scholarly journals Growth, biomass, and energy quality of Acacia mangium timber grown at different spacings

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Tonini ◽  
Dalton Roberto Schwengber ◽  
Marina Moura Morales ◽  
Ciro Augusto de Souza Magalhães ◽  
Jane Maria Franco de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Rotation Age

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the effect of spacing on the growth, biomass allocation, and wood quality for energy purposes of Acacia magium. A randomized complete block design was carried out with three replicates and five treatments consisting of trees planted at different spacings: 2.0x2.0, 2.5x2.5, 3.0x2.0, 3.0x2.5, and 3.0x3.0 m. At 67 months after planting, the following species parameters were evaluated: performance (mortality, diameter growth, height, bark factor, and bark and biomass volume yield) and wood energy quality (basic density, higher-calorific value, ash, fixed carbon, and volatile materials) through the analysis of variance. Plant spacing did not affect volume and biomass production per hectare nor wood quality for energy purposes. The widest spacing (3.0x3.0 m) provides better individual growth, and the narrowest one (2.0x2.0 m) produces smaller trees, but with the highest percentage of dry biomass in the trunk, and can show the best energy potential at a rotation age from 40 to 50 months.

scholarly journals Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Chaerani ◽  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
ISKANDAR Z SIREGAR ◽  
ULFAH J SIREGAR
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Pilodyn Penetration

Abstract. Chaerani N, Sudrajat DJ, Siregar IZ, Siregar UJ. 2019. Growth performance and wood quality of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) progeny testing at Parung Panjang, Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2295-2301. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of growth and wood quality in white jabon progeny test at 54 months old in Parung Panjang, Bogor. The 105 half-sib families obtained from 12 provenances were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Wood quality was assessed both in a non-destructive way using a pilodyn and by destructive method using wood sample taker. Results indicated that the mean value ranged from 5.10 to 10.15 m for height, 6.67 to 15.30 cm for diameter, 2.30 to 3.62 cm for pilodyn penetration, 0.66 to 0.82 g/cm3 for wood density, 0.33 to 0.50 for specific gravity, and 66 to 111 % for moisture content, respectively. There were significant differences among 105 families for all traits except moisture content. The high heritability estimate was found for height (0.4-0.69) and basic density (0.27-0.59). Applying 80% selection intensity on diameter and leaving 84 best families in each block will produce a high total genetic gain. Pilodyn penetration had negative correlation with diameter, wood density, and specific gravity.

scholarly journals The effect of adding rice straw charcoal to the processing of bio-pellet from cacao pod husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Retno Damayanti ◽  
Sandra Sandra ◽  
Novita Riski Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk

Cacao pod husk and rice straw charcoal are potentially transformed into bio-pellet because of their high calorific value. Cocoa pod husk and rice straw charcoal has a calorific value of 4974.837 cal/g and 3569.837 cal/g, respectively. This research aimed to identify the effect of variations in particle size and in the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal on the calorific value of bio-pellet. Randomized block design factorial were employed in this study with factor of the addition ratio of rice straw charcoal and cacao pod husk (i.e. 0%:100%, 20% : 80%, 40% : 60%) and the particle size (i.e. 20, 40, 60 and 80 mesh). The results showed that rice straw charcoal addition resulted bio-pellet with the calorific value of 4111.93 – 4706.57 cal/g, and fulfill the SNI of bio-pellet (SNI 8021-2014). The treatment with addition of 100% cocoa pod husk and 80 mesh particle size generated the superior quality of bio-pellet. The findings confirmed that addition of rice straw charcoal did not enhance the energy potential (i.e. calorific value) of the bio-pellets, hence it is unfavourable option.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS BETWEEN AGE, WOOD QUALITY AND CHARCOAL QUALITY OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Neves Mendes Castro ◽  
Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos ◽  
Ana Marcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Density ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wood Content

