scholarly journals The Cultural Component in the Semantic Structure of Monoreferential Proper Names: The Case of the German Language

2015 ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
L. M. Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Cultural Component

scholarly journals TOOLS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF THE MEANING OF “NEGATION” IN WORD-BUILDING OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Irina Kruashvili
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Negative Word ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
German Word ◽  
Building System ◽  
Semantic Parameters

The aim of the article is to describe, what word building tools express negation in modern German language; to determine the place and importance of word-forming elements expressing negation in the German word building system; to characterize the internal structure and semantics of formations expressing negation; to describe the inventory of prefix derivatives expressing negation, to classify them according to formal and semantic parameters. The article uses several methods of research. Namely, analysis of direct constituents, methods of descriptive, comparative, substantial and disjunctive opposition. The use of mentioned methods make the formal and semantic structure of word building constructions transparent. Results of the research can be described as follows: the article analyzes more than one hundred word building constructions expressing negation, fetched from lexicographical sources, journals and newspapers, fiction literature and other samples of the functional style. The article reviews the inventory of prefix derivatives having negative word building meanings, there are described their structural and semantic characteristics. The corpus of formations expressing negation is compared to the headwords of dictionaries of the German language and there are revealed the items that are not registered in dictionaries. We can make a conclusion from the materials analyzed in the article that prefixes represent very productive word building tools to express negation in the German language. The nominative function of prefix derivatives that express negation is to modify already existing words. They almost do not participate in compression of syntax constructions. During prefixation there occurs determination of the substantive or adjective root form by a morpheme prefix. Foreign (borrowed) prefixes expressing negation are mainly used in scientific special field texts, which is quite opposite for the German prefixes that mainly occur in the vocabulary of everyday conversation.

scholarly journals STYLISTIC MEANING OF LANGUAGE UNITS

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
O. PAVLIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Three Components

The study considers the issues of stylistic meaning of language units. Much attention is given to the analysis of leading Ukrainian and foreign researchers’ works. Due to the presence of certain contradictions and insufficient study of some aspects, the problem of stylistic meaning of language units remains relevant and needs further research. The author takes the view that the meaning of a word consists of lexical, grammatical and stylistic components. The article analyzes the terminology associated with the stylistic meaning of language units. It is emphasized that most words have only a denotative meaning, not all words have connotative meanings, but both of them belong to the semantic structure of the word. The author distinguishes three components of the stylistic meaning of language units. There are functional, normative, and expressive components. These components are described by the author in the article. Stylistic meaning is an integral part of the semantic meaning of a word; it reflects the speaker’s attitude to the object or phenomenon he is talking about. The article deals with the different degree of expressive coloring of language units, the peculiarities of the use of stylistically marked vocabulary in different styles of speech, provides examples of its application in modern German language. Particular attention is paid to demonstrating the need and importance of reproducing the stylistic coloring in translation. The author concludes that the components of the stylistic meaning of language units are not only interconnected but also interdependent. They are in close contact with each other. Changing one of the components entails changing the others.

scholarly journals Verbalisation of criticism and praise intentions in german-language pedagogical discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
V. M. Glushak ◽  
J. E. Mueller ◽  
M. Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
German Language ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Linguistic Means

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the German-language pedagogical discourse, in particular teachers’ oral speech. Pedagogical discourse as a type of institutional discourse is characterised by a pronounced cultural component related to the differences in educational systems, traditions and modern practices of communicative interaction between teachers and students. The aim of the study is to analyse teachers’ evaluative and facilitative strategies which are implemented in the speech acts of criticism and praise. The examples under review are borrowed from German-language speech resources that teachers in German schools are recommended to use in class. To thematically differentiate between the objects of praise and criticism of students the article is based on contextual analysis, which helps to describe the speech acts of praise and censure, using the procedure of detecting teachers’ intention. The analysis of the grammatical and syntactic construction of the utterances makes it possible to determine the linguistic means of implementing praise and criticism in the German-language teacher discourse and to identify the corpus of linguistic means whose main function is to increase or decrease the semantic and emotional significance of the utterance components.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF NATURAL TOPOGRAPHIC NAMES FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINIAN SPELLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
E. V. Boeva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
People’S Attitudes

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the topographic repertoire of Ukrainian spells. Peculiarities of topographical and toponymic vocabulary functioning in the most ancient texts of ritual folklore are deduced. It has been determined that the spells reflect different geographical areas with the help of 7 structural-and-semantic types of topolexes; their artistic-and-aesthetic focus has been identified. Geographical names as culturally loaded onyms in folklore texts carry a huge layer of culturally significant information in their semantics. In this case the name is an abridged history of the inner life and spirit of the people. The cultural component of the language at the vocabulary level (hence the proper names) to some extent fixes the culture of the people - the native speakers, reflects the inherent worldview of the people. It has been proved that the disclosure of the functional load and mechanisms of onomastic vocabulary in folklore texts will contribute to the clarification and deepening of the theoretical foundations of onomastics as a linguistic science. Each geographical name, entering folklore texts, is combined with a complex range of relations that can be restored only on the basis of a comprehensive systematic analysis of all manifestations of spiritual and material culture of the people, taking into account regional data distribution and knowledge of typologically related cultures. One of the toponyms’ functions in the texts of the spells is a targeted one, but this category of proper names in folklore texts performs not only a nominative function, but often acquires a generalized abstract meaning, adds other semes to their lexicographically fixed meaning, which implicitly contain people's attitudes to the world. It has been proved that geographical names appear in folklore genres as peculiar concepts of the linguistic-and-figurative sphere of the Slavic mentality. 

