scholarly journals Ultrasound versus electromyography for the detection of fasciculation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Márcio Luís Duarte ◽  
Wagner Iared ◽  
Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira ◽  
Lucas Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Maria Stella Peccin
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Examination Time ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and electromyography for the detection of fasciculation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and to compare detection rates between the two methods. By searching the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, and Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases, we identified studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and fasciculation detection rates of ultrasound and electromyography. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, version 2, and RTI item bank tools were used for the evaluation of methodological quality. Ultrasound, for 10 s or 30 s, had a higher detection rate than did electromyography in all muscles evaluated. The overall detection rate (in patients) did not differ significantly between ultrasound for 10 s and ultrasound for 30 s. The accuracy of ultrasound for 10 s was 70% in muscles and 85% in patients. The accuracy of ultrasound for 30 s was 82% in patients. Ultrasound provided detection rates superior to those achieved with electromyography, independent of the examination time and muscles evaluated.

scholarly journals The Use of Vitamin D in The Infectious Process in The Hospital Period in Childhood Effective?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-377
Author(s):  
Eliza Miranda Ramos ◽  
Matheus Dullius de Lima ◽  
Jéssica Eloy Cunha Gonzalez ◽  
Gilberto Gonçalves Facco ◽  
Elaine S. de P. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Quality Assessment Method ◽  
Black Scale ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Goals: To verify whether the use of Vitamin D as parallel therapy to hospital and drug treatment can be effective in the process of infectious reduction in hospitalized children. Data source: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, published between 2011 and the first quarter of 2019, in the Cochrane Library, Medline, US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health (PubMed), Literature databases. Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs), Scopus and Web of Science. The studies were scored by the Down and Black scale associated with the quality assessment method according to the Cochrane criteria (RCT). Summary of the data: Of the 1475 studies, 09 were included. There is a direct relationship between Vitamin D level and mortality rate in hospitalized children with infections. Conclusion: This study highlighted that the vitamin D deficiency in children under serum analysis during hospitalization triggers severe immunological changes.

scholarly journals Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of Midkine and AFP for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Lu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Chenlu Lv ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract Objective: Midkine (MDK) has been proposed as one of the most promising markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MDK and α-fetoprotein (AFP) for HCC. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid/EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for all relevant studies up to 18 May 2019. The Revised Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy tool (QUADAS-2) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) of MDK and AFP for detecting HCC were pooled using random-effects model. Results: Seventeen studies from five articles with a total of 1122 HCC patients and 2483 controls were included. The summary estimates using MDK and AFP for detecting HCC were as follows: sensitivity, 85 vs 52%, specificity, 82 vs 94%, and AUC, 0.90 vs 0.83. The summary estimates using MDK and AFP for detecting hepatitis virus-related HCC as follows: sensitivity, 93 vs 74%, specificity, 85 vs 97%, and AUC, 0.95 vs 0.97. The summary estimates using MDK and AFP for detecting early-stage HCC were as follows: sensitivity, 83.5 vs 44.4%, specificity, 81.7 vs 84.8%, and AUC, 0.87 vs 0.52. The summary estimates using MDK for detecting AFP-negative HCC as follows: sensitivity, 88.5%, specificity, 83.9%, and AUC, 0.91. Conclusion: MDK is more accurate than AFP in diagnosing HCC, especially for early-stage HCC and AFP-negative HCC. Both MDK and AFP had excellent diagnostic performance for hepatitis virus-related HCC.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of HPV Detection in Patients with Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1692
Author(s):  
Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen ◽  
Amanda-Louise Fenger Carlander ◽  
Simone Kloch Bendtsen ◽  
Martin Garset-Zamani ◽  
Charlotte Duch Lynggaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Cochrane Library

