CORRELATIONS BETWEEN AGE, WOOD QUALITY AND CHARCOAL QUALITY OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES

ABSTRACT Brazil is world's greater producer of charcoal, and the Brazilian state Minas Gerais presents the greater production of said product. The wood proprieties influence the charcoal quality, making important to know them, it is known that these proprieties vary according to the age of the tree. With that being said, this research aimed to determine the correlations existing between age, the proprieties of the wood and charcoal proprieties. Three Eucalyptus sp. clones from Gerdau S/A were evaluated, at four ages, 3, 4, 5 and 7. From each tree, five discs were removed (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% corresponding to the commercial height of the trunk). We determined the core/sapwood relationship, basic density, chemical composition of the wood, the calorific value of the wood and of the charcoal, the gravimetric yields, apparent relative density and charcoal chemical analysis, in addition to the analysis of the condensable and non-condensable gases. Correlations between age, proprieties of the wood and charcoal were performed. It was observed a negative correlation between the age of the wood and charcoal ashes content, regardless the clones evaluated. A positive correlation between the basic density of the wood and the apparent density of the coal and a positive correlation between the lignin of wood content and the coal apparent density were observed, as well. The siringil/guaiacil relation, which determines the quantity of each type of lignin existent on the wood, presented a negative correlation with the gravimetric yields in charcoal. Therefore, it is concluded that the age of the tree influenced the proprieties of the wood, regardless the clone; the age of the genetic material did not influence the gravimetric yield in charcoal; the GG 680 clone presented greater potential to produce charcoal, considering only the proprieties of the wood.

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Growth, biomass, and energy quality of Acacia mangium timber grown at different spacings

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000700002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 791-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helio Tonini ◽

Dalton Roberto Schwengber ◽

Marina Moura Morales ◽

Ciro Augusto de Souza Magalhães ◽

Jane Maria Franco de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Individual Growth ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Volume Yield ◽

Rotation Age

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effect of spacing on the growth, biomass allocation, and wood quality for energy purposes of Acacia magium. A randomized complete block design was carried out with three replicates and five treatments consisting of trees planted at different spacings: 2.0x2.0, 2.5x2.5, 3.0x2.0, 3.0x2.5, and 3.0x3.0 m. At 67 months after planting, the following species parameters were evaluated: performance (mortality, diameter growth, height, bark factor, and bark and biomass volume yield) and wood energy quality (basic density, higher-calorific value, ash, fixed carbon, and volatile materials) through the analysis of variance. Plant spacing did not affect volume and biomass production per hectare nor wood quality for energy purposes. The widest spacing (3.0x3.0 m) provides better individual growth, and the narrowest one (2.0x2.0 m) produces smaller trees, but with the highest percentage of dry biomass in the trunk, and can show the best energy potential at a rotation age from 40 to 50 months.

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QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201723032286 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 291-297

Author(s):

Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽

Juarez Benigno Paes ◽

Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽

Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽

João Gabriel Missia da Silva

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Normal Wood ◽

Reaction Wood ◽

Opposite Wood ◽

Holocellulose Content

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.

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Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Nurul Chaerani ◽

DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽

ISKANDAR Z SIREGAR ◽

ULFAH J SIREGAR

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Wood Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Progeny Testing ◽

Pilodyn Penetration

Abstract. Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2295-2301. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of growth and wood quality in white jabon progeny test at 54 months old in Parung Panjang, Bogor. The 105 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Wood quality was assessed both in a non-destructive way using a pilodyn and by destructive method using wood sample taker. Results indicated that the mean value ranged from 5.10 to 10.15 m for height, 6.67 to 15.30 cm for diameter, 2.30 to 3.62 cm for pilodyn penetration, 0.66 to 0.82 g/cm3 for wood density, 0.33 to 0.50 for specific gravity, and 66 to 111 % for moisture content, respectively. There were significant differences among 105 families for all traits except moisture content. The high heritability estimate was found for height (0.4-0.69) and basic density (0.27-0.59). Applying 80% selection intensity on diameter and leaving 84 best families in each block will produce a high total genetic gain. Pilodyn penetration had negative correlation with diameter, wood density, and specific gravity.

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Prevalence of symptoms and quality of life of cancer patients

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marina de Góes Salvetti ◽

Caroline Silva Pereira Machado ◽

Suzana Cristina Teixeira Donato ◽

Adriana Marques da Silva

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Loss Of Appetite

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the prevalence of symptoms and their relationship with the quality of life of cancer patients. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with 107 patients evaluated using a sociodemographic instrument, the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and the quality of life scale (EORTC-QLQ-C30). Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and quality of life. Results: prevalence of female patients (56.1%), 55 years as the mean age and 10 years of schooling. Fatigue (76.6%), insomnia (47.7%), pain (42.1%), loss of appetite (37.4%), anxiety (31.8%) and depression (21.5%) were identified. Anxiety and depression symptoms presented a negative correlation with quality of life and positive correlation with physical symptoms. Conclusions: fatigue, insomnia, pain and loss of appetite were the most common and most intense symptoms. Anxiety and depression symptoms presented a negative correlation with quality of life and positive correlation with physical symptoms.

