scholarly journals The Effects of Turmeric Intake Alone or in Combination with Resistance Training on Liver Enzymes in Adult Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Seung-Joon Paek ◽  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jung Su Park ◽  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Dong-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Main Effects

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric intake alone or in combination with resistance training on liver enzymes in adult men who regularly consumed alcohol at least twice a week.METHODS: Twelve men (age: 36.0±5.26 years, weight: 99.9±17.9 kg, and height: 184.0±6.5 cm) were randomly assigned to the turmeric intake (2-3 g/day) alone (TI, n=6) group or the TI plus resistance training (60 minutes of RT 3 times a week) (TI+RT, n=6) group for 8 weeks. Blood was collected before and after 8 weeks of treatment. The analyzed variables included glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP), and GOT/GPT ratio.RESULTS:There was no significant interaction effect in all variables, but the main effect was found in all variables only in TI+RT group. The Cohen’s d effect size on the main effects of the TI+RT group on GOT (d=0.548), GPT (d=0.835), γ-GTP (d=0.623), and GOT/GPT ratio (d=0.800) ranged from 0.548-0.835, respectively. However, body composition such as percent body fat (%, <i>p</i>>.05) and muscle mass (kg, <i>p</i>>.05) did not show the main effect on time points as well as the interaction effect (<i>p</i>>.05).CONCLUSIONS:Although the 8-week TI treatment did not show any statistically significant change, TI treatment showed a tendency to decrease in GOT, GPT, and γ-GTP, and the GOT/GPT ratio tends to increase. Therefore, there was a synergic effect of the TI plus RT treatment or the sum of the two treatments for 8 weeks.

Using MYSTAT to Analyze Simple Main Effects in Analysis of Variance

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hudiburg
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects

Research designs with two factors having a significant interaction effect are analyzed for simple main effects using MYSTAT. The coding used performs a series of one-way analyses of variance for each main-effect factor at only one level of the second factor.

Impact of resistance training program configuration on the circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor response

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Quiles ◽  
Alex Klemp ◽  
Chad Dolan ◽  
Arun Maharaj ◽  
Chun-Jung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Minimum Volume Threshold ◽  
Main Effects

This study examined the acute and resting changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inteleukin-6 (IL-6) and if changes in these biomarkers were correlated during resistance training (RT). Fifteen men with ≥2 years of RT experience (age: 23 ± 3 years, body mass: 84.4 ± 12.3 kg) participated. Subjects performed RT 3×/week for 6 weeks in either a high-repetition (HR; n = 8) or low-repetition (LR; n = 7) group. Protocols during week 1 were HR – Monday: 4 (sets) × 12 (repetitions) at 60% of 1-repetition maximum, Wednesday: 4 × 10 at 65%, Friday: 5 × 8 at 70%; LR – Monday: 8 × 6 at 75%, Wednesday 9 × 4 at 80%, Friday: 10 × 2 at 85%. Total volume was equated for the 6 weeks but not for individual sessions. Greater volume and intensity were performed in LR versus HR (p < 0.01) on Mondays. Plasma was collected immediately before and after exercise of the Monday session. There were no significant interactions or main effects for BDNF (p > 0.05). There was a moderate between-group effect size (0.57) in favor of LR in week 6, suggesting a potentially greater acute increase in BDNF in LR versus HR. For IL-6, a statistically significant main effect was observed for training (p < 0.0001), showing an acute increase in IL-6 in both weeks (p < 0.01); however, no other 3-way or 2-way interactions existed (p > 0.05). A minimum volume threshold of RT may be needed to induce acute elevations in BDNF. Novelty A minimum RT volume threshold may be needed to elicit BDNF. A close proximity to failure may be needed to elicit BDNF. BDNF and IL-6 did not correlate.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR RISK MODERATES THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULT WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S645-S645
Author(s):  
Lauren Marcotte ◽  
Cindy Barha ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect

