scholarly journals Gender Asymmetry of Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students in Russia and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Ullah Abid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship is now considered to be an urgent solution for handling large pools of young graduates around the world. These crucial situations where universities are creating an excess number of graduates as compared to jobs availability increase the pressure on graduates as well as policy makers and educators. Entrepreneurship in this case does not only handle the burden of the unemployed among the youth but also positively improves the economic development of the country’s economy. In becoming entrepreneurs, graduates do not only create jobs for themselves but for other as well and play a vital role in the development of the economy. This paper explains gender-based entrepreneurship intentions amongst students of Russia and China (3 universities in China, 3 in Russia). A questionnaire was developed to find the impact of different behavior factors on male and female students of Russia and China. In terms of methodology, the quantitative technique was used to collect the data. The entrepreneurial spirit is explained after analyzing the data from three universities in each country. The six universities numbering 468 student respondents were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. To find out the association amongst different variables, multiple regression and correlation technique were used. The results also show an association of gender with entrepreneurship in students in both countries. However, in case of Russia male respondents showed higher intention than female respondents. To maintain the same role of male and female members in the society, development suggestions for educators and policy makers are presented.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Regulatory Sandbox on the Fintech Industry, with a Discussion on the Relation between Regulatory Sandboxes and Open Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayoung James Goo ◽  
Joo-Yeun Heo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Venture Investment ◽  
Regulatory Uncertainty ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
The Impact

As the fintech industry grows around the world, regulatory issues continue to be a hot topic within the industry. To overcome regulatory barriers of the fintech industry, regulatory sandboxes have been adopted. The regulatory sandboxes are beneficial to create a fintech ecosystem, but their effectiveness has not been empirically supported. This study aims to find the expected effects of regulatory sandboxes on fintech venture investments empirically. We conducted an analysis using a country-level comparative research method. To analyze it, we selected nine forerunning countries which have initially adopted regulatory sandboxes. For the purpose of validations, a comparative analysis and a regression analysis were conducted. In the results, we found that the adoption of regulatory sandboxes had very positive influences on the growth of the fintech venture investment. The results implied that regulatory sandboxes may play a vital role in increasing the influx of venture capital into the fintech venture ecosystem by removing regulatory uncertainty. The findings of this research contribute to providing the empirical evidences to policy makers in interpretations of the positive impact of regulatory sandboxes.

scholarly journals The Lebanese Perception of the Impact of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on the National Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Charif Hamdar ◽  
Rana Najjar ◽  
Kamel Karameh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Default"><em>Over the years, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been very significant to the economic development of most developing and developed countries. It is a major form of business and a major employer with a strong positive impact on the economic growth and labor market in Lebanon. </em></p><p class="Default"><em>This paper researches the impact of SMEs on the Lebanese labor market and Lebanese economy. Furthermore, the importance of SMEs, and the challenges facing the sector and makes recommendations as to how to resolve these challenges.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>The data was collected through a questionnaire, and several literature, publications and reports.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>Based on past researches and studies there is a relation between SMEs and job creation in addition to the vital role they play in a nation’s economy.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>This is a basic study to show the impact and importance of SMEs. Recommendations are made for governments to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit and in collaboration with banks to facilitate access to credit to ensure the growth, development and continuation of SMEs. Furthermore, owners and employees of SMEs should be provided with a skill acquisition program to boost their skills, and to ensure the development of both employees and the business. </em></p>

The impact of food fortification on stunting in Zimbabwe: Does gender of the household head matter? 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence Kairiza ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Asankha Pallegedara ◽  
Lesley Macheka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: High prevalence of stunting in children under five years poses a major threat to child development in developing countries. It is associated with micronutrient deficiency arising from poor diets fed to children under five years. Food fortification is amongst the interventions focused at reducing the incidence of stunting in children under five years. Methods : Using a large-scale household data from Zimbabwe, we investigated the gender-based importance of household adoption of food fortification on the proportion of stunted children in the household. We employed propensity score matching to mitigate self-selection bias associated with household adoption of food fortification. Results: We offer three major findings. Firstly, we find statistically weak evidence that female headed households are more likely to adopt food fortification than their male counterparts. Secondly, food fortification reduces the proportion of stunted children in the household. Finally, in comparison to non-adopters, female headed households that adopt food fortification are more able to reduce the proportion of stunted children in their households than their male counterparts.Conclusion: The results highlight the need for policy makers to actively promote food fortification, as such interventions are likely to contribute to the reduction of stunting and to involve men in fortification interventions to improve on their knowledge and appreciation of fortified foods and the associated benefits.

