Association between spatial genetic variation and potential distribution in tree fern Alsophila gigantea (Cyatheaceae) in Hainan Island, China

Spatial genetic variation involves spatial genetic structure (SGS) and genetic diversity is important genetic features of plants. We first evaluated spatial genetic structure (SGS) and genetic diversity among four populations of Alsophila gigantea from Hainan Island, China, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Significant but weak FSGS was found in A. gigantea. High genetic diversity was identified at the species level and the population level. AMOVA analysis revealed a low level of genetic differentiation among the four populations with high gene flow. Mantel test showed no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. It was found that association between annual mean temperature and annual precipitation with FSGS. Combined with these spatial genetic variation, abundant precipitation and suitable temperature create a stable environment for A. gigantea in Hainan Island, which allows the fern to expand rapidly during the LGM. These results further emphasized the role of outcrossing, and history and environmental factors in the evolution of A. gigantea. This study also provided new insights on in local adaptation of A. gigantea to environmental fluctuations, and available genetic data to enhance the conservation for relict tree ferns.

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Pollen-mediated gene flow ensures connectivity among spatially discrete sub-populations of Phalaenopsis pulcherrima, a tropical food-deceptive orchid

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-2179-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhe Zhang ◽

Stephan W. Gale ◽

Ji-Hong Li ◽

Gunter A. Fischer ◽

Ming-Xun Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Population Level ◽

Hainan Island ◽

Paternity Analysis ◽

Genetic Structuring ◽

Long Distance ◽

High Genetic Diversity

Abstract Background Gene flow in plants via pollen and seeds is asymmetrical at different geographic scales. Orchid seeds are adapted to long-distance wind dispersal but pollinium transfer is often influenced by pollinator behavior. We combined field studies with an analysis of genetic diversity among 155 physically mapped adults and 1105 F1 seedlings to evaluate the relative contribution of pollen and seed dispersal to overall gene flow among three sub-populations of the food-deceptive orchid Phalaenopsis pulcherrima on Hainan Island, China. Results Phalaenopsis pulcherrima is self-sterile and predominantly outcrossing, resulting in high population-level genetic diversity, but plants are clumped and exhibit fine-scale genetic structuring. Even so, we detected low differentiation among sub-populations, with polynomial regression analysis suggesting gene flow via seed to be more restricted than that via pollen. Paternity analysis confirmed capsules of P. pulcherrima to each be sired by a single pollen donor, probably in part facilitated by post-pollination stigma obfuscation, with a mean pollen flow distance of 272.7 m. Despite limited sampling, we detected no loss of genetic diversity from one generation to the next. Conclusions Outcrossing mediated by deceptive pollination and self-sterility promote high genetic diversity in P. pulcherrima. Long-range pollinia transfer ensures connectivity among sub-populations, offsetting the risk of genetic erosion at local scales.

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Selection of Restoration Material for Abies koreana Based on Its Genetic Diversity on Mt. Hallasan

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Seung-Beom Chae ◽

Hyo-In Lim ◽

Yong-Yul Kim

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Population Level ◽

Target Distance ◽

Planting Material ◽

Abies Koreana ◽

Declining Populations ◽

The Republic

The restoration of damaged or disrupted forests with genetically appropriate restoration planting material that can adapt to future environmental conditions will ensure the conservation of forest genetic resources. Abies koreana is endemic to the Republic of Korea, with declining populations under current environmental changes. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity of its largest population growing on Mt. Hallasan to determine the sampling size of planting material from the population that will ensure 95% coverage of alleles in the population. We evaluated the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of three subpopulations of A. koreana on Mt. Hallasan. A total of 456 samples were evaluated using 10 microsatellites. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.538 and 0.614 at the population level, respectively. The differences among the subpopulations accounted for 4% of the total variance. Intervals between individuals of the sample to be extracted were based on the two-target distance (5 and 10 m) inferred from the spatial genetic structure. Through random sampling methods considering the target distance, we showed that genetic diversity can be captured by obtaining at least 35 individuals in the population of A. koreana on Mt. Hallasan.