ABSTRACT Brazil is world's greater producer of charcoal, and the Brazilian state Minas Gerais presents the greater production of said product. The wood proprieties influence the charcoal quality, making important to know them, it is known that these proprieties vary according to the age of the tree. With that being said, this research aimed to determine the correlations existing between age, the proprieties of the wood and charcoal proprieties. Three Eucalyptus sp. clones from Gerdau S/A were evaluated, at four ages, 3, 4, 5 and 7. From each tree, five discs were removed (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% corresponding to the commercial height of the trunk). We determined the core/sapwood relationship, basic density, chemical composition of the wood, the calorific value of the wood and of the charcoal, the gravimetric yields, apparent relative density and charcoal chemical analysis, in addition to the analysis of the condensable and non-condensable gases. Correlations between age, proprieties of the wood and charcoal were performed. It was observed a negative correlation between the age of the wood and charcoal ashes content, regardless the clones evaluated. A positive correlation between the basic density of the wood and the apparent density of the coal and a positive correlation between the lignin of wood content and the coal apparent density were observed, as well. The siringil/guaiacil relation, which determines the quantity of each type of lignin existent on the wood, presented a negative correlation with the gravimetric yields in charcoal. Therefore, it is concluded that the age of the tree influenced the proprieties of the wood, regardless the clone; the age of the genetic material did not influence the gravimetric yield in charcoal; the GG 680 clone presented greater potential to produce charcoal, considering only the proprieties of the wood.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Holocellulose Content

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE TRÊS MADEIRAS NATIVAS DO CERRADO GOIANO VISANDO À UTILIZAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-624
Author(s):  
Humberto Fauller De Siqueira ◽  
Evelym Poliana Santos Patrício ◽  
Michael Douglas Roque Lima ◽  
José Benedito Guimarães Junior ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Longitudinal Position

Estudos que visem ampliar o conhecimento das madeiras oriundas do cerrado podem contribuir com o correto manejo das espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal de três espécies do cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Amburana cearensis) para fins energéticos. Foram amostradas duas árvores por espécie e, destas, foram retirados discos da base, a 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura total. Para a madeira, determinou-se longitudinalmente a densidade básica, composição química, estoque de carbono, poderes caloríficos superior (PCS) e inferior (PCI) e densidade energética. As carbonizações da madeira foram realizadas em forno elétrico, com temperatura final de 450 ºC e taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC.min-1. A posição longitudinal de amostragem não influenciou a densidade da madeira. A madeira de M. urundeuva apresentou maior densidade básica e PCS, bem como menor teor de materiais voláteis. O carvão da espécie T. vulgaris apresentou a menor densidade aparente (298 kg.m-3) e baixo teor de cinzas (1,14%), porém elevado teor de carbono fixo e PCS. O carvão vegetal da espécie M. urundeuva se destacou com elevada densidade relativa aparente (475 kg.m-3). A ordem das melhores espécies é: M. urundeuva, A. cearensis e T. vulgaris. Palavras-chave: energia renovável; espécies nativas; potencial energético; qualidade do carvão.   ASSESSMENT OF THREE NATIVE WOODS FROM CERRADO OF GOIÁS FOR THE ENERGY PURPOSES   ABSTRACT: Studies aimed at expanding the knowledge of woods from cerrado can contribute to the correct management of the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of wood and charcoal of three species from cerrado (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva, and Amburana cearensis) for energy purposes. Two trees per species were sampled and, from these, disks were removed from the base, at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total height. For wood, the properties basic density, chemical analysis, carbon stock, higher (HHV) and lower (LHV) heating values were determined longitudinally. Carbonizations were carried out in a muffle furnace with a final temperature of 450 ºC and heating rate of 1.67 ºC.min-1. There was no effect of longitudinal position under the wood basic density. Myracrodruon urundeuva wood had the highest basic density and HHV, as well as the lowest content of volatile matters. The Tachigali vulgaris charcoal had the lowest bulk density (298 kg.m-3) and low ash content (1.14%), but a high content of fixed carbon and HHV. Charcoal of the species M. urundeuva stood out with high apparent relative density (475 kg.m-3). The order of the best species is M. urundeuva, A. cearensis, and T. vulgaris. Keywords: renewable energy; native species; energy potential; charcoal quality.