The Impact of New Media on Women Rights, with particular referemce to India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dr.R.K. Maya
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women Rights ◽  
Traditional Roles

In the recent past, advances in information and communication technology have resulted in unifying the world and these developments have impacted public policy, private attitudes and behaviour. The media can play a vital role in the empowerment of women. Though the number of women who work in the media has increased, very few women are in the top positions where they can take decisions or influence content and policy towards the portrayal of women's issues. Gender-based stereotyping still continues in all forms of media. The consumer-driven patterns of media reinforce women's traditional roles and inappropriately target women. The media also contribute to the creation of violent, negative and sexually exploitative content about women which leads to negatively impacting women's participation in society as equal partners to men with inherent dignity.

scholarly journals The impact of food fortification on stunting in Zimbabwe: Does gender of the household head matter?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence Kairiza ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Asankha Pallegedara ◽  
Lesley Macheka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High prevalence of stunting in under 5 children poses a major threat to child development in developing countries. It is associated with micronutrient deficiency arising from poor diets fed to under 5 children. Food fortification is amongst the interventions focused at reducing the incidence of stunting in under 5 children. Using a large scale household data from Zimbabwe, we investigated the gender based importance of household adoption of food fortification on the proportion of stunted children in the household. We employed propensity score matching to mitigate self-selection bias associated with household adoption of food fortification. We offer three major findings. Firstly we find little evidence for gender differences in the adoption of fortified foods. Secondly, household adoption food fortification reduces the proportion of stunted children in the household. Finally, vis-à-vis non adopters, female headed households that adopt food fortification reduce a larger proportion of stunted children in their households than their male counterparts who adopt food fortification. These results highlight the need for policy makers to actively promote food fortification programmes to involve men in fortification programmes to improve their knowledge and appreciation of fortified foods and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Kemampuan Deteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan antara Auditor Pria dan Wanita Berdasarkan Pengalaman Audit

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Lailah Fujianti
Keyword(s):  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Similar Experience ◽  
Practical Implications

ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the experience of male auditors and female auditors on their ability to detect fraud, and to further explore the differences in the ability of male and female auditors who are experienced in detecting fraud. The sample of this study was 78 auditors consisting of 47 men and 31 women. Purposive sampling is used to determine the number of research samples. The location of the auditor's office in the DKI Jakarta Region as a consideration in purposive sampling in determining the number of samples. Data analysis method used is Partial Least Square based on variance with multigroub test. The results revealed the experience of male and female auditors had an impact on the ability to detect fraudulent financial statement presentation. Male and female auditors with similar experience are able to detect fraudulent financial statement presentation. The practical implications of this study are expected to be useful as an input in improving the ability of auditors to detect fraud, as well as a basis for policy makers for authorities to consider the need for experience in improving the ability of auditors to detect fraud. The originality of this study is that the ability of experience in improving fraud detection has been studied in many previous studies, but has not classified research samples by gender and has not distinguished the ability of male and female auditors who are experienced in fraud detection.   ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menginvestigasi dampak pengalaman auditor pria serta auditor wanita terhadap kemampuannya dalam deteksi kecurangan, serta mengkaji lebih jauh untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan  auditor pria dan wanita yang berpengalaman dalam mendeteksi kecurangan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 78 auditor yang terdiri dari 47 pria dan 31 wanita. purposive sampling digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah sampel penelitian. Lokasi kantor auditor di Wilayah DKI Jakarta sebagai pertimbangan dalam purposive sampling dalam penetuan jumlah sampel. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square berbasis variance dengan uji multigroub. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan pengalaman auditor pria serta auditor wanita berdampak terhadap kemampuan deteksi kecurangan penyajian laporan keuangan. Auditor pria maupun wanita yang memiliki pengalaman sama - sama mampu mendeteksi kecurangan penyajian laporan keuangan. Implikasi praktis penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai input dalam meningkatkan kemampuan auditor dalam mendeteksi kecurangan, juga sebagai dasar bagi pengambil kebijakan bagi yang berwenang agar mempertimbangkan perlunya pengalaman dalam meningkatkan kemampuan auditor dalam mendeteksi kecurangan. Adapun originalitas penelitian ini adalah kemampuan pengalaman dalam meningkatkan deteksi kecurangan banyak dikaji pada penelitian terdahulu, akan tetapi belum mengelompokkan sampel penelitian berdasarkan gender dan belum membedakan kemampuan auditor pria dan wanita  yang berpengalaman dalam deteksi kecurangan.

