scholarly journals Evalution of the healthiness of winter wheat cultivated in conventional tillage, direct sowing and direct sowing with underplant crop of white clover

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Moszczyńska ◽  
Elżbieta Pląskowska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Research of the healthiness of winter wheat depending on the soil tillage system and rate of nitrogen fertilization were carried out in 1998-2001. The largest threat to the healthiness of plants was tan spot, which was caused by <i>Pyrenophora tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, especially in cropping season 1999/2000. The soil tillage system diversified the intensification of occurence of this pathogen, only in two last years of research. The most infected by <i>P. tritici</i>-i was wheat, which was cultivated in the direct sowing. Application of underplant crop of white clover in the direct sowing contributed to the improvement of the plants healthiness. The highest rate of nitrogen fertilization (120 kg N.ha<sup>-1</sup>) in the highest degree favoured the damage of wheat by <i>P. tritici</i>-<i>repentis</i>, but only in two first years of research. The second pathogen <i>Blumeria graminis</i>, which caused powdery mildew of cereals, occured in small amount and didn't have any influence on the healthiness of winter wheat.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

scholarly journals Influence of soil tillage and weed suppression on winter wheat yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Branimir Mikic ◽  
Bojan Stipesevic ◽  
Emilija Raspudic ◽  
Georg Drezner ◽  
Bojana Brozovic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
High Yields

Modern soil tillage systems based on different tools than mouldboard plough have very often stronger weed occurrence, which can be a serious problem for achieving high yields. An obvious solution for weed suppression is a herbicide, whose improper use can deteriorate environment and lead toward serious ecological problems. In order to investigate the interaction between soil tillage and herbicide, trial was set up in Valpovo in seasons 2008/09 - 2010/11. Two soil tillage systems (CT-conventional tillage, based on mouldboard ploughing, and CH-chiselling and disk harrowing, without ploughing) and five herbicide treatments (NH-control, no herbicides; H10- recommended dose of Herbaflex (2 l ha-1); H05-half dose of Herbaflex; F10- recommended dose of Fox (1.5 l ha-1); and F05-half dose of Fox) were applied to winter wheat crops. Results showed similar effects of soil tillage on the winter wheat yield, whereas different herbicide dosages showed similar weed suppression and influence on winter wheat yield.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Soil resistance and bulk density under different tillage system

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Miro Stošić ◽  
Vladimir Zebec ◽  
Maciej Kluz ◽  
Boris Ravnjak ◽  
Tomislav Vinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Set Up

A stationary field experiment of a reduced soil tillage was implemented at a Hypogley (Hypogleyic soils A–Gso–Gr soil horizon sequence) soil type of Eastern Croatia during three seasons and set up as a split-plot randomized block design in four repetitions. The tillage systems (TS) were as follows: 1) conventional tillage, i.e., plowing at 30 cm (CT), 2) disking up 10-12 cm (DT), 3) soil loosening up to 35 cm (LT), 4) no-tillage (NT). The experiment was designed to compare the penetration resistance (PR), soil moisture (SM), and bulk density (BD) at different TSs and soil depths. A cone penetrometer was used to measure the PR with 10 prods per TS, accompanied with a measurement of SM with a soil auger on every 10 cm, with four samples up to a 40-cm depth. The BD was determined by metal cylinders on every 10 cm up to a 30-cm depth, being weighed and dried thereafter to obtain an absolutely dry sample, and then calculated using absolutely a dry soil sample mass (m_s) and the soil volume (V). The PR and SM were significantly influenced by the TS and soil depth. The CT had the significantly lowest PR at all depths, while the DT has manifested a significantly higher PR at a soil depth amounting to 10 to 20 cm. The PR on NT were significantly diverse from the CT at all soil depths. The BD varied significantly concerning the TS and the soil depth. Subsequent to the three years, the CT had a significantly smaller BD at a depth amounting from 0 to 10 cm, and a significantly higher BD at 20- to 30-cm depth, compared to reduce the TS.

The effect of soil tillage system on the nitrogen uptake, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring barley in a cool Atlantic climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BRENNAN ◽  
P. D. FORRISTAL ◽  
T. McCABE ◽  
R. HACKETT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Ct System

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted between 2009 and 2011 in Ireland to compare the effects of soil tillage systems on the grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen (N) uptake patterns of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in a cool Atlantic climate. The four tillage treatments comprised conventional tillage in spring (CT), reduced tillage in autumn (RT A), reduced tillage in spring (RT S) and reduced tillage in autumn and spring (RT A+S). Each tillage system was evaluated with five levels of fertilizer N (0, 75, 105, 135 and 165 kg N/ha). Grain yield varied between years but CT had a significantly higher mean yield over the three years than the RT systems. There was no significant difference between the three RT systems. Tillage system had no significant effect on the grain yield response to fertilizer N. As a result of the higher yields achieved, the CT system had a higher NUE than the RT systems at all N rates. There was no significant difference in NUE between the three RT systems. Conventional tillage had significantly higher nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) than RT A and a significantly higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) than all three RT systems. Crop N uptake followed a similar pattern each year. Large amounts of N were accumulated during the vegetative growth stages while N was lost after anthesis. Increased N rates had a positive effect on N uptake in the early growth stages but tended to promote N loss later in the season. The CT system had the highest N uptake in the initial growth stages but its rate of uptake diminished at a faster rate than the RT systems as the season progressed. Tillage system had an inconsistent effect on crop N content during the later growth stages. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the use of non-inversion tillage systems for spring barley establishment in a cool oceanic climate remains challenging and in certain conditions may result in a reduction in NUE and lower and more variable grain yields than conventional plough-based systems.

