scholarly journals Improvement of the Water Management by Applying the No Tillage System for the Winter Wheat Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Felicia CHEȚAN ◽  
Cornel CHEȚAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

The Transylvanian Plain has a particular aspect, as the hilly areas are predominant and here the soil erosion phenomena through levigation are frequently encountered. The effect of water availability on yields has been thoroughly researched, being one of the main limitative factors of the winter wheat yields. Starting from these considerations, during the agricultural years 2012-2018, a bi-factorial yield test was performed at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Turda, for a period of seven years. The study explored the influence of the water status under the influence of two tillage systems and the climatic conditions specific for this area on winter wheat yields. In the field conditions of Turda during experimental interval, the soil tillage system had a rather small impact on the winter wheat yields. In the conventional system (CS) a reserve of accessible water is preserved better during the spring period, this being attributed to a better infiltration into the soil of winter precipitation (snow). In the conservative system (NT), the observed trend suggests that restoration of the ground water reserve is more difficult than in the CS but the loss of water in the CS is just as fast.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management in Wheat No Tillage Soil Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana MALSACHI ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Adina IVAS ◽  
Ignea MIRCEA ◽  
Tritean NICOLAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cultural Measures ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Tillage System

Elaborated in 2008-2010, at Agricultural Research Station Turda, the paper presents the increasing of main pests abundance and the extension risk of pests attack on the cultural technologies with minimum soil tillage and no tillage system, on the agro-ecological changes in Transylvania. The paper pointed out the importance of adequate new soil conservative technologies of minimum tillage and no tillage system with a special pests control strategy, comprising: efficiency insecticides and application moments, cultural measures, entomophagous and biodiversity conservation and use, environmental protection.

scholarly journals Influence of soil tillage system on soil compaction and winter wheat yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Biberdzic ◽  
Sasa Barac ◽  
Dragana Lalevic ◽  
Aleksandar Djikic ◽  
Danijela Prodanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

scholarly journals Evalution of the healthiness of winter wheat cultivated in conventional tillage, direct sowing and direct sowing with underplant crop of white clover

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Moszczyńska ◽  
Elżbieta Pląskowska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Research of the healthiness of winter wheat depending on the soil tillage system and rate of nitrogen fertilization were carried out in 1998-2001. The largest threat to the healthiness of plants was tan spot, which was caused by <i>Pyrenophora tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, especially in cropping season 1999/2000. The soil tillage system diversified the intensification of occurence of this pathogen, only in two last years of research. The most infected by <i>P. tritici</i>-i was wheat, which was cultivated in the direct sowing. Application of underplant crop of white clover in the direct sowing contributed to the improvement of the plants healthiness. The highest rate of nitrogen fertilization (120 kg N.ha<sup>-1</sup>) in the highest degree favoured the damage of wheat by <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, but only in two first years of research. The second pathogen <i>Blumeria graminis</i>, which caused powdery mildew of cereals, occured in small amount and didn't have any influence on the healthiness of winter wheat.

scholarly journals The Abundance and Dynamics of Lepidoptera Pests from Maize, Soybean, Sugar Beet Crops, In Conditions Of Agricultural Research And Development Station Turda

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Daniela IVAS ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Mamestra Brassicae ◽  
Autographa Gamma ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

This paper presents experimental data conducted for this purpose, during 2009 – 2010 in ARDS Turda. Species of Lepidoptera present in field crops, studied in ARDS Turda are: Agrotis segetum (Den. & Schiff.), Autographa gamma L., Amathes c-nigrum L., Mamestra brassicae L., Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Plutella xylostella L.. The research were performed at ARDS Turda, during 2009 - 2010 in crops: maize, sugar beet and soybean; were used F1 traps type) with synthetic sex pheromones of the Romanian Institute of Chemistry Cluj - Napoca. Traps were placed in 3 repetitions, at the 50 m distance between, during June-September. The adhesive used was based on polyisobutylene, produced by the same institute. Pheromones baits and sticky plates were changed at 10 days, when were recorded the number of captured Lepidoptera. To compare data obtained, was performed percentage distribution of species of Lepidoptera, and observations on the abundance of Lepidoptera pests, highlighting the appeal and sex pheromones specific for the most common Lepidoptera. At ARDS Turda, in maize, sugar beet and soybean, under normal climate of the years 2009- 2010, were registered, in sex pheromones traps, more than 1.400 adults of the mentioned Lepidoptera species. These species showed a well defined allocation percentage as follows: Ostrina nubilalis represented a very significant percentage between 39.0 - 68.0% of the total of Lepidoptera pests, Autographa gamma 12,0-25,0%, Amathes c-nigrum 14,0-16,0% and other species (Mamestra brassicae, Plutella Xylostella, Agrotis segetum) between 2,0-11,0%. The results have resulted in flight curves of the most common Lepidoptera pest crops, which shows the evolution of species according to specific climatic conditions, thus knowing the best time for applying treatments.

