scholarly journals Intelligent analysis of color preferences: search for associative rules vs. cluster analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Samoylova ◽  
Yulia Griber
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Parallel Methods ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Effective Assessment

The aim of the article is to present the experience of experimental implementation on the basis of modern software platforms and technologies of two different methods of data mining: (1) the method of associative rules, and (2) the method of clustering. The authors analyze potential and limitations of using both methods in socio-psychological research of color preferences. The material for the conducted experiment was the data of a socio-psychological study in the course of which the subjects (N = 50) were shown a color palette containing 27 different shades and were asked to select from it the colors which, in their opinion, best fit the interior of each of seven different room types: living room, entrance room, bedroom, bathroom, toilet, kitchen, and hallway. By means of the Apriori algorithm we obtained associative rules corresponding to the relationship between color preferences and room types. We discuss the potential of hierarchical clustering method application for obtaining conclusions, which cannot be achieved by calculating percentages. The choice of rules for combining clusters, which give the most objective and informative assessment of responses, is performed. It was proposed to calculate the distance between color choices of respondents using CIEDE2000 color difference metric. By means of concrete examples it is shown that both methods of intellectual analysis open wide possibilities for visualization of the revealed psychological mechanisms and regularities. Experiments were carried out, in the course of which it was established that the chosen methods allow to carry out an effective assessment of social and psychological research data. We can conclude that with a significant increase in the number of respondents and the range of possible variants of answers, the task of finding associations is effectively solved by parallel methods.

Thought Speed and Health Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaite Yang ◽  
Emily Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Thought Speed ◽  
Shed Light

Social psychological research on thinking has generally focused on the attitudes, emotions, motivations, and biases that affect thinking and consequent behavior. What has received less attention is the speed of thinking: how quickly thinking occurs and whether thoughts accelerate or slow down. Communication design and processing may take for granted that the structure and reception of messages occur at a certain speed. Recent findings from the psychological study of thought speed shed light on ways that this research may be applied to health communication. Fast and slow rates of thinking are correlated with distinct patterns of affective, cognitive, physiological, and behavioral events. Fast thinking is associated with positive mood, energy, approach motivation, arousal, creativity, and risk-taking. Slow thinking is associated with negative mood and depression, low energy, and cognitive impairment. Potential theories exist for why psychological and physiological experiences are associated with thought speed. Recent experimental research demonstrates that thought speed can be successfully manipulated to elicit psychological effects, and it can be manipulated independent of thought content. Researchers, healthcare practitioners, and communicators should be aware of the psychological correlates and consequences of thought speed and consider harnessing the effects of thought speed to augment communication. Thought acceleration and deceleration can be integrated into the design and processing of health communication.

scholarly journals A New Look at Cardiac Defense: Attention or Emotion?

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Vila ◽  
María Carmen Fernández ◽  
Joaquín Pegalajar ◽  
María Nieves Vera ◽  
Humbelina Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Parasympathetic Influences ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
New Look

The study of cardiac defense has a long tradition in psychological research both within the cognitive approach—linked to Pavlov, Sokolov, and Graham's work on sensory reflexes—and within the motivational one—linked to the work of Cannon and subsequent researchers on the concepts of activation and stress. These two approaches have been difficult to reconcile in the past. We summarize a series of studies on cardiac defense from a different perspective, which allows integration of the traditional approaches. This new perspective emphasizes a sequential process interpretation of the cardiac defense response. Results of descriptive and parametric studies, as well as those of studies examining the physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the response, show a complex response pattern with both accelerative and decelerative components, with both sympathetic and parasympathetic influences, and with both attentional and emotional significance. The implications of this new look at cardiac defense are discussed in relation to defensive reactions in natural settings, the brain mechanisms controlling such reactions, and their effects on health and illness.

scholarly journals Interpretative repertoires of multiculturalism – Supporting and challenging hierarchical intergroup relations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Nortio ◽  
Sirkku Varjonen ◽  
Tuuli Anna Mähönen ◽  
Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Interpretative Repertoires ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
Group Memberships

