scholarly journals EFFECT OF FERTILIZERRS WITH UREASE AND NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS ON DURUM WHEAT CROP ON YIELD AND QUALITY (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Antigolena FOLINA ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Antonis MAVROEIDIS ◽  
Stella KARYDOGIANNI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
And Control

Conventional agricultural has a significant role in climate change. For this reason, farmers choose more innovative practices such as fertilizers inhibitors. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is the most cultivated winter crop in the Mediterranean basin. The scope of this study is to determine the improvement of the fertilizer yield by adding nitrification (DMPSA) and urease (NBPT) inhibitor in urea in durum wheat crop. Meridiano variety was evaluated for one growing period through 2019–2020 under two basic fertilization (20-20-0 and 12-40-0 (+10S +Zn). The experiments were designed according to split-plot design, 2 main plots (basic fertilization) and 7 subplots (top fertilization). The top fertilization were the various urea combination treatments (urea, urea + urease inhibitor thiophosphoric-triamide (NBPT) (UI), urea + nitrogen inhibitor 3,4- dimethylpyrazole succinic (DMPSA) and control. Nitrogen markers, such as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) were used to evaluate nitrogen release. The length of the inflorescences was over 20 cm for all fertilizations. Regarding basic fertilization, larger inflorescences were recorded with 12-40-0 (+10S +Zn). The grain protein content and nitrogen were higher by 1-2% under basic basic fertilization 20-20-0. Grain and biomass production were increased with both fertilizers’ inhibitors (NBPT and DMPSA). Between two inhibitors, urease inhibitor (NBPT) yielded higher than DMPSA.

scholarly journals Functional Validation of Glutamine synthetase and Glutamate synthase Genes in Durum Wheat near Isogenic Lines with QTL for High GPC

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9253
Author(s):  
Domenica Nigro ◽  
Stefania Fortunato ◽  
Stefania Lucia Giove ◽  
Elisabetta Mazzucotelli ◽  
Agata Gadaleta
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Minor Crop ◽  
A Minor

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) is a minor crop grown on about 17 million hectares of land worldwide. Several grain characteristics determine semolina’s high end-use quality, such as grain protein content (GPC) which is directly related to the final products’ nutritional and technological values. GPC improvement could be pursued by considering a candidate gene approach. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) cycle represents a bottleneck in the first step of nitrogen assimilation. QTL for GPC have been located on all chromosomes, and several major ones have been reported on 2A and 2B chromosomes, where GS2 and Fd-GOGAT genes have been mapped. A useful and efficient method to validate a putative QTL is the constitution of near-isogenic lines (NILs) by using the marker found to be associated to that QTL. Here, we present the development of two distinct sets of heterogeneous inbred family (HIF)- based NILs segregating for GS2 and Fd-GOGAT genes obtained from heterozygous lines at those loci, as well as their genotypic and phenotypic characterizations. The results allow the validation of the previously identified GPC QTL on 2A and 2B chromosomes, along with the role of these key genes in GPC control.

RESPONSE OF DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS TO WATER STRESS IN THE FIELD AND GREENHOUSE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
GETINET GEBEYEHOU ◽  
D. R. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Difference

Experiments were conducted in the field and in the greenhouse to measure differences in drought resistance among durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) cultivars. Nine cultivars were tested in 1976 and 12 in 1977 in duplicate tests grown adjacent to each other under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the field. The drought resistance of the cultivars was measured as the difference in their performance under the two water regimes. For yield, there was no significant interaction between the cultivars and the water regimes in either year. Thus, the cultivars did not appear to differ significantly in drought resistance. They did differ significantly in the effect of water stress on the yield components. However, the performance of the cultivars was not consistent either for the yield components or between years. In one greenhouse experiment, six cultivars were grown in large containers. One set of plants was watered at regular intervals while a second set was watered only until 5 days after anthesis in the main spikes. Water stress caused major, correlated reductions in grain yield, 1000-kernel weight, and length of the growing period. However, the differences among the cultivars largely depended on their vegetative growth under nonstress, those with the most growth showing the largest reduction from stress. In a second greenhouse experiment, the 12 cultivars were grown in 15-cm pots at three moisture levels. For yield, there was no interaction between cultivars and moisture levels. Overall, the data provided little evidence of consistent differences among cultivars in resistance to moisture stress.Key words: Drought resistance, components of yield, yield, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.).

scholarly journals Wheat Response to No-Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in a Long-Term Faba Bean-Based Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Ali ◽  
Luigi Tedone ◽  
Leonardo Verdini ◽  
Eugenio Cazzato ◽  
Giuseppe De Mastro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
No Tillage