scholarly journals Research on Organic Winter Wheat Cultivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu TOMOS
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Optimum Application

The goal of organic farming is to create and maintain a balance between environment protection and croping technology for each tipe of crop, beginning with the soil tillage system wich is aimed to ensure harmony and keep the balance between the natural resources and the crop needs. The yields level depends mostly on the optimum application of all technological sequences beginning with soil selection and finishing with crop harvesting. The yield has to be satisfactory both in quantity and quality. Nowadays, although quantity is very important, more and more the stress is on the quality; consumers being more oriented towards healthy food.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni, Neamţ County, Romania, to the Supply of Soybean Seed

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Tr. I. Pomohaci ◽  
Simona-Florina Pochişcanu ◽  
Margareta Naie ◽  
Alexandra-Andreea Buburuz ◽  
Oana Spânu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Testing Field ◽  
Biological Category ◽  
Basic Seed

ABSTRACT In the 2008-2012 period, in the Seed production laboratory from Agricultural Research and Development Station (A.R.D.S.) Secuieni, Neamţ county, Romania, were cultivated three varieties of soybean, Granat, Eugen and Onix, created at A.R.D.S. Turda, Cluj county. These varieties were well adapted to the climatic conditions of A.R.D.S. Secuieni, obtaining yields of up to 3000 kg/ha. During 2008- 2012, the following amounts of seeds were produced: PB1(pre-basic seed 1): 11000 kg in 2008, 8700 kg in 2009, 6500 kg in 2010, 5600 kg in 2011 and 3800 kg in 2012; PB2 (pre-basic seed 2): 45900 kg in 2008, 39000 kg in 2009, 67000 kg in 2010, 32000 kg in 2011 and 27000 kg in 2012. The amount of seed from the biological category PB2 ensure, annual, the required for sowing 300- 700 ha of basic biological category, which is delivered to farmers for the sowing of about 5000-12000 ha. Both in the field of seed production as well as in the ecological testing field (comparative cultures of contest) Onix variety presented the greatest adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions from the Central Moldavian Plateau, achieving the highest yields

scholarly journals Influence of Main Works Systems on Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana-Maria Muscalu (Plescan) ◽  
Valentin Nedeff ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Elena Partal ◽  
Emilian Mosnegutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this research have been to determine the influence of soil main works systems (no tillage, fall tillage, spring tillage, discing in) on the physical properties (penetration hardness, air speed in soil) and chemical properties (humidity, humus, total nitrogen, calcium, chlorides) of the soil. The experiments have been carried out in the experimental field of National Agricultural Research and Development Institute - Fundulea, Romania, for a corn monoculture. The highest values of the soil penetration hardness have been recorded for the corn monoculture for which the spring tillage system had been applied (4.9 MPa, working depth 15-30 cm). The lowest values of total nitrogen and chlorides content have been recorded for the corn monoculture for which the fall tillage system had been applied (1.37 mg/kg d.s., working depth 15-30 cm) in the case of the total nitrogen and for the corn monoculture - discing in system (4.43 mg/100g sol, working depth 0-15 cm).

PROTECTION OF THE SOYBEAN CROP AGROECOSYSTEM THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Adina Daniela Tărău ◽  
Camelia Urdă ◽  
Felicia Mureşanu ◽  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Vasile Oltean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Pests And Diseases