scholarly journals Weeds occurrence in areas submitted to distinct winter crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
C.J. Silva ◽  
L.A. Staut ◽  
C.S. Pontes ◽  
L.C.A.S. Laurindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Winter Fallow

In the Western Region of Brazil, it is usual to have two agricultural harvests in the same cropping season. Usually the first crop is soybean, followed by corn. In areas where corn is not planted due to a delayed harvest of soybean, farmers generally do not use winter crops. For these areas, the planting of winter oilseed crops aiming at the production of bio-fuels is one of the best alternatives; in addition, this would help in reducing the occurrence of weed species at the following summer crop. This study aimed to assessing the weed community in distinct winter crops post soybean crop, in terms of species composition, level of infestation and severity of occurrence. The following treatments were evaluated: agriculture under a no-till system with winter fallow, winter oilseed crops (crambe, radish, rapeseed) with no-till agriculture in the summer, and agriculture under a conventional tillage system with winter fallow. Phytosociological evaluations of all treatments were carried out 75 DAE of the oilseed crops, and the diversity indexes of Margalef, Menhinick, Simpson, and Shannon-Weiner were determined. Areas were also grouped by cluster analysis based on UPGMA applied at Jaccard's similarity matrix. Among the treatments with winter coverage, radish was the most efficient crop in suppressing the occurrence of weed species. The area with conventional tillage agriculture and winter fallow allowed for a higher occurrence of troublesome weeds. On the other hand, the area under fallow showed the highest absolute level of infestation. Overall, oilseed crops in the winter contribute to lower levels of infestation by weed species in these areas.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization and soil management of winter common bean crop

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Gustavo da Silva ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Marco Eustáquio de Sá ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Bean Crop

The adoption of appropriate cultural management, which includes nitrogen fertilization and soil tillage system, is very important to increase the efficiency of plant in the utilization of available resource. This research work was conducted for three years aiming at evaluating the effect of sidedressing nitrogen application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1) on winter bean crop under different systems of soil management (conventional, minimal, and no-tillage systems). The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in strips relative to tillage systems, with random distribution of nitrogen doses into each strip, with four replications. Grain yield was affected by nitrogen rates and significant increases were obtained with the application of 75 to 100 kg N ha-1. Soil management did not affect grain yield, although the "minimum system" provided better results in the two first years.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Water Management by Applying the No Tillage System for the Winter Wheat Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Felicia CHEȚAN ◽  
Cornel CHEȚAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

The Transylvanian Plain has a particular aspect, as the hilly areas are predominant and here the soil erosion phenomena through levigation are frequently encountered. The effect of water availability on yields has been thoroughly researched, being one of the main limitative factors of the winter wheat yields. Starting from these considerations, during the agricultural years 2012-2018, a bi-factorial yield test was performed at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Turda, for a period of seven years. The study explored the influence of the water status under the influence of two tillage systems and the climatic conditions specific for this area on winter wheat yields. In the field conditions of Turda during experimental interval, the soil tillage system had a rather small impact on the winter wheat yields. In the conventional system (CS) a reserve of accessible water is preserved better during the spring period, this being attributed to a better infiltration into the soil of winter precipitation (snow). In the conservative system (NT), the observed trend suggests that restoration of the ground water reserve is more difficult than in the CS but the loss of water in the CS is just as fast.

scholarly journals Weed infestations of winter wheat depend on the forecrop and the tillage system

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

In-crop weed infestation is affected by both habitat conditions and agronomic practices, including the forecrop and tillage treatments used. This study evaluated the effect of the forecrop and the tillage system on species composition, number and dry weight of weeds in a winter wheat ‘Astoria’. A field study was carried out over the period 2014–2017 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (SE Poland), on a mixed rendzina soil with a grain-size distribution of sandy loam. Wheat was grown in a four-course crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat – rapeseed – winter wheat. The experimental factors were as follows: a forecrop of winter wheat (soybean and winter rapeseed) and a tillage system (ploughing and no-tillage). <em>Avena fatua</em> was the most frequently occurring weed in the wheat crop sown after soybean, whereas after winter rapeseed it was <em>Viola arvensis</em>. <em>Viola arvensis</em> was the dominant weed under both tillage systems. In all experimental treatments, the species <em>Viola arvensis</em> and <em>Cirsium arvense</em> were characterized by the highest constancy (Constancy Class V and IV), and also <em>Veronica arvensis</em> after the previous winter rapeseed crop. In the wheat crop sown after winter rapeseed, the number of weeds was found to be higher by 62.1% and the weed dry weight higher by 27.3% compared to these parameters after the previous soybean crop. A richer floristic composition of weeds was also observed in the stand after winter rapeseed. Under conventional tillage conditions, compared to no-tillage, the number of weeds was found to be lower by 39.7% and their dry weight by 50.0%. An increase in the numbers of the dominant weed species was also noted in the untilled plots.

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