Abstract We aimed to examine whether the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile Score (FCRP) moderates the effect of progressive resistance training (RT) on mobility in older adult women. This is an exploratory analysis of a single-blind, 12-month randomized controlled trial in 155 omen, aged 65 to 75 years old, who were randomized to: 1x/week progressive RT; or 2x/week progressive RT program; or 2x/week balance and tone (BAT). At baseline and trial completion, mobility was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The SPPB is a composite measure of usual gait speed, standing balance, and sit to stand performance; scores &lt; 9/12 are indicative of functional decline. Baseline 10-year cardiovascular risk was calculated using the FCRP. Participants were classified as either low risk (&lt;16.5% FCRP score; LCVR) or high risk ≥16.5% FCRP score; HCVR). A complete case analysis (n=126) was conducted using a two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to evaluate the interaction effect of group by FCRP risk on SPPB scores at trial completion; baseline SPPB scores and age in years were entered as covariates. There was a significant interaction effect (F(1,126)=3.74, p=0.027). At trial completion, both 1x/RT and 2x/RT participants with HCVR demonstrated greater SPPB scores than those with LCVR (11.59 vs. 11.38 for 1x/week; 11.86 vs 11.46 for 2x/week). In contrast, BAT participants with HCVR demonstrated worse SPPB scores than those with LCVR (11.18 vs 11.66). Our data suggest that RT may be more efficacious for improving mobility in older women with higher cardiovascular risk than women with lower risk.

scholarly journals Can Special Light Glasses Reduce Sleepiness and Improve Sleep of Nightshift Workers? A Placebo-Controlled Explorative Field Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle P. J. Aarts ◽  
Steffen L. Hartmeyer ◽  
Kars Morsink ◽  
Helianthe S. M. Kort ◽  
Yvonne A. W. de Kort
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Driver Sleepiness

Nightshift workers go against the natural sleep–wake rhythm. Light can shift the circadian clock but can also induce acute alertness. This placebo-controlled exploratory field study examined the effectiveness of light glasses to improve alertness while reducing the sleep complaints of hospital nurses working nightshifts. In a crossover within-subjects design, 23 nurses participated, using treatment glasses and placebo glasses. Sleepiness and sleep parameters were measured. A linear mixed model analysis on sleepiness revealed no significant main effect of the light intervention. An interaction effect was found indicating that under the placebo condition, sleepiness was significantly higher on the first nightshift than on the last night, while under the treatment condition, sleepiness remained stable across nightshift sessions. Sleepiness during the commute home also showed a significant interaction effect, demonstrating that after the first nightshift, driver sleepiness was higher for placebo than for treatment. Subjective sleep quality showed a negative main effect of treatment vs. placebo, particularly after the first nightshift. In retrospect, both types of light glasses were self-rated as effective. The use of light glasses during the nightshift may help to reduce driver sleepiness during the commute home, which is relevant, as all participants drove home by car or (motor) bike.

scholarly journals Tensiomyographic Responses to Warm-Up Protocols in Collegiate Male Soccer Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Michael J. Redd ◽  
Tristan M. Starling-Smith ◽  
Chad H. Herring ◽  
Matt S. Stock ◽  
Adam J. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Knee Flexors

The mechanical properties of knee flexors and extensors in 15 collegiate male soccer players following different warm-up protocols [small-sided games (SSG), dynamic (DYN), and plyometric (PLY)] were evaluated. Tensiomyography (TMG) was used to assess contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td) and maximal displacement (Dm) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of both legs before and after each warm-up, while countermovement jump height variables, 20 m sprint, t-test and sit-and-reach were measured following the warm-ups. TMG was analyzed using a three-way [condition × time × leg] ANOVA, while performance variables were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA. Main effects of time were observed for BF-Tc (p = 0.035), RF-Td (p < 0.001), and BF-Td, (p = 0.008), and a main effect of condition was seen for RF-Tc (p = 0.038). Moreover, participants’ 20 m sprint improved following SSG (p = 0.021) compared to DYN and PLY. Sit-and-reach was greater following PLY (p = 0.021). No significant interactions were noted for the measured TMG variables. Warm-up-specific improvements were demonstrated in sprint speed and flexibility following SSG and PLY, respectively. The present study revealed changes in certain TMG measures following the warm-ups that suggest enhanced response of lower leg muscles regardless of specific activities used.