scholarly journals Proper names in German-language mass media (prospects in teaching methodology and new opportunities)

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Irina Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
German Language ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Media Texts

The research covers semantic and pragma-stylistic features of onomastic units in German-language mass media, as well as the peculiarities of their functioning and impact on the reader, their prospects in the process of teaching a foreign language (in the terms of stylistic analysis of media texts).

scholarly journals Types of Words Meanings that Define the Cardinal Points

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
R. Ye. Telpov
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Special Position ◽  
North East ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The One

The semantic structure of words that define the cardinal points is considered. Words of this type are of interest, on the one hand, as words embodying the most archetypal ideas about space, on the other hand, as lexemes in the structure of compound names of territories that have not received an official administrative status, but have distinct historical, cultural or socio-political characteristics (Russian North, East of Ukraine, etc.). The author proposes the classification of the components of the semantic structure of such words, developed by him, concludes that this structure is heterogeneous, that it is consistently realized in two meanings that are reflected in their lexicographic description: vector and territorial. The author draws attention to the fact that the territorial significance, in turn, is also subdivided into two types - general territorial and private territorial. The author emphasizes that the meaning of the names of the cardinal points should be considered private-territorial if they serve as a nomination for completely certain territorial entities that have a socio-political or cultural-historical originality. The author comes to the conclusion that, functioning in particular-territorial meanings, the names of the cardinal points are close to proper names: macrotoponyms and khoronyms, but they retain a special position among khoronyms and toponyms.

scholarly journals STILISTIC AND SYNTACTIC VARIATION OF GERMAN PREPOSITIONS

2014 ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
E. L. Shubina
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Case Control ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
The Press ◽  
Abstract Nouns

This work is devoted to the stylistic and syntactic variation of prepositions per and via in the publicistic style of modern German language. The similarity of German prepositions with the units of significant vocabulary in the aspect of variation is expressed through inherent in all level of words synonymic replacements. One of the special features of the prepositional system of modern German language is its openness, that is sun in the rapid replenishment at the expense of the transition of the prepositions borrowed from other languages. The pretexts per and via actively penetrate into social and political journalism together with the borrowed words and discover the combinability of both concrete and abstract nouns. Both prepositions are functionally semantic field of instrumentalnosti, discover the same regularity of use. But for proper names the combination with the preposition via. The stylistic variation of the considered prepositions consists in the selectivity of functional styles and in the variable use of the prepositions on the basis of the similar definitions. The analysis of the press materials has shown, that for the mentioned prepositions characteristically different case control. Despite the recommendations of grammarians, there prepositions are capable to connected to more than one form of this case. The preposition per manages not only accusative case, as it is indicated by the normative grammar, but also to dative. The most intensive variation of forms is peculared to the preposition via, which manages accusative, genitive and dative cases. Among the syntactic factors the greatest effects on the fluctuations in the use of prepositions in modern German language make an impact on structural-formal particulary, the presence/absence of the articles or a cover word before the managed noun, preposition/postposition of the preposition, the type of the declination combined with the preposition of the noun.

SEMANTIC-SYNTACTIC COMPONENTS OF THE SITUATION FOR CONVEYING INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Inna Stupak
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Expression ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Verbs of speech activity constitute a significant layer of verbal lexicon, which is characterized bya complex semantic structure. Depending on the nature of the semantic features, verbs of speechactivity are divided into three groups, one of which is represented byverbs to deliver information. In recentyears, there has been an increase in the frequency of use of verbs for conveying information indifferent literary styles. The aim of the study is to establish the most frequent verbs of this semanticsand to identify the specifics of their functioning in the situation for informational transmission on thematerial of German journalistic texts. The analysis of the to deliver information was carried out usingthe electronic corpus of the German language, which made it possible to trace the dynamics of theuse of 28 to deliver information, identify the four most frequent verbs and establish their semanticmodels. The situation for conveying information provides three obligatory semantic roles: agent,addressee and message.The analysis of the situation for conveying information with the verbs іnformieren, melden, mitteilen, berichten revealed the asymmetry of the obligatory components at the semantic and syntactic levels. Explicit and elliptical implementation of required components depends on the semantics of the verbs. The situation for conveying information with the verb is characterized at the syntactic level by the implementation of two semantic roles: addressee and message. The semantic role of agent in the situation for conveying information with the verbs berichten, melden, mitteilen is filled with a noun in a metonymic transfer of the type WHOLEPART, where the WHOLE is an institution, and PART is an employee or the head of this institution. The second mandatory component of the situation is addressee, who at the syntactic level has an explicit expression mainly with the verb іnformieren. In the situation with the verbs berichten, melden, mitteilen the semantic role of addressee is identified by the previous context. The third obligatory component of the situation for conveying information – the information that istransmitted – has both explicit and deictic expression. Verb semantics, communicative necessity and the principle of saving language efforts regulate the implementation of the obligatory semantic components of the situation for conveying information. The most significant component of the informational situation has an explicit expression. In general, the analyzed verbs are characterized by the possibility of shiftingthe focus of attention to any of the obligatory components.

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