Londra’da Türkiyeli Göçmenlerin Emek Piyasalarında Ayrımcılık Deneyim ve Algıları

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-281
Author(s):  
Mehmet Rauf Kesici
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Discrimination ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Set Up

Göçmenlerin emek piyasalarında ayrımcılık deneyimleri ve algısını ortaya koymak emek piyasalarında meydana gelen ekonomik ve sosyal arızaları anlamak ve çözümler üretmek, ayrımcılığın türediği kaynaklara ışık tutmak, diğer göçmen ve yerli gruplarla karşılaştırmalar yapmak ve politika yapıcılara, uygulayıcılara veri sunmak bakımından önemlidir. Bu makale, 01/09/2014 – 01/09/2015 tarihleri arasında, Londra’da gerçekleştirilen bir alan araştırmasından elde edilen verilerin derlenmesi ve analiz edilmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın odağında Londra’daki Türkiyeli (Kürt, Türk ve Kıbrıslı) göçmenlerin emek piyasalarında ayrımcılık deneyimlerini ve algılarını belirlemek vardır. Çalışmanın amacı ise işe girişte veya iş kurarken, çalışırken ve işten ayrılır veya çıkarılırken bu kadın ve erkek göçmenler için bu deneyimlerini ortaya koymak, ayrımcılığa yol açan etmenleri bulmak ve aynı zamanda ayrımcılık deneyimleri ve algısı arasındaki uyumsuzlukları tartışmaktır. Bu analizle Türkiyeli göçmenlerin etnik ekonomide ve etnik ekonomi dışında ayrımcılığa maruz kaldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Göçmenler için ayrımcılık, çoğu örnekte kişinin göçmen olmasının, cinsiyetinin, etnik ve/veya dini aidiyetinin, dili, eğitimi gibi özelliklerinin çeşitli kombinasyonlarından dolayı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrımcılık deneyimleri ve algısı göçmen kadınlarla erkekler arasında farklılıklar göstermektedir. Cinsiyet temelli ayrımcılığa da maruz kalan kadın göçmenler açısından bireysel ayrımcılığa toplumsal (yapısal) ayrımcılık eşlik etmektedir. ABSTRACT in ENGLISHLabour market experiences and perceptions of discrimination among migrants from Turkey in LondonA through analysis of immigrant workers’ experiences and perceptions of discrimination is important. Because such analysis provides insights in understanding the economic and social failures in the labour markets and help developing solutions. Moreover, such analysis sheds light on the root causes of discrimination and enables us to make comparisons between immigrant and local groups and provides data for experts and policy makers. This article draws on a field research conducted in London between 01/09/2014 and 01/09/2015. The focus of the study is to determine Kurdish, Turkish and Cypriot immigrant workers’ experiences and perceptions of discrimination in the labour markets in London. The aim of this study is to present the experiences of discrimination of male and female the immigrants who find a job or set up a business, work and quit their job or are dismissed from their work. The article also discusses the discrepancy between their discrimination experiences and the perceptions of discrimination. This article argues that the migrants from Turkey and Cypriot are exposed to discrimination within and outside the ethnic economy. Discrimination for the immigrants, in many cases, arises from a combination of variety of determinants such as immigration, gender, ethnic and / or religious affiliations, foreign language capacities, education etc. Discrimination experiences and perceptions are different among male and female immigrants. For immigrant women, individual discrimination is accompanied by gender-based discrimination and other forms of social (structural) discrimination. 

