scholarly journals The patient with epilepsy and medicolegal aspects: a view for the neurologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 741-745
Author(s):  
Amur FERREIRA NETO SEGUNDO ◽  
Maren de Moraes e SILVA ◽  
Pilar Bueno Siqueira MERCER ◽  
Carolina REINERT ◽  
Emerson Faria BORGES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Employment Agreement ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
The Individual ◽  
License Renewal ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Patients with epilepsy face innumerable obstacles in daily life, related to work, permission to drive and interpersonal relationships, which require medical guidance. This paper reports a literature review based on scientific articles and civil and traffic system, as a way to resolve doubts about medical obligations in the patient’s permission to drive and work. An employment agreement requires the contractor to guarantee safety conditions as well as requiring the patient, at the pre-employment medical examination, to let the physician know previous medical conditions, including epilepsy. More than 90% of patients with epilepsy omit this information during the application assessment, thus being subject to imputation of ideological falsehood crime as disposied on article 299 of Brazilian Penal Code. Medical confidentiality breaches may only occur in specific situations. In Brazil, the authorization and driver’s license renewal is governed by the Brazilian Traffic Code (Federal Law n° 9503/1997). For patient evaluations, two groups are considered: those on antiepileptic medication and those on medication withdrawal. A favorable report from the attending physician is also required, in both categories. Seizures that occur exclusively during sleep, and focal aware events or prolonged aura are not differentiated from other seizure types disposed in the traffic law. It is the responsibility of the attending physician to analyze each patient individually to resolve conflicts between public safety and the individual patient’s independence. A frank and honest doctor-patient relationship is essential for the patient to understand the public and individual consequences of epileptic seizures and to feel comfortable seeking medical help.

Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Walker ◽  
Sofia H Eriksson ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Nocturnal Seizures

There is a close association between sleep and epilepsy. In some epilepsy syndromes, seizures occur predominantly (or even exclusively) during sleep or on awakening. Excessive daytime sleepiness is common in patients with epilepsy and may be due not only to medication but also to nocturnal seizures or concomitant sleep disorders. Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea can worsen epilepsy, with improvement of seizure control following appropriate treatment of the sleep disorder. Conversely, epilepsy and antiepileptic medication can worsen sleep disorders. Nocturnal epileptic seizures may be difficult to differentiate from parasomnias, in particular non-rapid eye movement parasomnias such as night terrors, sleepwalking and confusional arousals, on history alone since there are semiological similarities between the two disorders. Schemes have been developed to facilitate differential diagnosis, although this remains a challenge even using the gold standard, video-electroencephalography telemetry.

Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders

US Neurology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Matthew C Walker ◽  
Sofia H Eriksson ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Night Terrors ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Nocturnal Seizures

There is a close association between sleep and epilepsy. In some epilepsy syndromes, seizures occur predominantly (or even exclusively) during sleep or on awakening. Excessive daytime sleepiness is common in patients with epilepsy and may be due not only to medication but also to nocturnal seizures or concomitant sleep disorders. Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea can worsen epilepsy, with improvement of seizure control following appropriate treatment of the sleep disorder. Conversely, epilepsy and antiepileptic medication can worsen sleep disorders. Nocturnal epileptic seizures may be difficult to differentiate from parasomnias, in particular non-rapid eye movement parasomnias such as night terrors, sleepwalking and confusional arousals, on history alone since there are semiologic similarities between the two disorders. Schemes have been developed to facilitate differential diagnosis, although this remains a challenge even using the gold standard, video-electroencephalography telemetry.

The use of progesterone during pregnancy in women with epilepsy as an alternative to the correction of doses of anticonvulsants