A field experiment was conducted in Southern Italy to study the response of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grain yield and quality traits to a no-tillage (NT) system and different nitrogen N fertilizer rates (30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1). The NT system was evaluated and compared to conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) tillage within continuous wheat (WW) and faba bean–wheat (FW) crop sequences over 3-years (2010–2012). The results showed a promising grain yield increase (30%) in the last year. The effect of the N rate on protein content was significant, while productive parameters were not significantly influenced due to both weather conditions and the previous crop. Tillage effect was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) positive on grain yield, yield components and quality parameters, especially in NT system, and was more pronounced when accompanied with faba bean in the rotation system. Despite producing a lower grain protein content (13%) compared to other systems, NT produced good semolina quality (with higher hectoliter weight and lower percentage of broken and shriveled grains). This study provides useful information for farmers on how to produce a satisfactory yield and good grain quality with minimum inputs, helping to design sustainable strategies for durum wheat cultivation in the dry regions.

scholarly journals Allelic Variation at Glutenin Loci (Glu-1, Glu-2 and Glu-3) in a Worldwide Durum Wheat Collection and Its Effect on Quality Attributes

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Pablo F. Roncallo ◽  
Carlos Guzmán ◽  
Adelina O. Larsen ◽  
Ana L. Achilli ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Gluten Strength ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Novel Alleles

Durum wheat grains (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) are the main source for the production of pasta, bread and a variety of products consumed worldwide. The quality of pasta is mainly defined by the rheological properties of gluten, an elastic network in wheat endosperms formed of gliadins and glutenins. In this study, the allelic variation at five glutenin loci was analysed in 196 durum wheat genotypes. Two loci (Glu-A1 and Glu-B1), encoding for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and three loci (Glu-B2, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3), encoding for low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), were assessed by SDS-PAGE. The SDS-sedimentation test was used and the grain protein content was evaluated. A total of 32 glutenin subunits and 41 glutenin haplotypes were identified. Four novel alleles were detected. Fifteen haplotypes represented 85.7% of glutenin loci variability. Some haplotypes carrying the 7 + 15 and 7 + 22 banding patterns at Glu-B1 showed a high gluten strength similar to those that carried the 7 + 8 or 6 + 8 alleles. A decreasing trend in grain protein content was observed over the last 85 years. Allelic frequencies at the three main loci (Glu-B1, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3) changed over the 1915–2020 period. Gluten strength increased from 1970 to 2020 coinciding with the allelic changes observed. These results offer valuable information for glutenin haplotype-based selection for use in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Impact of a New Leaf Rust Race on Durum Wheat in Northwestern Mexico from 2001 to 2003

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
W. Pfeiffer ◽  
P. Figueroa-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
New Race

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) is the main irrigated winter crop in northwestern Mexico. Historically, leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, had not induced significant losses to durum production in the area until 2001. That year, a new race, designated as BBG/BN, was detected that caused the most widely grown cultivar, Altar C84, which had remained resistant for 16 years, to become susceptible. Other recommended cultivars also became either moderately susceptible or susceptible. Detailed characterization of avirulence/virulence characteristics on Lr genes indicated that this race possibly did not evolve from the older races, but may have been introduced. Rust epidemics during the 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 crop seasons have caused estimated losses of at least US$32 million. Although a majority of cultivars from 31 different countries, including the United States and Canada, and most of CIMMYT's durum wheat germ plasm were highly susceptible, diversity for both race-specific resistance and moderate levels of slow rusting resistance were identified. Jupare C2001, a resistant cultivar released in 2001, showed high levels of resistance and negligible losses in grain yield in a trial where Altar C84 suffered over 27% losses.

The assessment of boron toxicity tolerance in F6 RILs of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Tell. convar. durum (Desf.) Mackey]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belgin Göçmen Taşkın ◽  
Özlem Özbek ◽  
Sibel Keskin Şan ◽  
Miloudi Mikael Nachit ◽  
Zeki Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Boron Toxicity

scholarly journals Olive mill wastewater effects on durum wheat crop attributes and soil microbial activities: A pilot study in Syria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan Khalil ◽  
Hasan Habib ◽  
Michael Alabboud ◽  
Safwan Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Olive Mill

AbstractOlive mill wastewater is one of the environmental problems in semiarid regions. The main goals of this study were to investigate the impacts of different olive mill wastewater levels on durum wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Douma1) production and soil microbial activities (i.e., bacteria and fungi). A pot experiment was conducted during the growing seasons 2015/2017 to evaluate the effect of three levels of olive mill wastewater on both growth and productivity attributes of wheat. Vertisol soil samples were collected from southern Syria. Two months before wheat cultivation, three levels of olive mill wastewater: T5 (5 L/m 2), T10 (10 L/m2) and T15 (15 L/m 2) were added to pots filled with the collected soil samples. Also, a control (T0) free of olive mill wastewater was considered as a reference. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in germination rate (%), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), kernels number, kernels weight per ear (g) and grain yield (g/m2) compared to control. However, T5 treatment did not induce a significant increase in terms of ear length, kernels weight per ear or yield (in the second season). On the other hand, T10 treatment had recorded the best results compared with the other two treatments (T5, T15). Similarly, the results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial and fungi cells by increasing olive mill wastewater concentration. This research provides promising results toward using olive mill wastewater in an eco-friendly way under Syrian conditions.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

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