scholarly journals Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Yolanda Peñaloza-López ◽  
Aline Herrera-Rangel ◽  
Santiago J. Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Adrián Poblano
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation

ABSTRACT Objective Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD). Methods We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15. Results Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements. Conclusion Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

scholarly journals Association between endometriosis, headache, and migraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcin Karamustafaoglu Balci ◽  
Zehra Kabakci ◽  
Damla Y Guzey ◽  
Bartu Avci ◽  
Murathan Guler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Screening Questions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Id Migraine

Introduction: Available data suggest that there is an association between endometriosis and a group of disorders including autonomic nervous system irregularities. A deeper understanding of relationship between endometriosis and autonomic nervous system is needed as it may lead to novel discoveries on the causes or consequences of endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of migraine in patients with endometriosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical records of women were reviewed through January 2013 to December 2017. Women with laparoscopically proven endometriosis (n = 185) were compared with those without endometriosis (n = 168). The 3-item screening questions (ID Migraine™) test was used to screen migraine. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25 (IBM Corporation). The χ2 test was used for analyzing the nominal parameters and group comparisons. Pearson χ2 was used to study the association between endometriosis and migraine. Results: The mean age was 31.86 ± 4.49 years of the endometriosis group and 28.95 ± 5.11 years of the controls (p = 0.408). The two pre-screening questions of ID Migraine test were answered positively by 86 patients of the endometriosis group (75.4%) and by 53 patients of the control group (54.6%) (p = 0.001). Of these patients, 51 (44.7% of endometriosis group) and 26 (26.8% of control group) were diagnosed as having migraine using 3-item Migraine questionnaire (p = 0.007). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of migraine was significantly higher in patients with endometriosis. Because there is a strong correlation, patients with endometriosis should be screened for headache and migraine to increase the benefits of care.

scholarly journals Pattern ERG as a predictor in ocular hypertensive

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paaraj Dave ◽  
Jitendra Jethani
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pattern Erg ◽  
Check Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To report the repeatability of Pattern Electrotretinogram (PERG) and its findings in ocular hypertension (OHT) and normal eyes.Methods: A cross-sectional study where PERG responses were compared between the study group comprising of 80 eyes of 80 patients with intraocular pressure (IOP)>21 mmHg and the control group with 80 eyes of 80 normal individuals (IOP≤21mmHg). The optic disc and the visual fields were normal with a visual acuity of ≥ 0.8 in both groups. PERG was recorded twice for each individual in the control group by a single operator on 2 consecutive days to assess the repeatability.Results: The mean age in the study and control groups was 50.05±10.03 and 54.8±7.66 years(p=0.44) respectively. The mean IOP was 26.55±3.9 mmHg for the study group as opposed to 14.45±2.9 mmHg for the controls (p<0.001). The central corneal thickness and the cup-disc ratio was similar between the groups (p>.05). The P50-N95 amplitude (p=0.01) and the P50 latency (p<0.001) was statistically significantly different between both the groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed poor agreement for all parameters except for N35-P50 0.8 to 16 degree check size amplitude ratio (PERG ratio).Conclusion:  Increase in P50 latency emerges as a new candidate for early glaucoma indicator in addition to reduction in P50-N95 amplitude. PERG parameters suffer from high test-retest variability. Deterioration in PERG recordings should be interpreted with caution. The variability is lesser for the PERG ratio which maybe more meaningful while monitoring for change over time.

scholarly journals Frequency of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alopecia Areata and Control Group Referring to Skin Clinics of Yazd City in 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Ardakani ◽  
Ghasem Dastjerdi ◽  
Sepideh Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yazd City

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a fairly common disease characterized by patchy aria of hair loss. The role of psychological factors in the occurrence of alopecia areata has long been discussed. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of stress and anxiety and depression in the patients with alopecia areata in Yazd City in 2017. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and 50 patients with alopecia areata in Yazd were compared with 50 in the control group in the year 2016. Sampling method was a census and variables, including sex, age, education level, duration of lesion, frequency of relapse, and location of the disease were collected and recorded using a questionnaire. The depression anxiety stress-scale (DASS) (Dass11) questionnaire was used for scoring anxiety, stress and depression. For analyzing the collected data were entered into SPSS version 13. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean age of the participants in the study was 30.27 ± 8.7, the mean duration of lesion was 23.5±53.52 months and the mean recurrence rate was 1.4±2.2. From 100 participants in the study, 36 (36%) were women and 64 (64%) were men. The mean score of depression (6.8 vs 4.6), anxiety score (6.08 vs 3.5) and stress score (10.06 vs 8.06) were found to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, in women and in the age range of 17-29 years, the mean of depression and anxiety scores was significantly different in the two groups (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: According to results, it can be concluded that the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress in the patients with alopecia areata is significantly more than the control group.  