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Elena V. Tsallagova ◽  
Vasily O. Generalov ◽  
Timur R. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Pregnancy is the most dangerous period in terms of interruption of even persistent and long-term remission. At the same time increasing the dose of anticonvulsant increases the risk of teratogenic effects. Aim. to assess the possibility of using progesterone to prevent relapse of epileptic seizures during pregnancy. Materials and methods. 38 pregnant patients with epilepsy with clinical remission before pregnancy, with relapse of epileptic seizures in I trimester of pregnancy, age 31.81.4 years. Dydrogesterone in a dose of 10 to 60 mg/day was prescribed after the relapse of remission. Anticonvulsant dosage was not changed. The blood progesterone concentration and EEG control was carried out. Results. During pregnancy, the level of progesterone in the blood gradually increased from 77.8 nmol/l at 78 weeks of pregnancy to 521.1 nmol/l at 3637 weeks of pregnancy, without exceeding the limits. EEG results did not deteriorate. None of the patients had seizures during pregnancy. Conclusion. Progesterone therapy is an adequate and safe alternative to increasing the dose of anticonvulsants in case of recurrent seizures during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Perception about Etiology of Epilepsy and Help-Seeking Behavior in Patients with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Das ◽  
Samar Biswas ◽  
Souvik Dubey ◽  
Durjoy Lahiri ◽  
Biman Kanti Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Tertiary Care Centers ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Objectives Patients with epilepsy and their family have diverse beliefs about the cause of their illness that generally determine their treatment-seeking behavior. In this study, our aim was to find out different beliefs about epilepsy that lead to different help-seeking patterns, which act as barrier to the intended modern medical management of epilepsy. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty consecutive consenting patients accompanied by a reliable informant/family member fulfilling the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES), simplified version, were included. Demographic and clinical data of all the eligible subjects was collected. Perceived cause of illness and help-seeking pattern were explored from patient/informant by administering proper instruments. Results Respondents identified varied causes of epilepsy and explored multiple help-seeking options before reaching tertiary care centers. We observed that, generally, epileptic patients/relatives who had belief in causes like supernatural causes sought help from nonprofessional personnel and those attributed their symptom to bodily pathology had professional help-seeking. Conclusions The belief in supernatural causes not being conformed to the biomedical models of the epileptic disorders increases the treatment gap.

Comparison of Personality Characteristics on the Bear-Fedio Inventory Between Patients With Epilepsy and Those With Non-Epileptic Seizures

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Tremont ◽  
Megan M. Smith ◽  
Lyndsey Bauer ◽  
Michael L. Alosco ◽  
Jennifer D. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

To Help or To Harm? Assessing the Impact of Envy on Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria C. Behler ◽  
Catherine S. J. Wall ◽  
Adriana Bos ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
Harmful Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Two studies examined how envy influences prosocial and antisocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants in an envious state (relative to a neutral state) were less helpful: They picked up fewer dropped pencils in their immediate vicinity. We expanded upon these findings by examining how envy affected both helping and harming behavior in a competitive scenario. In Experiment 2, individuals in envious or neutral states assigned puzzle tasks to another student in a prisoner’s dilemma style scenario. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed via the difficulty of the assigned puzzles (easy puzzles were considered helpful and difficult puzzles were harmful). We hypothesized that experiencing envy would result in greater motive to harm as well as greater likelihood of engaging in harmful behavior. The hypothesis was supported, suggesting that envy has detrimental ramifications that go beyond the individual and extend to interpersonal relationships.

Attachment Theory and Brief Psychotherapy: Applying Current Research to Clinical Interventions

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm West ◽  
Adreenne Sheldon ◽  
Linda Redtfer
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Brief Psychotherapy ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Attachment Relationships ◽  
Attachment Research ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
The Individual

Recent advances in attachment research provide a framework for defining the content and process of brief psychotherapy with adults. Attachment theory emphasizes a number of issues crucial to therapeutic work. Specifically, attachment relationships are enduring components of a individual's pattern of interpersonal behaviours. Functionally, attachment relationships address security needs. Insecure attachment arises from a representational model based on feared loss of the attachment figure, which predisposes the individual to have little confidence in the attachment figure's availability, responsiveness, and permanence. Behavioural responses to insecure attachment can lead to specific patterns of interpersonal relationships which, in turn, strengthen the representational model. Thus, a relatively stable, self-reinforcing system evolves and results in a consistent inability to experience security within attachment relationships. In this article, the authors describe the current framework for understanding adult attachment relationships and present clinical vignettes illustrating the saliency of attachment theory to common clinical presentations. The goal of the clinical intervention is defined as increasing the “permeability” of the individual's working model of attachment through affective and cognitive re-assessment of attachment experiences and expectations. Finally, the utility of this approach in evaluating the outcome and effectiveness of psychotherapy is highlighted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 enzyme levels in patients with epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Halil YASAK ◽  
Mustafa YILMAZ ◽  
Murat GÖNEN ◽  
Metin ATESCELIK ◽  
Mehtap GURGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Objective: Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) enzyme levels were investigated in patients with epilepsy, epileptic seizure, remission period, and healthy individuals. Methods: Three main groups were evaluated, including epileptic seizure, patients with epilepsy in the non-seizure period, and healthy volunteers. The patients having a seizure in the Emergency department or brought by a postictal confusion were included in the epileptic attack group. The patients having a seizure attack or presenting to the Neurology outpatient department for follow up were included in the non-seizure (remission period) group. Results: The UCH-L1 enzyme levels of 160 patients with epilepsy (80 patients with epileptic attack and 80 patients with epilepsy in the non-seizure period) and 100 healthy volunteers were compared. Whereas the UCH-L1 enzyme levels were 8.30 (IQR=6.57‒11.40) ng/mL in all patients with epilepsy, they were detected as 3.90 (IQR=3.31‒7.22) ng/mL in healthy volunteers, and significantly increased in numbers for those with epilepsy (p<0.001). However, whereas the UCH-L1 levels were 8.50 (IQR=6.93‒11.16) ng/mL in the patients with epileptic seizures, they were 8.10 (IQR=6.22‒11.93) ng/mL in the non-seizure period, and no significant difference was detected (p=0.6123). When the UCH-L1 cut-off value was taken as 4.34 mg/mL in Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity detected were 93.75 and 66.00%, respectively (AUG=0.801; p<0.0001; 95%CI 0.747‒0.848) for patients with epilepsy. Conclusion: Even though UCH-L1 levels significantly increased more in patients with epilepsy than in healthy individuals, there was no difference between epileptic seizure and non-seizure periods.