scholarly journals The effects of bowl size and portion size on food intake and fullness ratings in a sample of Japanese men

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 3216-3222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misa Shimpo ◽  
Rie Akamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjectivePortion sizes and bowl sizes may be related to food intake and perceived fullness. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of portion size and bowl size and possible interactions between these variables on food intake and fullness in a sample of Japanese men.DesignParticipants ate four different experimental meals across four weeks and completed questionnaires about their fullness using a visual analogue scale administered before and after meals. The four meal patterns included consistent portions of several foods commonly eaten together in typical Japanese meals, along with 150 g of rice served in a small rice bowl (diameter of 11·5 cm), 150 g of rice served in a large rice bowl (diameter of 13·5 cm), 250 g of rice served in a small rice bowl or 250 g of rice served in a large rice bowl.SettingTokyo.SubjectTwenty-one adult men participated in the study.ResultsPortion size had a significant main effect on rice intake (F(1,20)=83, P<0·001) and fullness (F(1,20)=8·0, P=0·010), but no significant effects of bowl size on the outcome variables were found. The interactions between portion size and bowl size on intake and fullness were not significant.ConclusionsThe sample of Japanese men showed an influence of portion size on food intake. Further research is needed to clarify the combined effects of bowl size and portion size on intake and fullness.

scholarly journals Interaction Effect of Mode of Illustration and Colour Preference on Pupils’ Achievement in Phonics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ifeanyi Ibenegbu
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Textbook Author ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract The study investigated the interaction effect of mode of illustration and colour preference on pupils’ achievement in phonics in Nnobi in Idemili South Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study employed a non-equivalent quasi‐experimental 2 x 3 factorial research design. Some 167primary two pupils from 4 schools were used for the study. The English Achievement Test (EAT) was used to collect data. Three hypotheses were tested. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant main effect for the mode of illustration on pupils’ achievement in phonics F(1,165) = 123.221, p = .000; there was a significant main effect of colour preference on pupils’ achievement in phonics F (2,165) = 55.198, p = 000; and there was a significant interaction effect of illustration and colour preference on pupils’ achievement in phonics F (2,165) = 7.593, p = .001. Because the children-generated illustrations were more effective in teaching phonics and enhancing pupils achievement in phonics, the Ministries of Education should ensure that textbook author incorporate children-generated illustrations in the instructional materials for pupils in primary schools. These materials should be rendered in pupils most preferred colours.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nationality, Gender, and GPA on the Use of Reading Strategies Among EFL University Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401880928
Author(s):  
Senad Bećirović ◽  
Amna Brdarević-Čeljo ◽  
Vildana Dubravac
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
University Students ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Reading Strategies ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Language Context

Despite its importance being acknowledged in a plethora of studies, developing reading strategies appears absent from many classrooms, which justifies a considerable research interest in this topic. The present study aims to investigate how gender, nationality, and grade point average affect the frequency of the usage of different types of reading strategies among Bosnian university students. The research sample comprised 228 students studying at three universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis revealed moderate to high awareness of reading strategies, the problem-solving strategies being most frequently used. A three-way ANOVA showed a significant main effect of gender as well as a significant interaction effect of Nationality × Grade Point Average on The Survey of Reading Strategies questionnaire. Moreover, a three-way MANOVA revealed that gender had a significant main effect on the combined variables, namely global, support, and problem-solving reading strategies. Similarly, the interaction effect of Nationality × Grade Point Average was significant on the three combined variables, while the interaction effects of Grade Point Average × Gender and Grade Point Average × Nationality proved significant only on the Problem-Solving subscale. The current study is expected to contribute to understanding the reading strategy use in a foreign language context, and to inspire educators to recognize the importance of their use in the classroom.