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ISSR analysis of two founding plant species on the volcanic island Surtsey, Iceland: grass versus shrub

Surtsey research ◽

10.33112/surtsey.13.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 17-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽

Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson ◽

Borgthór Magnússon ◽

Wojciech Bąba ◽

Józef R. Mitka

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Plant Colonization ◽

Common Source ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Early Arrival

Prior to the present study there was limited knowledge about the genetic basis of plant colonization on the 50-year-old island of Surtsey, South Iceland. The aim here was to compare genetic structure of two contrasting species, Festuca rubra (arctic fescue) and Empetrum nigrum (crowberry), which have colonized Surtsey since 1973 and 1993, respectively. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and population structure. Two census periods were compared: 1996-1997 and 2005-2006. Using six ISSR primers, we obtained 103 and 139 discernible DNA fragments from F. rubra and E. nigrum respectively. Although the two species displayed similarly high genetic diversity indices (h = 0.238 and 0.235; I = 0.384 and 0.380, respectively), they differed significantly in their genetic profiles. Festuca was genetically structured at the subpopulation level (FST = 0.034, p = 0.007), whereas Empetrum showed a lack of genetic differentiation. A Bayesian STRUCTURE computation further revealed temporal and spatial genetic structure of the species. The early arrival grass F. rubra has expanded from a local genepool. The population was however initially established from different sources, forming a genetic melting pot on Surtsey. On the other hand, the late arrival shrub E. nigrum probably derived from a common source of immigrants.

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Genetic diversity and gene flow patterns in two riverine plant species with contrasting life-history traits and distributions across a large inland floodplain

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt20074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 384

Author(s):

William Higgisson ◽

Dianne Gleeson ◽

Linda Broadhurst ◽

Fiona Dyer

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Water Resource ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Geographic Distance ◽

Resource Development ◽

Water Resource Development ◽

Floodplain River

Gene flow is a key evolutionary driver of spatial genetic structure, reflecting demographic processes and dispersal mechanisms. Understanding how genetic structure is maintained across a landscape can assist in setting conservation objectives. In Australia, floodplains naturally experience highly variable flooding regimes that structure the vegetation communities. Flooding plays an important role, connecting communities on floodplains and enabling dispersal via hydrochory. Water resource development has changed the lateral-connectivity of floodplain-river systems. One possible consequence of these changes is reduced physical and subsequent genetic connections. This study aimed to identify and compare the population structure and dispersal patterns of tangled lignum (Duma florulenta) and river cooba (Acacia stenophylla) across a large inland floodplain using a landscape genetics approach. Both species are widespread throughout flood prone areas of arid and semiarid Australia. Tangled lignum occurs on floodplains while river cooba occurs along rivers. Leaves were collected from 144 tangled lignum plants across 10 sites and 84 river cooba plants across 6 sites, on the floodplain of the lower and mid Lachlan River, and the Murrumbidgee River, NSW. DNA was extracted and genotyped using DArTseq platforms (double digest RADseq). Genetic diversity was compared with floodplain-river connection frequency, and genetic distance (FST) was compared with river distance, geographic distance and floodplain-river connection frequency between sites. Genetic similarity increased with increasing floodplain-river connection frequency in tangled lignum but not in river cooba. In tangled lignum, sites that experience more frequent flooding had greater genetic diversity and were more genetically homogenous. There was also an isolation by distance effect where increasing geographic distance correlated with increasing genetic differentiation in tangled lignum, but not in river cooba. The distribution of river cooba along rivers facilitates regular dispersal of seeds via hydrochory regardless of river level, while the dispersal of seeds of tangled lignum between patches is dependent on flooding events. The genetic impact of water resource development may be greater for species which occur on floodplains compared with species along river channels.

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The interacting effects of genetic variation in Geranium subg. Geranium (Geraniaceae) using scot molecular markers

Caryologia ◽

10.36253/caryologia-1079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 141-150

Author(s):

Bo Shi ◽

Majid Khayatnezhad ◽

Abdul Shakoor

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Information Index ◽

Narrow Endemic

One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.

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Mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals spatial genetic structure and high genetic diversity of Massicus raddei (Blessig) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.6799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 11657-11670

Author(s):

Yufan Zhang ◽

Atif Manzoor ◽

Xiaoyi Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Mitochondrial Dna Analysis

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Diversity and genetic structure in natural populations of Geonoma schottiana Mart (arecaceae): implications for conservation

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602011000200006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 195-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirian de Sousa Silva ◽

Fábio de Almeida Vieira ◽

Dulcinéia de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Tropical Species ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Isozyme Loci ◽