scholarly journals The effect of gamma radiation on plasma levels of zinc and selenium in nuclear medicine staff

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Mahdiyeh Mirnam Niha ◽  
Mehdi Salehi Barough
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background and aims: Gamma radiation is widely being used in medical-imaging centers. The aim of this study was to measure possible alterations in serum zinc and selenium levels among nuclear medicine staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 nuclear medicine staff as well as on 10 individuals as the control group. Blood samples (20 mL) were obtained from the participants and the serum specimens were isolated by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 7 minutes. The samples were then used for measurement of zinc and selenium levels. Zinc and selenium levels were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with a graphite furnace. The mean serum levels of zinc and selenium were compared using SPSS. Results: The mean level of zinc in the radiated group (70.91±14.46 μmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (89.75±17.35 μmol/L) (P=0.002). A negative significant correlation was found between the duration of exposure to radiation and zinc levels (P=0.005). Furthermore, a negative significant relationship was observed between the mean radiation dose after 5 years and zinc concentration (P=0.019). Non-significant difference was found in the mean level of selenium between control (1.71±0.35 μmol/L) and radiation (2.13±1.12 μmol/L) groups. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between selenium level and exposure time. Conclusion: Based on the results, declined level of zinc can be considered as one of the possible mechanisms caused by gamma radiation on cells which may be associated with oxidative damage. Therefore, zinc therapy can be helpful for those who work at medical radiation centers; however, it merits further studies.

scholarly journals Diet and Women Fertility: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Ruaa E Alabd ◽  
Kefah H Abdulmajeed ◽  
Hayder G Oufi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infertile Group

ABSTRACT Aims This work was designed to assess the role of diet and dietary habits on women fertility. Materials and methods This study was carried out in seven different centers and hospitals in Baghdad in the period between January and September 2014. Participants were 400 adult women selected conveniently; their age ranged from 17 to 47 years and they were divided into two groups. Group I included 300 fertile women and group II included 100 infertile women. A specific questionnaire had been designed and used for data collection Results It was found that there was a significant difference in weight and body mass index (BMI) between the infertile group and control group. The mean of weights was 73.07 vs 69.06 kg for infertile and the control group respectively, while the mean BMI was 28.83 vs 26.70 for the infertile group and the control group respectively. Moreover, the infertile women consumed more of carbonated beverages, tea, chicken, and fish than the control group, while they consumed less milk and red meat than the control group. Also, the infertile group consumed less corn oil and olive oil than the control group (5 and 0% vs 21 and 2%) respectively, while they used to consume more solid fat and combined fat than the control group (2 and 6% vs 0 and 2.7%) respectively. Conclusion Although treatment options for infertility are available, their high cost and frequency of adverse events have motivated the identification of dietary factors related to infertility. The current study identified diet as one of the modifiable risk factors that potentially impacts fertility in the selected groups; hence, it is important to focus more on the role of diet in women fertility and increase the awareness of women to it, along with suggesting more educational programs at the primary health care level. How to cite this article Alabd RE, Abdulmajeed KH, Oufi HG. Diet and Women Fertility: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):82-88.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Corvis Biomechanical Index in Keratoconus Screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazle Hanan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Linkage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

Purpose:  To evaluate the accuracy of the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) in screening of patients with Keratoconus. Study Design:  Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Amanat Eye Hospital Peshawar from July 2018 to June 2019. Material and Methods:  One thousand eyes were included in this study. Patients who came for keratorefractive laser procedure or collagen cross linkage were included in the study by convenient sampling technique. Six hundred and eleven patients had early Keratoconus and 389 were normal controls. Control group included those individuals who had visual acuity of 6/6 with no clinical feature of Keratoconus and normal TBI. All individuals included in the study underwent a thorough ocular examination, CBI and TBI tests. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis of collected data. Results: The mean CBI value was 0.3186 ± 0.407 standard deviation (SD), the standard error (SE) of the mean was 0.0129 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.293 to 0.343. The minimum CBI value was 0.00 and the maximum value was 1.00. The mean Tomographic Biomechanical Index (TBI) value was 0.465 ± 0.392 SD, SE was 0.124 with a 95% CI of 0.222 to 0.708. The range of TBI values was 0.00 to 1.00. For CBI, sensitivity was 58.2%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, and negative predictive value was 61.2%. Conclusion:  Although CBI is accurate in terms of specificity and sensitivity, the result should be interpreted in combination with clinical data and other topographic and tomographic parameters.