scholarly journals Regional differences in glucose clearance: effects of insulin and resistance training on arm and leg glucose clearance in older hypertensive individuals

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Reynolds ◽  
Mark A. Supiano ◽  
Donald R. Dengel
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Euglycemic Clamp ◽  
Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemic Clamp ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Brachial Vein ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of this study was to compare insulin's ability to stimulate glucose uptake in the arm and leg in a group of older hypertensive individuals ( n = 13, 66 ± 2 yr old). We also examined the effect of a 4-mo whole body resistance-training (RT) program on arm and leg glucose clearance (GC) during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. During the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, GC was assessed by simultaneous measurement of arm and leg blood flow (BF) and assessment of fractional glucose extraction (GE) in blood samples from the brachial artery, brachial vein, and popliteal vein. At baseline, a significant main effect (arm vs. leg) demonstrated greater GC and BF in the arm than in the leg ( P = 0.006 for GC and P = 0.012 for BF). Insulin significantly increased GE, BF, and GC in the arm and leg (main effects: P = 0.0001 for GE, P = 0.0001 for BF, and P = 0.0001 for GC) at baseline. However, the effect of insulin was similar in the arm and leg. After RT, a significant main effect (baseline vs. RT) demonstrated greater GE and GC in the leg ( P = 0.024 for GE and P = 0.053 for GE), but not in the arm ( P = 0.31 for GE and P = 0.14 for GC). No significant main effect (baseline vs. RT) for BF in the arm or leg was observed after RT. In conclusion, the greater GC in the arm than in the leg at baseline is primarily due to enhanced arm BF. Furthermore, whole body RT appears to increase GC in the leg but not in the arm.

scholarly journals Effect of cutting shapes and thicknesses on the quality of minimally processed pineapple (Ananas comosus) cv. 'Queen Victoria'

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 5525-5538
Author(s):  
M. S Danyen ◽  
◽  
N Boodia ◽  
A Ruggoo
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Keeping Quality

Cutting shape and size are physical factors that influence the keeping quality of minimally processed fruits and vegetables. Since these factors have not been studied as determinants of the keeping quality of minimally processed pineapples (MPP) cv. ‘Queen Victoria’, this study was conducted. A 2 x 2 factorial treatment structure laid on a randomized block design (RBD) was used. The treatments, which were blocked by days, were combinations of two cutting shapes (slices and chunks) and two thicknesses (5 mm and 10 mm). Pineapples of 25 - 50% ripeness were minimally processed to give rise to the treatments, which were then vacuum-packed at 47.5 kPa in laminated Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) vacuum bags and stored at 4 ± 10 C for 12 days. Quality changes were evaluated at three-day intervals over a storage period of 12 days. Translucency score was evaluated by comparison method against standard colour charts. Electrical conductivity of leachate (ECL), firmness and pH were measured instrumentally. Ascorbic acid (AA) content was determined by titration with dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) dye. Yeasts and moulds counts (YMC) were also enumerated using the classical standard method. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and sum of squares due to treatment were split into main effect cutting shape, main effect thickness and interaction effect. All the keeping quality attributes of the MPP were significantly affected by storage time (p<0.001). Cutting shape also significantly affected translucency score (p<0.01), firmness (p<0.01) and YMC (p<0.01). Slices were firmer and had the lowest translucency score and minimized fungal growth as opposed to chunks. No significant interaction effect (p>0.05) was observed between cutting shapes and thicknesses on translucency score, firmness and YMC of the MPP. However, a significant interaction effect was noted between these two variables on ECL (p<0.05) and AA content (p<0.001). A thickness of 10 mm exhibited lower translucency score, higher ECL, reduced firmness and lower AA losses. pH was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by cutting shapes and thicknesses. Ten-mm slices maintained all the above-stated quality parameters, except ECL and pH, when stored at 4 ± 10 C for 12 days.

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