"Soybean is an important economical crop used for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw material. Also, soybean is succesfully used in crop roatations with the main cereal crops because it’s biological nitrogen-fixing capabilities. A great diversity of pests and diseases including nematodes, insects and phytopathogenic fungi are known to affect soybean crop. From plant emergence to grain maturity, pests Tetranychus urticae and Etiella zinckenella, pseudofungi Peronospora manshurica and fungi Fusarium sp. and Botrytis cinerea can cause economic damage. In this study was evaluated the influence of tillage systems, different types of fertilizers and pesticide treatments on the most economical important diseases and pests of soybean crop in a field experiment at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS Turda) in the climatic conditions of 2020. Teo TD, an early maturing soybean variety created at ARDS Turda, was used for the experiment. Based on the assessments made, soil tillage system, fertilization and control of pests and diseases have differently influenced the downy mildew and T. urticae attack. To reduce the attack of pathogens in soybean crop, the best technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and application of fungicides, either without or in combination with an insecticide. The T. urticae populations developed on mineral, organic and green fertilized plants. Integrated control methods must combine agro-technical measures with the application of chemical treatments in accordance with the warning of the appearance of the first adults. "

scholarly journals Glucosinolate Concentrations in Differentially Irrigated Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata Group)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 852D-853
Author(s):  
T.J.K. Radovich ◽  
M.D. Kleinhenz* ◽  
J.G. Streeter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Block Time ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Development Center

Glucosinolates are secondary plant products of the Brassicaceae that may influence vegetable flavor and human health. Soil moisture levels and plant water status are thought to influence cabbage head glucosinolate levels. However, no information is available on the effect of irrigation timing relative to plant developmental stage on glucosinolate concentrations in cabbage. To address these gaps in the literature, cabbage (cv. Bravo) was grown in 2002 and 2003 at The Ohio State Univ., Ohio Agricultural Research and development Center in Wooster, Ohio. The four irrigation treatments, arranged in a RCB design, were: 1) irrigation throughout development [no stress (NS)], 2) irrigation only during head development [frame stress (FS)], 3) irrigation only during frame development [head stress (HS)], and 4) no irrigation [frame and head stress (FHS)]. Irrigation was supplied via drip tape and scheduled by the hand-feel method. Differential soil moisture levels among treatments were confirmed with gypsum block, time domain reflectometry (TDR) and gravimetric measurements. Analyzed across years, irrigation timing significantly affected total glucosinolate concentrations, with levels 36% greater in cabbage not irrigated during head development (HS, FHS) relative to cabbage receiving irrigation during head development (NS, FS). Concentrations were highest (29.4 mmol·kg-1) and lowest (19.4 mmol·kg-1) in FHS and FS cabbage, respectively. Irrigation effects were greater in 2002, when air temperatures were higher and rainfall and relative humidity lower than in 2003. We conclude from the data that head development is the critical stage at which irrigation should be applied in order to influence cabbage glucosinolate levels at maturity.

scholarly journals The reaction of some winter wheat variety at cultivation in the conservative system in the Transylvanian Plain area

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Felicia Chetan ◽  
Cornel Chetan ◽  
Ioana Paula Moraru ◽  
Alina Simon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Gluten Content

Introduction: In Europe between wheat cultivators countries, Romania ranks fifth with an area of 2.07 million hectares with a production of 7.45 million tonnes and production obtained is just 3601 kg /ha (www.ager.press.ro).Aims: Through the experience realised at ARDS Turda we follow the behavior of native varieties grȃu autumn, compared ȋn varieties of foreign origin, to make recommendations on their pretability to different systems of culture and levels of fertilization.Materials and Method: The experiment realized at the ARDS Turda, includes two ways to work the soil, a classic conventional system (with autumn ploughing, land preparation, sowing and fertilized) in parallel with the conservative ("no-tillage” with stubble crop directly into the preemergent plant). Experimental factors: A - soil tillage system; B - winter wheat variety; C - fertilization.Results: Of the eight winter wheat varieties, in the experiment is remarkable the variety Capo    that registered highest values of the gluten content at the level of fertilization c2, c3 and c4 at cultivation in both work systems (classic and “no tillage”). At most varieties, the highest protein content is at the c2 level of fertilization, except Capo and Exotic that react the best at c3 level of fertilization, in the system "no tillage". Conclusion: The winter wheat  indigenous Andrada, Dumbrava, Arieşan and line T-29-04 and cultivar Renan (Limagrain) reacts most favorable in  gluten content at level of  fertilization c2 (at sowing 250 kg/ ha NPK 20: 20: 0 + resumption spring vegetation ȋn 214 kg/ ha ammonium nitrate).The productions obtained at all varieties wheat,  is not existlarge quantitative differences (200-700 kg/ha differences), but  variety Apache, Exotic, Ariesan and Dumbrava had reached over 7,400 kg / ha. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0884.  References*** www.ager.press.ro 

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