Social psychological research on immigrant integration has predominantly examined multiculturalism from the perspective of majority members, and has seen it to be in conflict with that of minority members. In this discursive psychological study, we analyzed how members of the Finnish majority and different immigrant groups discussed managing ethnic and cultural diversity. As a result, four different interpretative repertoires of multiculturalism were identified. The first two repertoires normalize the hierarchical relations between immgrants and hosts. The other two repertoires questioned and criticized multiculturalism as an official policy or as everyday practices that highlight the importance of ethnic and cultural group memberships and that enable the discriminatory and essentializing treatment of immigrants. Our analysis showed that both minority and majority members can make sense of and orient towards multiculturalism in many different ways and that, contrary to the common assumption based on previous research, the viewpoints presented are not always clearly divided between the groups. Finally, implications of the results for multiculturalism as an ideology and as practices are discussed.

Features of the socio-psychological climate in service collectives of law enforcement bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Алексей Лункин ◽  
Aleksey Lunkin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Psychological Study

The article analyzes and evaluates the results of a comprehensive socio - psychological study in order to identify psychological information that is relevant to the management of the service team. Results of socio - psychological research are considered solely for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of operational and official activities and optimizing moral and psychological support. Discussion of the conducted empirical research allowed to assess the state of the socio-psychological climate in the team, the moral and psychological state of personnel, identify factors that adversely affect the results of operational and service activities and socio-psychological processes, the specifics of interpersonal relations in the team, as well as the opinion of personnel on leaders.

Narrative Approaches within a Social Psychology of Social Justice: The Potential Utility of Narrative Evidence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Psychological Research

This chapter illustrates the utility of narrative approaches within the social psychological study of social justice. By providing an overview of narrative approaches within social psychology, the potential for narrative research to generate knowledge of interest to social justice researchers is highlighted. In efforts to further promote the utility of narrative approaches in social justice research, the concept of narrative evidence is introduced in order to encourage the translation of knowledge gained from social psychological research on social justice concerns into attempts to inform and provoke social change. An illustrative example is discussed drawn from the author’s own research. The work of translating narrative research findings into narrative evidence is an important next step within a social psychology of social justice that seeks to produce knowledge of social justice concerns and has the potential to inform and inspire social change efforts.

scholarly journals Extortion, intuition, and the dark side of reciprocity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regan Bernhard ◽  
Fiery Andrews Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
Conditional Cooperation ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Retributive Punishment ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Desirable Behavior

Extortion occurs when one person uses some combination of threats and promises to extract an unfair share of benefits from another. Although extortion is a pervasive feature of human interaction, it has received relatively little attention in psychological research. To this end, we begin by observing that extortion is structured quite similarly to far better-studied “reciprocal” social behaviors, such as conditional cooperation and retributive punishment. All of these strategies are designed to elicit some desirable behavior from a social partner, and do so by constructing conditional incentives; the main difference is that the desired behavioral response is an unfair or unjust allocation of resources during extortion, whereas it is often a fair or just distribution of resources for reciprocal cooperation and punishment. Thus, we conjecture, a common set of psychological mechanisms may render these strategies successful. We know from prior work that prosocial forms of reciprocity often work best when implemented inflexibly and intuitively, rather than deliberatively. This both affords long-term commitment to the reciprocal strategy, and also signals this commitment to social partners. We argue that, for the same reasons, extortion is likely to depend largely upon inflexible, intuitive psychological processes. Several existing lines of circumstantial evidence support this conjecture.

scholarly journals Consumer Color Preferences for Single-stem Cut Flowers on Calendar Holidays and Noncalendar Occasions

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
Bridget K. Behe
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Mother’S Day ◽  
Over Time