scholarly journals VARIAÇÃO LONGITUDINAL E EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA MASSA ESPECÍFICA BÁSICA DA MADEIRA DE Mimosa scabrella E Ateleia glazioveana

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Magda Lea Bolzan Zanon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Technological Characteristic ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Axial Variation ◽  
Set Up

 Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variação longitudinal e o efeito do espaçamento de plantio na massa específica básica das árvores de Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, aos 36 meses de idade. Analisou-se um experimento instalado em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos em função dos espaçamentos (2,0x1,0 m, 2,0x1,5 m, 3,0x1,0 m e 3,0x1,5 m). Foram avaliadas 72 árvores, sendo essas medidas e cubadas pelo método de Smalian. Em seguida, foram retirados discos nas posições do tronco: 0,10 m (base), 1,30 m do solo (DAP – Diâmetro a Altura do Peito), 25%, 50% e 75% da altura total da árvore, para determinação da massa específica básica. A massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella apresentou um decréscimo até a região do DAP, seguido de acréscimo, sem tendência de estabilização com a altura. A Ateleia glazioveana apresentou uma tendência de decréscimo no sentido base-topo das árvores. Os espaçamentos influenciaram a variação da massa específica básica em árvores de Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana, não sendo verificada uma variação sistemática positiva ou negativa em relação ao espaço vital proporcionado.Palavras-chave:  Variação axial; característica tecnológica da madeira; qualidade da madeira; espaçamento de plantio. AbstractLongitudinal variation and effect of spacing on basic density wood of Mimosa scabrella and Ateleia glazioveana. This study aimed to evaluate the variation in length and effect of spacing of the basic density of Mimosa scabrella Benth e Ateleia glazioveana Baill, trees with 36 months of age. We analyzed an experiment set up in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were defined by the spacing (2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m, 3.0x1.5 m). 72 trees were evaluated, and these measures and scaled by the method of Smalian. Then, the disks were removed from the trunk positions: 0.10 m (base), 1.30 m (DAP - diameter at breast height), 25%, 50% and 75% of the total height of the tree, determining the basic density. The basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella showed a decrease to the region of the DAP, followed by addition, without a tendency to stabilize with time. The Ateleia glazioveana showed a decreasing trend towards bottom-up tree. The spacing influenced the variation of basic density in trees of Mimosa scabrella e Ateleia glazioveana not been verified a systematic positive or negative trend in relation to the living space provided. Keywords: Axial variation; technological characteristic of wood; wood quality; planting space.

scholarly journals DAMAGE BY DEFOLIATING INSECTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF WOOD FOR CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
ANTONIO JOSÉ VINHA ZANUNCIO ◽  
AMÉLIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽  
CARLOS MIGUEL SIMÕES DA SILVA ◽  
VINÍCIUS RESENDE DE CASTRO ◽  
ANGÉLICA DE CASSIA OLIVEIRA CARNEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
B Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Holocellulose Content

The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating insects on wood quality and charcoal production, and to quantify the losses per hectare according to the charcoal produced. Seven-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (clone A) and Eucalyptus saligna (clone B) trees, both in healthy condition and damaged by defoliating insects, were selected, with five trees to be used per treatment. Wood disks were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height for analyzing the properties of the wood and for preparing and characterizing the charcoal. Damage by defoliating insects decreased the basic density of the trees at all axial positions by up to 23 kg m-3. Also, the extractives and lignin contents increased, while the holocellulose content decreased in the attacked plants. Changes in the wood characteristics led to increased fixed carbon content and gravimetric yield, and a decrease in density. The charcoal productivity from the plants damaged by defoliating insects was lower, mainly because of the decrease in volumetric production.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE FINAL CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF FIVE SPECIES OF CERRADO

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Gabriella Alves Mendes ◽  
Lorrainy Azevedo de Carvalho ◽  
Wendel Marciano Freitas Lima dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hydrostatic Balance ◽  
Vatairea Macrocarpa

