scholarly journals What “new” factors should be considered when assessing cardiovascular risk?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
M. D. Smirnova ◽  
I. V. Barinova ◽  
T. V. Fofanova ◽  
Z. N. Blankova ◽  
O. N. Svirida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
The Individual

One of the causes of high mortality from cardiovascular diseases is the lack of effective measures for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications (CCO), due to the difficulty of timely identification risk factors (RF) and individuals with a high individual risk of CCO. This is especially true for patients from low/mean risk. This group is heterogeneous. Often, clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis occur for the first time without “classical” RF. Possible factors that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and CCO, are: heart rate, increased formation of advanced glycation endproducts, disorders of bone mineral metabolism, thyroid function, low adherence to therapy, psychosocial factors and climatic features. This review is devoted to the analysis of the evidence base of the influence of these “new” CCO RF and the individual patient prognosis.

Special populations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of

• The keys to optimal management of treatment-resistant depression and depression in special populations include careful assessment, selection of evidence-based treatments tailored to the individual, and ongoing monitoring of response and outcome.• Given the still limited evidence base, use and selection of antidepressants depends on an individual risk-benefit assessment in elderly patients, those with other medical illnesses, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and children and adolescents....

Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Biomarkers for Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases by Skin Autofluorescence: A Noninvasive Optical Screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Fernanda Rossi Paolillo ◽  
Vicente Silva Mattos ◽  
Audrey Borghi-Silva ◽  
Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato ◽  
Jarbas Caiado de Castro Neto
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Skin Autofluorescence ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation Endproducts

Temporal complexity in clinical manifestations of lung disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Frey ◽  
Geoffrey Maksym ◽  
Béla Suki
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

In this review, we summarize results of recent research on the temporal variability of lung function, symptoms, and inflammatory biomarkers. Specifically, we demonstrate how fluctuation analysis borrowed from statistical physics can be used to gain insight into neurorespiratory control and complex chronic dynamic diseases such as asthma viewed as a system of interacting components (e.g., inflammatory, immunological, and mechanical). Fluctuation analysis tools are based on quantifying the distribution and the short- and long-term temporal history of tidal breathing and lung function parameters to assess neurorespiratory control and monitor chronic disease. The latter includes the assessment of severity and disease control, the impact of treatment and environmental triggers, the temporal characterization of disease phenotypes, and the individual risk of exacerbation. While in many cases specific mechanistic insight into the fluctuations still awaits further research, appropriate analyses of the fluctuations already impact on clinical science and practice.

Special populations

Depression ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Special Populations ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Careful Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

The keys to optimal management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and depression in special populations include careful assessment, selection of evidence-based treatments tailored to the individual, and ongoing monitoring of response and outcome. For TRD, pharmacological strategies include switching antidepressants or adding an adjunctive agent. Adjunctive agents include second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics, other antidepressants, lithium, thyroid hormone, and psychostimulants. There is still a limited evidence base for pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in special populations such as elderly patients, those with other medical illnesses, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and children and adolescents. For these patients, use and selection of antidepressants depends on an individual risk-benefit assessment.

Management of Renal Osteodystrophy: THe Heart and Bone of Pediatric Dialysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Claus P. Schmitt ◽  
Franz Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Phosphate Binders ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Control of mineral homeostasis is a particularly challenging task in children and adolescents on dialysis. Treatment efforts must not only ensure patient survival and the absence of debilitating complications of bone disease, but in view of a potentially long lifespan, must also consider how to best promote long-term cardiovascular health and successful psychosocial transition into adult life. In that context, avoidance of cardiovascular calcifications and accomplishment of adequate statural growth and a normal final height are major objectives of uremic bone disease management in children. Unfortunately, current pediatric management guidelines operate on a small evidence base, and major controversy surrounds key issues such as optimal target ranges for serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus in the individual childhood phases, and individual risk–benefit ratios for the use of phosphate binders, vitamin D analogs, and calcimimetics in children. The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge and outlines future research requirements in bone disease associated with pediatric end-stage renal disease.

scholarly journals The prevalence of acute erosive-ulcerative gastroduodenal lesions in patients with cardiovascular diseases, taking anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
A. A. Poliantsev ◽  
D. V. Frolov ◽  
D. V. Linchenko ◽  
S. N. Karpenko ◽  
A. A. Chernovolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Aims: to draw attention to the lack of recommendations for the prevention and treatment of acute erosive-ulcerative gastroduodenal lesions and their complications associated with the severity of the patient’s condition, the massiveness of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy and the degree of risk of bleeding.Materials and methods: a literature review was conducted of domestic and foreign authors on the problem of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in cardiovascular diseases.Results: there are no standardized recommendations for the prevention and treatment of OEGP and their complications, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, based on evidence.Conclusion: it is necessary to develop a scale that assesses the risk of OEGP and gastrointestinal bleeding in cardiovascular diseases, methods of treatment and prevention of these conditions, taking into account the specific parameters of the patient.

scholarly journals Molecular Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Implication for Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne AP
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

A growing body of evidence supports the role of infl ammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the supposed initiation factors of atherogenesis are infection and change in shear stress on certain location, leading to attachment of LDL and subsequent oxidation. The pathway activated are the NFkB and TGFβ leading to endothelial dysfunction and production of infl ammatory cytokines and adhesion factors followed by recruitment of infl ammatory cells to the site, oxLDL internalization and foam cell formation in the fatty streak that later develop into atherosclerotic plaque. Further, p53signaling causes apoptosis leading to plaque rupture, platelet activation and aggregation ending in clinical manifestations. Moreover, numerous individual risk factors might aggravate the condition, and the progress might take decades depending on the balance of pro and anti atherogenic factors. Therefore, management of atherosclerosis addressing the individual risk factors using drugs with various properties coping with the molecular basis especially infl ammation is beneficial.

scholarly journals Relations between the residential fast-food environment and the individual risk of cardiovascular diseases in The Netherlands: A nationwide follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Poelman ◽  
Maciej Strak ◽  
Oliver Schmitz ◽  
Gerard Hoek ◽  
Derek Karssenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
The Individual

Background The food environment has been hypothesized to influence cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. This study determines the relation between fast-food outlet density (FFD) and the individual risk for cardiovascular disease, among a nationwide Dutch sample. Methods After linkage of three national registers, a cohort of 2,472,004 adults (≥35 years), free from cardiovascular disease at January 1st 2009 and living at the same address for ≥15 years was constructed. Participants were followed for one year to determine incidence of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. Street network-based buffers of 500 m, 1000 m and 3000 m around residential addresses were calculated, while FFD was determined using a retail outlet database. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Models were stratified by degree of urbanization and adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, comorbidity, neighbourhood-level income and population density. Results In urban areas, fully adjusted models indicated that the incidence of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease was significantly higher within 500 m buffers with one or more fast-food outlets as compared with areas with no fast-food outlets. An elevated FFD within 1000 m was associated with an significantly increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. Evidence was less pronounced for 3000 m buffers, or for stroke and heart-failure incidence. Conclusions Elevated FFD in the urban residential environment (≤1000 m) was related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular heart disease and coronary heart disease. To better understand how FFD is associated with cardiovascular disease, future studies should account for a wider range of lifestyle and environmental confounders than was achieved in this study.

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