scholarly journals Does proximity to tourist site affect the rental value of residential properties? Empirical evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Olalekan Oshodi ◽  
Oyewale Oyedeji ◽  
Clinton Aigbovboa
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rental Value ◽  
Modelling Approach

The property market plays a vital role in the economy of any nation. The industry provides jobs, investment opportunities and constructed space for productive activities, among others. Several authors have developed predictive models for the rental value of residential properties. However, little is known about the impact of tourist site on the rental value of residential properties. This study seeks to examine the effect of tourist sites on the rental value of residential properties using an artificial intelligence technique. The predictive modelling approach was utilised in this study. It was found that proximity to tourist site and security are the most important factors influencing rental prices of residential properties. In addition, the developed Neural Network (NN) model could adequately predict the rental value of residential properties (93.75% were correctly predicted). The results of this study demonstrate that the NN model is a useful tool for forecasting of the rental value of properties. The findings of this study provide valuable information for policy makers, professionals in the built environment and property investors.

Moving from Intentions to Actions in Youth Entrepreneurship: An Institutional Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Shirokova ◽  
Oleksiy Osiyevskyy ◽  
Karina Bogatyreva ◽  
Linda F. Edelman ◽  
Tatiana S. Manolova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSituational factors may facilitate or frustrate the translation of entrepreneurial intentions into subsequent actions. In this study, we use data from two waves of a large-scale cross-country study of student entrepreneurship, the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS), conducted in 2011 and 2013/2014 (n = 1434 students from 142 universities in nine countries), in order to investigate the impact of country-level institutions (financial market institutions and legal institutions) on the link between entrepreneurial intentions and subsequent start-up activities. We find that the quality of legal institutions has a significant positive impact on the translation of intentions into actions, whereas the quality of the national financial system does not influence the intentions-actions link. Theoretical and public policy implications are discussed.

Context, gender and entrepreneurial intentions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rienke van Ewijk ◽  
Sophia Belghiti-Mahut
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions (EI) change when entrepreneurship education (EE) is added to the force field of macro-social stimulants and inhibitors of female EI in the particular context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a pre-post survey with entrepreneurship students and students with a similar profile enrolled in other courses (N = 246) at three universities. The three main hypotheses are evaluated through independent-samplest-tests and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate a negative effect of gender stereotypes on female students’ EI in the UAE, regardless of the course type. Furthermore, entrepreneurship courses appear to be more successful than other courses in raising the EI of students in general and female students in particular. Finally, adding EE to the equation of macro-social inhibitors and stimulants of female EI in the UAE seems to tip the balance in favor of the influence of economic affluence, rapid modernization and proactive governmental policies to stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit among female residents. That is, at the end of the entrepreneurship courses, there was no significant gender difference in EI anymore and female students are significantly more likely to experience a positive change in EI than male students.Research limitations/implicationsThe literature review identifies the need for future studies to evaluate the impact of variability in sampling and methods among previous studies on gender effects in EE. Building on the findings, future studies could identify which aspects of EE are pivotal for customizing female students’ specific local interests and needs. The study is limited in the sense that the data set did not enable tests of moderators at the course level (which mostly requires more qualitative data) and individual level. In addition, the sample is not representative for all female residents in the UAE at large.Practical implicationsThis study might stimulate (UAE) policymakers to increase the scope and quality of EE. In turn, university administrators are recommended to find ways to compensate the self-selection effect (overcome likely opt-out by female students) when entrepreneurship courses are elective.Originality/valueThis exploration was inspired by the strong emphasis that Julie Weeks put on the gendered impact of macro-level factors in business enabling environments (Weeks, 2011). The empirical analysis builds on a conceptual framework that integrates Krueger’s model of EI, theory on gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship and previous literature on the role of EE (reinforcing or mitigating stereotypes). The study is executed in the relatively unexplored context of the UAE, which offers strong macro-social inhibitors for ánd stimulants of female entrepreneurship.

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