The objective of the research was to characterize the energetic properties of the charcoal from species from the cerrado sensu stricto, as well as to evaluate the effect of the final carbonization temperature. Five species were selected for study. Ten specimens were obtained from the logs of each species, submitted to two treatments with five replicates each. The basic density of the wood was calculated by the hydrostatic balance method. The charcoal was produced by the pyrolysis process of the wood in a muffle furnace adapted to capture the pyrolignous liquor, in which two heating speeds were used with final temperatures of 500 °C and 550 °C. Through the pyrolysis process, the total gravimetric yield of the coal, yield in condensable gas, and non-condensable gas were obtained. The apparent density, the immediate chemical analysis (ICA) of the charcoal was determined and, finally, its calorific value was calculated. The YC presented acceptable values for the species Terminalia glabrescens (35.43%) and Vatairea macrocarpa (32.59%). The volatile material content of Vatairea macrocarpa (22.53%) presented satisfactory values. Fixed carbon, ash and heat content were also considered acceptable for the species Terminalia glabrescens (74.43%, 0.96% 7457.40 kcal.kg-¹), Vatairea macrocarpa (75.21% 0.55% and 7443.57 kcal.kg-¹) and Xylopia aromatica (74.27%, 0.67% and 7365.56 kcal.kg-¹), presenting high energy potential. The YC, YL and YNNC were influenced by the heating speeds as well as the content of volatile materials. The recommended final carbonization temperature is 550 °C.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF Eucalyptus urograndis CHARCOAL PRODUCED IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TOCANTINS

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Raquel Marchesan ◽  
Daniela Mendonça ◽  
Ana Carolina Caixeta Dias ◽  
Renata Carvalho da Silva ◽  
José Fernando Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

The objective of this work was to determine the quality of the Eucalyptus urophilla x Eucalyptus grandis clone charcoal, defining the basic density and wood retractability, apparent density, breaking index, charcoal yield, condensable and non-condensable gas yield, AQI and calorific values, comparing the results of different trunk positions and in two different heating ramps, ramp 1 (R1) with a heating rate of 1.25 ºC/min, final temperature of 450ºC and total of 6 hours, and ramp 2 (R2) with a heating rate of 1.19 ºC/min, final temperature of 500ºC and total time of 7 hours. The six evaluated trees were from a six-year-old cloned tree plantation located in the municipality of Gurupi, in the south of Tocantins state. The specimens for the characterizations were made from wooden discs removed from three trunk positions (base, DBH, top). The Eucalyptus urograndis wood presented basic density considered average (0.47 g/cm³) and good dimensional stability. The charcoal presented an expected yield and high calorific value influenced by the final temperature of the heating ramps, high fixed carbon content, acceptable ash content, as well as a low breaking rate. The results were satisfactory and identified the species as a good energy source.

scholarly journals Effect of age and plant spacing on the energy properties of black wattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Rômulo Trevisan ◽  
Rafaelo Balbinot
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Effect Of Age

The aim of this study was to determine the effect on the energy properties of different biomass components of Acacia mearnsii De Wild distributed in different plant spacings: 2.0x1.0 m, 2.0x1.5 m, 3.0x1.0 m and 3.0x1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th years after planting. The experiment was performed in a complete randomized block design in three replicates. The following traits were determined: biomass (BIO), gross calorific value (GCV), basic density (BD), energy productivity (EP), energy density (ED), fixed carbon content (FCC), volatile material content (VMC) and ash content (AC) of different biomass components: wood, bark, branch and leaf. The effect of age significantly influenced all variables, providing an increasing distribution of BIO, EP, BD and ED. The four plant spacings provided different yields of BIO, EP, GCV and BD and the increased spacing caused a tendency to reduce BIO and EP values in all evaluated periods. In the 5th year, even being influenced by the spacing, the BD did not present a systematic increase or decrease over the provided living space. The three components of the trees induced a significant effect on the BIO, GCV, EP, FCC, VMC and AC variables.

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