Flower color is a dominant attribute of fresh flowers, likely playing a key role in purchase preference. Several prior studies showed flower color preference differed by gender, but other information on color preferences is sparse. Data for this study were collected by the Ipsos-National Panel Diary Group for the American Floral Endowment, which maintained an extensive panel of consumer transactions from 1992 to 2005, including floral purchases. Multinomial logit analysis of single-stem cut flower purchases showed that men and women differed in their cut flower color preferences but that flower color preference also varied with demographic characteristics and by occasion. We grouped colors into six categories: BluePurple, RedBronze, PeachPink, White, Yellow, and Other. The highest percentage of flowers purchased were RedBronze (34%), whereas the lowest percentage of flowers were Yellow (10.01%) with Other flower colors accounting for less than 5% of purchases. Although women used a more diverse color palette, both men and women were more likely to buy RedBronze flowers for an anniversary and buy PeachPink flowers for Mother's Day. Between 1992 and 2005, women were less likely to purchase PeachPink flowers and men were less likely to purchase RedBronze over time. Overall demand for BluePurple and Yellow flower colors increased over time, whereas the demand for other color categories decreased over time.

scholarly journals Characterization of Color Differences for Color Palettes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (28) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Jialu Wu ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Minchen Wei ◽  
Kaida Xiao ◽  
Stephen Westland
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Reference Set ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Multiple Patches ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Perceived Color

Various color difference metrics were developed for characterizing the perceived color difference between individual color patches. Color difference between palettes containing multiple color patches, however, is critically important in product design and computer graphics. This study aimed to investigate how the perceived color difference between a pair of color palettes containing more than a single color patch is affected by the order and number of color patches in the palette. Two reference color sets were generated and each set had four color palettes containing 1, 4, 9, and 16 color patches that were arranged as 1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, and 4 × 4 patterns. Human observers scaled the color differences between a color palette of the reference set and a color palette that had revised colors, or revised orders, or a combination of revised colors and orders compared to the reference palette. The calculated color differences between the two palettes were derived using the Minimum Color Difference Model (MICDM) algorithm proposed in a recent work with different color difference metrics, including CIELAB, CMC, CIE94, and DE2000. It was found that the perceived color differences of pairs of individual color patches were significantly larger than those containing multiple patches, when the calculated color differences were the same. The color differences metrics, except for CIE94, had similar performance when characterizing perceived color differences between color palettes.

scholarly journals Preprint of "Subjective Economic Inequality is Associated with Lower Well-Being through More Upward Comparison and Lower Trust"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Du ◽  
Peilian Chi ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Ses

Past studies on economic inequality and well-being have mostly relied on measures of objective inequality. However, individuals often misconstrue the actual degree of economic inequality, which might account for the ambiguity in the literature about the role that inequality plays in well-being. Instead of focusing on objective inequality, we propose a subjective-inequality approach by investigating the long-term association between subjective economic inequality and well-being, as well as the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between subjective inequality and well-being (N = 613). We found that subjective inequality predicted lower life satisfaction and higher depression one year later, which were accounted for by more upward socioeconomic comparison and lower trust. Furthermore, the negative association between subjective inequality and well-being remained the same, regardless of individuals’ objective socioeconomic status (SES), subjective SES, and mindset of SES. The effects of subjective inequality also remained robust after controlling for prior levels of well-being and multiple covariates. Our findings revealed that subjective inequality is detrimental to well-being and opens a new window into psychological research on economic inequality.

Perception, Preference, and Prices in Josef Albers’ Square Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Ventura Charlin ◽  
Arturo Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Color Harmony ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Josef Albers’ Homage to the Square series comprises a vast ensemble of compositions based on similar arrays of nested squares. The main difference among these paintings is the colors employed. Therefore, they constitute an almost natural experiment to explore color preferences. We focus on the relationship between the prices paid in public auctions for these paintings and their color attributes over a fourteen-year period. We describe the attributes of the color palette using several color-related metrics aimed at capturing dominant colors, color diversity and contrast, color harmony, and color emotions. We find that color-related metrics explain a great deal of the price variation in Albers’ Squares series. Intriguingly, dominant colors and emotions are the key variables, while color harmony, contrast and diversity play no role at all. We also find that the market favors lighter tones and bluer hues. Additionally, the analyses reveal that Albers, judged by the prices commanded by his paintings, was a quintessential experimentalist ‒ as opposed to a conceptual artist. That is, an artist who kept improving as he gained more experience playing with the same concept over and over. It is worth noting that using market prices to study color preferences or judge aesthetic merits can provide different insights regarding color preferences and color perception, given the fact that most color preference studies are carried out in experimental or artificial settings, where the subjects do not have any direct interests at stake.

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