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) techniques in oropharyngeal cancer. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.org were systematically searched for studies reporting methods of HPV detection. Primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of HPV detection. In this case, 27 studies were included (n = 5488, 41.6% HPV+). In this case, 13 studies evaluated HPV detection in tumour tissue, nine studies examined HPV detection in blood samples and five studies evaluated HPV detection in oral samples. Accuracy of HPV detection in tumour tissue was high for all detection methods, with pooled sensitivity ranging from 81.1% (95% CI 71.9–87.8) to 93.1% (95% CI 87.4–96.4) and specificity ranging from 81.1% (95% CI 71.9–87.8) to 94.9% (95% CI 79.1–98.9) depending on detection methods. Overall accuracy of HPV detection in blood samples revealed a sensitivity of 81.4% (95% CI 62.9–91.9) and a specificity of 94.8% (95% CI 91.4–96.9). In oral samples pooled sensitivity and specificity were lower (77.0% (95% CI 68.8–83.6) and 74.0% (95% CI 58.0–85.4)). In conclusion, we found an overall high accuracy for HPV detection in tumour tissue regardless of the HPV detection method used. HPV detection in blood samples may provide a promising new way of HPV detection.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Tests for Community Transmission Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11451
Author(s):  
Cheng-Chieh Chen ◽  
Shou-Cheng Lu ◽  
Chyi-Huey Bai ◽  
Pei-Yu Wang ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Antigen Tests ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rapid identification and isolation of infectious patients are critical methods to block COVID-19 transmission. Antigen tests can contribute to prompt identification of infectious individuals. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central databases. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in community participants were included. Only English-language articles were reviewed. We included eligible studies that provided available data to construct a 2 × 2 table on a per-patient basis. Overall sensitivity and specificity for antigen tests were generated using a bivariate random-effects model. Eighteen studies with 34,865 participants were retrieved. The meta-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests generated a pooled sensitivity of 0.82 and a pooled specificity of 1.00. A subgroup analysis of ten studies that reported outcomes for 5629 symptomatic participants generated a pooled sensitivity of 0.87 and a pooled specificity of 1.00. Antigen tests might have higher sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients in the community and may be an effective tool to identify patients to be quarantined to prevent further SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Peixoto ◽  
Antonio Jose Grande ◽  
Mariana Bonotto Mallmann ◽  
Antonio Egídio Nardi ◽  
Adriana Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Depression is a mental disorder that affects a large part of the world's population. DHEA is a hormone that has long been attributed to the ability to improve depressive symptoms. However, few studies were conducted with depression individuals not resulting from other medical conditions. Objective: To investigate whether DHEA is more effective than placebo in the treatment of depressive symptoms in subjects with depression not resulting from other psychiatric or medical comorbidities. Methods: An electronic search was carried out using the keywords Dehydroepiandrosterone (Mesh) AND Depression (Mesh) in the following databases: Medical Literature databases Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medical Database (EMBASE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and the Cochrane Library through their website for relevant publications until June 2018. Only randomized clinical trials were included. The critical appraisal of the articles was performed using the Risk of Bias Tool from Cochrane Collaboration. Results: The meta-analysis applied in this review pointed to a significant effect in favor of treatment with DHEA compared to placebo. Conclusion: DHEA may be one more effective alternative between the drugs used in the treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid amplification techniques for rapid diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250470
Author(s):  
Guocan Yu ◽  
Yanqin Shen ◽  
Xudong Xu ◽  
Lihua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Early clinical identification and differentiation of NTM and MTB infections continues to be a major challenge. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have the ability to efficiently and rapidly detect pathogens and are widely used in mycobacterial infections. The objective of this study is to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of NAATs for NTM. Methods We will search candidate studies that assessing the accuracy of NAATs for diagnosis of NTM through PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library until May 2021. Studies with full text that meet the inclusion criteria will be included. Following a revised tool for Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2), two researchers will independently evaluate the study quality. The STATA software (version 15.0) will be used to carry out meta-analyses. When heterogeneity is observed, subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses will be used to explore sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses will be used to check the robustness of analyses. Conclusion We hope that this study will provide meaningful evidence for the early and rapid diagnosis of NAATs for NTM, which will help to guide the treatment of NTM and improve the prognosis of patients.

