another known toxin. This study analyzed the amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas and nixtamal from two communities in the central highlands of Guatemala where corn is a major dietary staple (Santa Maria de Jesus, Sacatepequez, and Patzicia, Chimaltenango). The amounts of FB1 and AP1 in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus were, respectively, 0.85 ± 2.0 and 26.1 ± 38.5 μg/g dry weight (mean ± SD), and from Patzicia were 2.2 ± 3.6 and 5.7 ± 9.4 μg/g dry weight. Less than 6% of the tortillas from both locations contained ≥10 μg FB1/g dry weight; whereas, 66% of the samples from Santa Maria de Jesus and 29% from Patzicia contained ≥10 μg AP1/g dry weight. The highest amount of AP1 (185 μg/g dry weight) was found in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus. The highest amounts of FB1 were 6.5 and 11.6 μg/g dry weight in tortillas from Santa Maria de Jesus and Patzicia, respectively. The mean concentration of FB1 in nixtamal was significantly higher in Santa Maria de Jesus compared to Patzicia. Surprisingly, AP1 was not detected in any of the nixtamal samples. The human impact of exposure to these amounts of fumonisins is not known. However, based on findings with other animals, where corn is a dietary staple, long-term consumption of FB1 and AP1 (especially at ≥10 μg/g of the diet) may pose a risk to human health.

scholarly journals Effets du vermicompost à base d’ordures ménagères associées aux balles de riz sur les paramètres agronomiques du maïs (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 15862-15870
Author(s):  
Arnauth Martinez GUEI ◽  
Ferdinand Gohi Bi ZRO ◽  
Sidiky BAKAYOKO ◽  
Fabrice Djè Bi TA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
And Control

Objectifs : Cette étude se veut de produire et de déterminer la valeur fertilisante du vermicompost, et mesurer les effets de ce vermicompost sur la croissance et le rendement du maïs. Méthodologie et résultats : Les travaux ont d’abord consisté à élaborer un compost d’ordures ménagères puis son vermicompost associé par inoculation du ver de terre Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinb.), et ensuite à évaluer leurs effets sur la production du maïs à travers un essai conduit en milieu naturel au sein de l’Université Jean Lorougnon Guedé Daloa. Les traitements sont composés d’un témoin constitué d’un sol de jachère, d’un compost d’ordures ménagères associées aux balles de riz et du vermicompost correspondant. Les résultats ont révélé que le vermicompost a les teneurs les plus importantes en N, P et K, mais les plus faibles concentrations en Cu, Zn et Pb. Les plants de maïs croissent mieux sur le vermicompost par comparaison au compost et au témoin. De plus, le traitement de vermicompost a produit la biomasse racinaire (45,625 ± 1,812 kg.ha-1), le nombre de grains par plant (391,68 ± 17,20 kg.ha-1) et la biomasse totale des grains de maïs (2608,969 ± 50,914 kg.ha-1) les plus élevés. Conclusions et application des résultats : Les travaux ont révélé l’importance de l’espèce Eudrilus eugeniae dans la formation d’un compost de bonne qualité chimique. Les paysans peuvent utiliser le vermicompost d’ordures ménagères associées aux balles de riz pour améliorer le rendement des cultures de maïs. Mots clés : Vermicompost d’ordures ménagères, Balles de riz, maïs, croissance, rendement. ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aims to produce and determine the fertilizing value of vermicompost, and to measure the effects of this vermicompost on the growth and yield of corn. Methods and results: The work consisted first of all in developing a household waste compost then its associated vermicompost by inoculation of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinb.), and then in evaluating their effects on the production of maize through a trial conducted in the natural environment in Jean Lorougnon Guedé University of Daloa. The treatments consisted of a control consisting of fallow soil, household waste compost associated with rice husks and the corresponding vermicompost. The results revealed that vermicompost has the highest levels of N, P and K, but the lowest concentrations of Cu, Zn Guei et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Effets du vermicompost à base d’ordures ménagères associées aux balles de riz sur les paramètres agronomiques du maïs (Zea mays L.) 15863 and Pb. Corn plants grow better on vermicompost compared to compost and control. In addition, the vermicompost treatment produced root biomass (45.625 ± 1.812 kg.ha-1), the number of grains per plant (391.68 ± 17.20 kg.ha-1) and the total biomass of grain (2608.969 ± 50.914 kg.ha-1) the highest. Conclusion and application of findings: The work revealed the importance of the species Eudrilus eugeniae in the formation of a compost of good chemical quality. Farmers can use household vermicompost associated with rice hulls to improve the yield of maize crops. Keywords: Household waste vermicompost, rice husks, maize, growth, yield.

Mesotrione and Atrazine Combinations Applied Preemergence in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Bollman ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
Charles H. Slack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
And Control

Field trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003 at seven sites to determine the optimum rates of mesotrione and atrazine applied PRE for minimal crop injury and control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Pennsylvania smartweed, common ragweed, giant ragweed, ivyleaf morningglory, and common cocklebur. All rates of each herbicide resulted in greater than 95% control of triazine-susceptible common lambsquarters. Mesotrione at 105 g ai/ha resulted in greater than 90% control of triazine-resistant common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and Pennsylvania smartweed. Control of common ragweed was 90% or greater from mesotrione at 158 g/ha in combination with atrazine at 280 g/ha or greater. In addition, mesotrione at 210 g/ha combined with any rate of atrazine provided at least 92% control of common ragweed. Combinations of mesotrione and atrazine only suppressed, and did not effectively control, giant ragweed, common cocklebur, and ivyleaf morningglory.

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