scholarly journals SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN PREECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Amrita ◽  
Verma Asha ◽  
Bajiya Monika ◽  
Gurjar Anil ◽  
Muhal Poonam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiac System ◽  
New Onset

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a complex multisystem condition. It affects 3-5% of all prenancies.It is defined as new onset hypertension after twenty weeks of pregnancy plus involvement of at least one organ system-renal, hepatic, neurological, hematological, pulmonary or cardiac system or as utero-placental dysfunction Methods: This was a hospital based comparative analytical cross sectional study carried out over 2 years period from may 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College and attached hospitals, Jaipur. Results:  The mean age of cases (27.36 ± 3.66 years) was higher than the controls (23.43 ± 3.23 years). There was not much difference in the distribution of subjects according to residence. In the study group 26 (57.78%) women belonged to urban areas and 19 (42.22%) belonged to rural areas whereas in the control group, 26 (62.22%) women belonged to rural areas and 17 (37.78%) belonged to urban areas. There were more primigravida in pre eclamptic group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Identification of risk factor in the antenatal period helps in early detection of women who are at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Preclampsia, Age, Gravida

scholarly journals Comparison of the Sex Hormones’ Serum Level in Women With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Healthy Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Lavaee ◽  
Zahra Ranjbar ◽  
Mina Jalalian ◽  
Mohammad Amin Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis ◽  
Aphthous Stomatitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sex hormonal serum level in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and compare them with healthy participants.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis who had referred to Shiraz Dental Faculty, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department during 2018-2019. The non -menopause women with recurrence of at least 3 lesions per year were enrolled in this study.The mean serum level of FSH, LH, PRL (prolactin), testosterone, DHT (Dihydrotestosterone), DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), estradiol and progesterone of 30 participants in each group of case and control were measured and compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and independent T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s test.Results: The mean serum level of DHEA-S in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was significantly lower than the control group (p value=0.002). In addition to DHEA-S, the mean serum level of testosterone was lower in the evaluation group although this difference was not significant (p value=0.057).Considering the effect of age on the mean serum level of sex hormones, our results revealed that only DHEA-S mean serum level was decreased by increasing the age of participants in patients with RAS (p value=0.018).The number of participants with abnormal range of testosterone (p value<0.0001) and progesterone (p value=0.037) serum level was significantly more in patients with RAS. The frequency of RAS in a year did not show a significant relationship with the serum level of the evaluated hormones.Conclusion: The patients with RAS had a lower serum level of DHEA-S. The mean serum level of testosterone and progesterone was significantly abnormal in RAS patients.

scholarly journals Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause choroiditis and optic neuropathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110590
Author(s):  
Kürşad Ramazan Zor ◽  
Gamze Yıldırım Biçer ◽  
Nesrin Tutaş Günaydın ◽  
Erkut Küçük ◽  
Uğur Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objectives: We aim to investigate the involvement of the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in COVID-19 patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2020. 40 patients (23 female and 17 male) with COVID-19 and 42 healthy individuals (26 female and 16 male) were included in the study. The OCT scans were performed 4 weeks after the COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: In the COVID-19 group, in the right eyes, the mean nasal choroidal thickness was 295.70 ± 7,046 μm ( p = 0.017), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.25 ± 6,353 μm ( p = 0.003), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 296.63 ± 6,324 μm ( p = 0.039), and mean RNFL was 89.23 ± 1.30 μm ( p = 0.227). In the left eyes, mean nasal choroidal thickness was 287.88 ± 9,033 μm ( p = 0.267), mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 333.80 ± 9,457 μm ( p = 0.013), mean temporal choroidal thickness was 298.50 ± 9,158 μm ( p = 0.079), and mean RNFL was 89.48 ± 1,289 μm ( p = 0.092). Compared with the control group, the patient group had significant thickening of the choroidal thickness in all quadrants of the right eyes, and significant thickening of the subfoveal choroidal thickness in the left eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: COVID-19 may cause a subclinical involvement in the choroidal layer.

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