scholarly journals Análisis Del Código Emocional En Los Estudiantes De La Escuela De Ingeniería En Marketing Para Determinar Al Arquetipo Predominante/Analysis of the Emotional Code in the Students of the School of Engineering in Marketing to Determine the Predominant Arch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Antonio Vasco Vasco ◽  
Oscar Parada Gutierrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Montufar Guevara ◽  
Diana Carolina García Mayorga
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Collective Unconscious ◽  
World Model ◽  
The People ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Research Show

Este proyecto investigativo se realizó con el fin de analizar el arquetipo predominante en los estudiantes de Octavo y noveno semestre de la Escuela de Marketing de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, mediante este análisis se identificó el modelo de comunicación que tienen cada uno de los estudiantes con su modelo del mundo característico, los arquetipos aunque no muy populares en un analisis de comportamiento son una herramienta indispensable para la definir la personalidad de los individuos en un contexto determinado y su desenvolvimiento en la sociedad de acuerdo a sus códigos emocionales. El presente estudio busca determinar los arquetipos en los estudiantes de marketing. Se realizaron 41 test con preguntas específicas en temas de aprendizaje, comunicación, relaciones interpersonales, modo de trabajo, flexibilidad mental, entre otros. Se presentó mucho interés en los estudiantes para realizar la entrevista y para identificar algunas características que se encuentran en su inconsciente colectivo. Los principales resultados de la investigación muestran el arquetipo predominante en los estudiantes de la Escuela de Ingeniería en Marketing de la ESPOCH con relación a sus códigos emocionales, que enfoca las características individuales de las personas y sus emociones privadas contenidas. This research project was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the predominant archetype in the students of Eighth and Ninth Semester of the School of Marketing of the Polytechnical Superior School of Chimborazo, through this analysis the model of communication that each one of the students has identified was identified With its characteristic world model, the archetypes, although not very popular in a behavior analysis, are an indispensable tool for defining the personality of individuals in a given context and their development in society according to their emotional codes. The present study seeks to determine the archetypes in marketing students. 42 tests were conducted with specific questions on topics of learning, communication, interpersonal relationships, work mode, mental flexibility, among others. There was a lot of interest in the students to conduct the interview and to identify some characteristics that are found in their collective unconscious. The main results of the research show the predominant archetype in the students of the School of Engineering in Marketing of the ESPOCH in relation to their emotional codes, which focuses on the individual characteristics of the people and their contained private emotions. Palabras claves: Arquetipo, comportamiento, personalidad, relaciones interpersonales. Keywords: Archetype, behavior, personality, interpersonal relationships.

scholarly journals WHETHER INDIVIDUALISM MAKES PEOPLE FROM THE “WEST” HAPPIER AND COLLECTIVISM MAKES PEOPLE FROM THE “EAST” MORE SATISFIED IN LIFE: AN INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6B) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Hữu An ◽  
Lê Duy Mai Phương
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The West ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Determinants of the variation of happiness have long been discussed in social sciences. Recent studies have focused on investigating cultural factors contributing to the level of individual happiness, in which the cultural dimension of individualism (IND) and collectivism (COL) has been drawing the attention of a large number of scholars. At the cultural level of analysis, happiness is associated with personal achievements as well as personal egoism in individualistic cultures, while it is related to interpersonal relationships in collectivistic cultures. Empirical research yields unconventional results at the individual level of analysis, that is, individuals in collectivistic cultures favor IND to be happy, in contrast, people in individualistic cultures emphasize COL be satisfied in life. Using data from the fifth wave of the World Values Survey (WVS), this study takes the cultural dimension of IND and COL at the individual level of analysis to detect its effects on happiness (conceptualized as subjective well-being – SWB) in the comparison between the two cultures. Multiple linear regression models reveal results that individuals from the “West” experience greater happiness when they expose themselves less individualist, while, individuals from the “East” feel more satisfied and happier in their life when they emphasize more on IND or being more autonomous.

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