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GROWTH AND ENERGY QUALITY OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD IN DIFFERENT CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i4.59650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1707

Author(s):

Helio Tonini ◽

Marina Moura Morales ◽

Flavio Jesus Wruck ◽

Ronaldo Maran Deliberali

Keyword(s):

Genetic Material ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Basic Density ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

High Yield ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Cropland Area ◽

Eucalyptus Wood

The aim of the present study was to assess the growth and energetic properties of genetic material of eucalyptus grown in several integrated crop-livestock system spatial arrangements in Barra-do-Garças City (MT). The genetic material of 76-month old Eucalyptus spp from eight spatial arrangements were assessed according to the following properties: diameter, height and volume growth, mortality rate, dry matter yield, sapwood to heartwood ratio, form factor, bark volume, basic density, superior calorific value, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and trunk energy. Data analysis was performed by adjusting growth function, test for model identity and parameters equality and ANOVA tests to Scott-Knott’s mean clustering test. Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clones from recorded the highest energy efficiency due to their high yield volume, which was decisive to determine estimated energy available per tree and cropland area. Growth, stem shape and basic density varied among, and within, the same genetic materials, depending on their respective spatial arrangement. However, solid biomass properties (high calorific value, ash content, fixed carbon and volatile matter) remained stable.

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DAMAGE BY DEFOLIATING INSECTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF WOOD FOR CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (7-8) ◽

pp. 933-938

Author(s):

ANTONIO JOSÉ VINHA ZANUNCIO ◽

AMÉLIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽

CARLOS MIGUEL SIMÕES DA SILVA ◽

VINÍCIUS RESENDE DE CASTRO ◽

ANGÉLICA DE CASSIA OLIVEIRA CARNEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Quality ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Basic Density ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Eucalyptus Saligna ◽

B Trees ◽

The Impact ◽

Holocellulose Content

The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating insects on wood quality and charcoal production, and to quantify the losses per hectare according to the charcoal produced. Seven-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (clone A) and Eucalyptus saligna (clone B) trees, both in healthy condition and damaged by defoliating insects, were selected, with five trees to be used per treatment. Wood disks were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height for analyzing the properties of the wood and for preparing and characterizing the charcoal. Damage by defoliating insects decreased the basic density of the trees at all axial positions by up to 23 kg m-3. Also, the extractives and lignin contents increased, while the holocellulose content decreased in the attacked plants. Changes in the wood characteristics led to increased fixed carbon content and gravimetric yield, and a decrease in density. The charcoal productivity from the plants damaged by defoliating insects was lower, mainly because of the decrease in volumetric production.

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QUALITY OF Eucalyptus urograndis CHARCOAL PRODUCED IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.57702 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 691

Author(s):

Raquel Marchesan ◽

Daniela Mendonça ◽

Ana Carolina Caixeta Dias ◽

Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽

José Fernando Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heating Rate ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Basic Density ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Tree Plantation ◽

Final Temperature ◽

Good Energy ◽

Eucalyptus Urograndis

The objective of this work was to determine the quality of the Eucalyptus urophilla x Eucalyptus grandis clone charcoal, defining the basic density and wood retractability, apparent density, breaking index, charcoal yield, condensable and non-condensable gas yield, AQI and calorific values, comparing the results of different trunk positions and in two different heating ramps, ramp 1 (R1) with a heating rate of 1.25 ºC/min, final temperature of 450ºC and total of 6 hours, and ramp 2 (R2) with a heating rate of 1.19 ºC/min, final temperature of 500ºC and total time of 7 hours. The six evaluated trees were from a six-year-old cloned tree plantation located in the municipality of Gurupi, in the south of Tocantins state. The specimens for the characterizations were made from wooden discs removed from three trunk positions (base, DBH, top). The Eucalyptus urograndis wood presented basic density considered average (0.47 g/cm³) and good dimensional stability. The charcoal presented an expected yield and high calorific value influenced by the final temperature of the heating ramps, high fixed carbon content, acceptable ash content, as well as a low breaking rate. The results were satisfactory and identified the species as a good energy source.