scholarly journals The diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence and computer-aided diagnosis for the detection and characterisation of colorectal polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scarlet Nazarian ◽  
Ben Glover ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
Julian Teare
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

BACKGROUND Colonoscopy reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer by allowing detection and resection of neoplastic polyps. Evidence shows that many small polyps are missed on a single colonoscopy. There has been a successful adoption of AI technologies to tackle the issues around missed polyps and as a tool to increase adenoma detection rate (ADR). OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of AI-based technologies in assessing colorectal polyps. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using the databases of EMBASE, Medline and the Cochrane Library. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Studies reporting use of computer-aided diagnosis for polyp detection or characterisation during colonoscopy were included. Independent proportion and their differences were calculated and pooled through DerSimonian and Laird random-effects modelling. RESULTS A total of 48 studies were included. The meta-analysis showed a significant increase in pooled PDR in patients with the use of AI for polyp detection during colonoscopy compared with patients who had standard colonoscopy (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.56-1.96; p= 0.0005). When comparing patients undergoing colonoscopy with the use of AI to those without, there was also a significant increase in ADR (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.32-1.77; p= 0005). CONCLUSIONS With the aid of machine learning, there is potential to improve ADR and consequently reduce the incidence of CRC. The current generation of AI-based systems demonstrate impressive accuracy for the detection and characterisation of colorectal polyps. However, this is an evolving field and before its adoption into a clinical setting, AI systems must prove worthy to patients and clinicians. CLINICALTRIAL Prospero registration - CRD42020169786

scholarly journals Characterization of Fasciculation Potentials (FPs) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability Syndromes (PNH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Jiyou Tang
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

This study is aimed at investigating the features of fasciculation potentials (FPs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes (PNH). Needle electrophysiologic examination (EMG) was performed for 5-15 muscles in the ALS and PNH patients. The spontaneous activity of fasciculations and fibrillations/sharp-waves (fibs-sw) was recorded. The distribution, firing frequency, and waveform parameters of FPs in muscles were calculated and compared. In total, 361 muscles in ALS patients and 124 muscles in PNH patients were examined, with the FP detection rates of 45.1% and 53.2%. Moreover, the ALS patients with the upper limb onset had the highest FP detection rate. Fasciculations occurred more frequently in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs in ALS and PNH. The detection rate of fibs-sw in the bulbar muscle was relatively low, which could be elevated when combining fibs-sw and FPs. Benign FPs in PNH were of smaller amplitude, shorter duration, and fewer phases/turns, compared with malignant FPs in ALS. The FP area in PNH was significantly smaller than that in ALS. The incidence of polyphasic FPs in ALS was distinctly greater than that in PNH. The firing frequency of FPs in PNH was higher than that in ALS. There was no significant difference in the amplitude, duration, phases and turns, and area of FPs between groups with and without fibs-sw in the muscles of normal strength in ALS. Conclusively, it is necessary to detect the FPs in the thoracic and bulbar muscles of patients suspected having ALS. FP parameters in ALS are significantly different from PNH.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculous pericarditis: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252109
Author(s):  
Guocan Yu ◽  
Fangming Zhong ◽  
Yanqin Shen ◽  
Hong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Tuberculous Pericarditis ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background Tuberculous pericarditis (TBP) can lead to serious consequences. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for TBP, but early diagnosis is still very challenging. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBP using meta-analysis method. Methods We will search Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang database for researches assessing the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBP until April 2021. Any types of study design with full text will be selected and included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool will be used to assess the risk of bias. We will use version 15.0 of the STATA software with the midas command packages to carry out meta-analyses. Results Evidence for diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBP will be provided through the study, and this protocol will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion This study will provide evidence of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBP.

Statins and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardin Nabizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Balabandian ◽  
Amir Mohammad Sharafi ◽  
Ali Ghaderi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rostami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis
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