Important Food Source

Geonoma schottiana is an underbrush palm which is found in high densities in tropical forests. This species is known for having an asynchronous fruit producing pattern, over all seasons of the year, thus being an important food source for frugivores. This work aims to determine the diversity and spatial genetic structure of two natural populations, referred to as MC I and MC II, of which 60 individuals were sampled, in Poço Bonito Biological Reserve, Lavras, Minas Gerais state. Results of 10 polymorphic isozyme loci indicated a high genetic diversity for the species (Ĥe= 0.428 and Ĥo = 0.570), with an mean number of alleles per locus of 2.0. Estimates of Cockerham's coancestry coefficients indicated an absence of intrapopulation (<img border=0 width=28 height=24 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cerne/v17n2/a06car02.jpg" > or = -0.343) and interpopulation inbreeding (<img border=0 width=26 height=26 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cerne/v17n2/a06car01.jpg" > or = -0.161), suggesting that on average populations are not endogamous. A high genetic divergence was found between populations (<img border=0 width=26 height=27 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cerne/v17n2/a06car03.jpg"> = 13.5%), in comparison to most tropical species (<5%). Consequently, the estimated historical gene flow was low (<img border=0 width=26 height=27 src="../../../../../../img/revistas/cerne/v17n2/a06car04.jpg">m = 0.40). The analysis of spatial distribution of G. schottiana genotypes in MCI revealed a random distribution of genotypes. The high genetic diversity indices found suggest that the populations in question favor in situ genetic conservation, consequently favoring the conservation of riparian environments.

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Genetic diversity and structure of Astrocaryum jauari (Mart.) palm in two Amazon river basins

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/1984-70332014v14n3a25 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 166-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liliane D. Santos Oliveira ◽

Santiago L. Ferreyra Ramos ◽

Maria T. Gomes Lopes ◽

Gabriel Dequigiovanni ◽

Elizabeth Ann Veasey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Plant Material ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

River Basins ◽

Genetic Analyses ◽

Main River ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure

Astrocaryum jauari is a non-domesticated palm that is exploited by poachers. Our objective was to investigate the organization of the geneticdiversity and structure of three A. jauari populations. The study was carried out in the state of Amazonas, between the municipalities of Coari and Manaus. Nine microsatellite loci were used for the genetic analyses. High genetic variation was found, with a mean number of alleles per locus varying from 3.9 to 4.4. The average observed heterozygosity, varying from 0.71 to 0.78, was higher than expected. No spatial genetic structure was detected, since only one cluster was observed. Our results indicate a possible dispersion strategy and suggest that conservation measures of this species should focus mainly on the populations found at the end of the main river (Solimões) where most of the plant material originating from the headwaters of the tributaries of this river is concentrated.

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Genetic variation and genetic structure within metapopulations of two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae)

AoB Plants ◽

10.1093/aobpla/plaa065 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rong Huang ◽

Zong-Dian Zhang ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Ying-Qiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Habitat Fragmentation ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Full Range ◽

Breeding Systems ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Phylogenetic Distance ◽

Plant Populations

Abstract Habitat fragmentation strongly affects the genetic diversity of plant populations, and this has always attracted much research interest. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of plant populations, fewer studies have compared species with contrasting breeding systems while accounting for phylogenetic distance. Here, we compare the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and among subpopulations in metapopulations (at fine-scale level) of two closely related Zingiber species, selfing Zingiber corallinum and outcrossing Zingiber nudicarpum. Comparisons of the genetic structure of species from unrelated taxa may be confounded by the effects of correlated ecological traits or/and phylogeny. Thus, we possibly reveal the differences in genetic diversity and spatial distribution of genetic variation within metapopulations that relate to mating systems. Compared to outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, the subpopulation genetic diversity in selfing Z. corallinum was significantly lower, but the metapopulation genetic diversity was not different. Most genetic variation resided among subpopulations in selfing Z. corallinum metapopulations, while a significant portion of variation resided either within or among subpopulations in outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, depending on whether the degree of subpopulation isolation surpass the dispersal ability of pollen and seed. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within subpopulations of selfing Z. corallinum potentially due to restricted pollen flow and seed dispersal. In contrast, a weaker genetic structure was apparent in subpopulations of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum most likely caused by extensive pollen movement. Our study shows that high genetic variation can be maintained within metapopulations of selfing Zingiber species, due to increased genetic differentiation intensified primarily by the stochastic force of genetic drift among subpopulations. Therefore, maintenance of natural variability among subpopulations in fragmented areas is key to conserve the full range of genetic diversity of selfing Zingiber species. For outcrossing Zingiber species, maintenance of large populations is an important factor to enhance genetic diversity.

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