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Predictors of the Relationship Between the Duration of Cancer and Care Time with the Supportive Care Needs of Patients and the Quality of Life of Their Caregivers: A Path Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-498726/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Maryam Attari ◽

Zohreh mahmoodi ◽

Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh Nimekari ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Yaghoub Ashouri taziani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Supportive Care ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Direct Path ◽

Care Needs ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Supportive Needs

Abstract Background Breast cancer patients face various material, and the mutual impact of patients and caregivers on each other show the need for further supportive care from the community and family. This study aimed to identify the predictors of the direct and indirect relationships of the duration of cancer and care time with the supportive needs of the patients and the quality of life of their family caregivers.Methods This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 150 patients and their caregivers in Iran. Data were collected using the Supportive Care Needs Survey-short form (SCNS-SF34), the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) scale, and a socio-demographic checklist and were then analyzed in SPSS-24 and Lisrel-8.8 software using descriptive-analytical statistics and path analysis.Results The mean age of the patients and caregivers was 45.76±10.44 and 43.46±9.5, respectively. Based on the test results, the duration of cancer was positively correlated with the total score of supportive needs in both paths (B=0.799). The patients’ sexuality needs had the highest negative correlation with their duration of cancer in the direct path (B=-0.87) and psychological needs the highest negative correlation in the indirect path (B=-0.32). The care time (in hours) had the highest positive correlation with the total score of supportive needs (B=15.6) in both the direct and indirect paths, and the highest positive correlation with physical needs in the direct path (B=10.65). The caregivers’ quality of life had a negative and direct relationship with the duration of cancer (B=-0.27) and there was a positive and direct relationship between care time and the caregivers’ quality of life (B=3.09). Conclusions Duration of cancer and care time had the highest positive correlation with the patients’ supportive needs, and the caregivers’ quality of life had a negative correlation with the duration of cancer and a positive correlation with care time. It is therefore vital to emphasize the design and implementation of supportive care programs for breast cancer patients and their family caregivers.

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Predictors of the Relationship Between the Duration of Cancer and Care Time With the Supportive Care Needs of Patients and the Quality of Life of Their Caregivers: A Path Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-498726/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Maryam Attari ◽

Zohreh mahmoodi ◽

Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh Nimekari ◽

Malihe Nasiri ◽

Yaghoub Ashouri taziani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Supportive Care ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Direct Path ◽

Care Needs ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Supportive Needs

Abstract Background: Breast cancer patients face various material, physical and psychological problems. The growing trend of breast cancer in Iran, the referral of patients in the advanced stages of the disease, and the mutual impact of patients and caregivers on each other show the need for further supportive care from the community and family. This study aimed to identify the predictors of the direct and indirect relationships of the duration of cancer and care time with the supportive needs of the patients and the quality of life of their family caregivers.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 150 patients and their caregivers in Iran. Data were collected using the Supportive Care Needs Survey-short form (SCNS-SF34), the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) scale, and a socio-demographic checklist and were then analyzed in SPSS-24 and Lisrel-8.8 software using descriptive-analytical statistics and path analysis.Results: The mean age of the patients and caregivers was 45.76±10.44 and 43.46±9.5, respectively. Based on the test results, the duration of cancer was positively correlated with the total score of supportive needs in both paths (B=0.799). The patients’ sexuality needs had the highest negative correlation with their duration of cancer in the direct path (B=-0.87) and psychological needs the highest negative correlation in the indirect path (B=-0.32). The care time (in hours) had the highest positive correlation with the total score of supportive needs (B=15.6) in both the direct and indirect paths, and the highest positive correlation with physical needs in the direct path (B=10.65). The caregivers’ quality of life had a negative and direct relationship with the duration of cancer (B =-0.27) and there was a positive and direct relationship between care time and the caregivers’ quality of life (B=3.09). Conclusions: Duration of cancer and care time had the highest positive correlation with the patients’ supportive needs, and the caregivers’ quality of life had a negative correlation with the duration of cancer and a positive correlation with care time. It is therefore vital to emphasize the design and implementation of supportive care programs for breast cancer patients and their family caregivers.

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Quality of wood and pulp from a clone of Eucalyptus grandis planted at three locations

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602011000100006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cláudio Angeli Sansígolo ◽

Éder da Silva Ramos

Keyword(s):

Wood Quality ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Basic Density ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Chemical Analyses

Eucalyptus grandis is one of the most popular species to use as raw material for pulp production in Brazil, as it provides excellent pulping, bleaching and papermaking results. The main objective of this study is to examine the quality of wood and pulp from a clone of Eucalyptus grandis, at age 4 years approximately, planted in three different soils, two of which being low fertility and one being a superior fertility soil, and their reflections on wood quality and pulping results. Chemical analyses of the soils followed guidelines developed by Raij et al. (2001), while physical and chemical properties of the wood followed ABTCP, TAPPI and ABNT standards. Chemical analyses of the soils pointed to lower fertility in Fazenda Limeira and Fazenda Tapera Queimada as opposed to higher fertility in Fazenda Mendes União. Results revealed stronger tendencies for the stand grown in the less fertile soils (Fazenda Limeira and Fazenda Tapera Queimada) in comparison to the stand grown in more fertile soil (Fazenda Mendes União) as to: higher wood and bark basic density, lower height and dry matter content, higher bark content, lower extractives content and higher holocellulose content, higher total and screened yields from pulping, lower specific wood consumption/t of pulp, and higher tear and tensile indices at low refining levels.

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