Genetic diversity in populations of Maytenus dasyclada (Celastraceae) in forest reserves and unprotected Araucaria forest remnants

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future Slovenia has a small number of old-growth forest remnants, as well as many forest reserves approaching old-growth conditions. In this paper, we describe some of the basic characteristics of these old-growth remnants and the history of their protection in Slovenia. We then trace the long-term development of research in these old-growth remnants, with a focus on methodological changes. We also review some of the recent findings from old-growth research in Slovenia and discuss future research needs. The conceptual understanding of how these forests work has slowly evolved, from thinking of them in terms of stable systems to more dynamic and unpredictable ones due to the influence of natural disturbances and indirect human influences. In accordance with this thinking, the methods used to study old-growth forests have changed from descriptions of stand structure to studies that address natural processes and ecosystem functions.

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Impacts of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity in a tropical forest butterfly on Borneo

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467407004543 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 623-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Suzan Benedick ◽

Thomas A. White ◽

Jeremy B. Searle ◽

Keith C. Hamer ◽

Nazirah Mustaffa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Time Delay ◽

Habitat Fragmentation ◽

Forest Fragmentation ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

Mtdna Diversity

Many areas of rain forest now exist as habitat fragments, and understanding the impacts of fragmentation is important for determining the viability of populations within forest remnants. We investigated impacts of forest fragmentation on genetic diversity in the butterfly Mycalesis orseis (Satyrinae) in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). We investigated mtDNA diversity in 90 individuals from ten forest sites typical of the sizes of forest remnants that currently exist in the region. Nucleotide diversity declined with increasing isolation of remnants, but there was no effect of remnant size or population size, and haplotype diversity was similar among sites. Thus, approximately 50 y after forest fragmentation, few changes in genetic diversity were apparent and remnants apparently supported genetically viable populations of this butterfly. Many studies have shown that responses of species to habitat fragmentation usually follow a time delay, and so we developed a Monte Carlo simulation model to investigate changes in genetic diversity over time in small remnants. Model output indicated a substantial time delay (> 100 y) between fragmentation and genetic erosion, suggesting that, in the smallest study remnants, an increased risk of extinction from reduced genetic diversity is likely in the longer term.

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Floristic composition and dispersal syndromes in Araucaria Forest remnants in the municipality of Colombo, Paraná state, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.5.1771 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafael Fernando da Silva Possete ◽

Sandra Bos Mikich ◽

Gerdt Guenther Hatschbach ◽

Osmar Dos Santos Ribas ◽

Dieter Liebsch

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Life Forms ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Dispersal Syndromes ◽

Forest Remnants

This study was conducted in Araucaria Forest remnants in the municipality of Colombo, eastern Paraná state, Brazil. Data on species occurrence, life forms and dispersal syndromes were collected once a week along a 9 km transect, revealing the presence of 512 species among trees (n = 135), shrubs (n = 121), herbs (n = 157), climbers (n = 70), epiphytes (n = 24) and hemiparasites (n = 5). Of 469 species classified according to dispersal syndromes, 42.4% were zoochoric, 33.6% autochoric and 23.8% anemochoric. The high richness observed, the highest among similar studies previously conducted in the Araucaria Forest, along with the occurrence of endangered species of trees (and mammals), indicates that the study area is an important remnant for biodiversity conservation.

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Assessing the genetic diversity of Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants - an important step towards reforestation efforts

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860202172008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

Author(s):

Micheli Sossai Spadeto ◽

Thais Lazarino Maciel ◽

Tatiana Tavares Carrijo ◽

Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽

Milene Miranda Praça Fontes

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Native Species ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

High Production

Abstract The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.

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Butterfly Diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2012/481509 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. B. Théodore Munyuli

Keyword(s):

Abundant Species ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Line Transect ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Forest Reserves ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

Study Sites ◽

One Year

The aim of this study was to collect information about the diversity of butterfly communities in the mixed coffee-banana mosaic (seminatural, agricultural) landscapes of rural central Uganda. Data were collected for one year (2006) using fruit-bait traps, line transect walk-and-counts, and hand nets. A total of 56,315 individuals belonging to 331 species, 95 genera, and 6 families were sampled. The most abundant species wasBicyclus safitza(14.5%) followed byAcraea acerata(6.3%),Catopsilia florella(6.5%) andJunonia sophia(6.1%). Significant differences in abundance, species richness, and diversity of butterflies occurred between the 26 study sites. Farmland butterflies visited a variety of habitats within and around sites, but important habitats included woodlands, fallows, hedgerows, swampy habitats, abandoned gardens, and home gardens. The highest diversity and abundance of butterflies occurred in sites that contained forest remnants. Thus, forest reserves in the surrounding of fields increased the conservation values of coffee-banana agroforestry systems for butterflies. Their protection from degradation should be a priority for policy makers since they support a species-rich community of butterflies pollinating cultivated plants. Farmers are encouraged to protect and increase on-farm areas covered by complex traditional agroforests, linear, and nonlinear seminatural habitats to provide sufficient breeding sites and nectar resources for butterflies.

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ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DE CURITIBA (PR, BRASIL) COMO SUMIDOUROS DE CO2

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.27380 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana Baladelli Ribeiro ◽

Marília Borgo ◽

Leila Teresinha Maranho

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Public Investment ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

Available Information ◽

The City ◽

And Storage

A conservação de fragmentos florestais é extremamente necessária para garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade, além de assegurar o armazenamento de carbono contido na biomassa e nos solos. O município de Curitiba (PR, Brasil) possui 52 áreas protegidas municipais com remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) em diferentes estágios de conservação, as quais contribuem para a manutenção da biodiversidade, melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores e também auxiliam na mitigação das mudanças climáticas, pois estocam grandes quantidades de carbono nos diversos componentes florestais. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a importância dos fragmentos florestais de Curitiba na manutenção dos estoques de carbono de forma associada à sua importância para a preservação da biodiversidade, o que pode servir de incentivo para o investimento público nessas áreas e de estímulo a outros municípios para a criação e manutenção de UCs. O estoque de carbono contido nos remanescentes florestais do município (1.159.259,60 t C) reforça a importância da conservação de remanescentes de vegetação nativa, ainda que em meio ao ambiente urbano.Palavras-chave: Carbono; desmatamento evitado; Floresta com Araucária; áreas verdes urbanas. AbstractProtected Areas in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, as carbon sinks.Conservation of forest’s fragments is extremely necessary to ensure maintenance of biodiversity and storage of carbon. There are currently 52 protected areas (PAs) in Curitiba municipality, located in Parana State – Brazil, with remnants of Araucaria Forest at different stages of conservation contributing to maintenance of biodiversity, improving quality of life of residents and also assisting in prevention of climate change as the aforementioned areas store large amounts of carbon in a range of forest components. In 2009, Curitiba conducted a research to estimate the carbon stock of forest fragments. The present research was carried out in order to evaluate the importance of these fragments in the maintenance of carbon stocks, associated to the preservation of biodiversity, which may be an incentive for public investment in these areas and encouragement to other municipalities for the creation and maintenance of PAs. Based on available information on the carbon contained in forest remnants of the city, it was identified that the total of those areas involves a stock of 1,159,259.60 t C, which reinforces the importance of maintaining native vegetation even in urban environment. Keywords: Carbon; deforestation prevention; Araucaria Forest; urban protected areas.

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Priority setting for conservation in south-west Cameroon based on large mammal surveys

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605307001743 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. F. Forboseh ◽

T. C. H. Sunderland ◽

M. Eno-Nku

Keyword(s):

Large Mammals ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Large Mammal ◽

Forest Reserves ◽

Community Interest ◽

Mammal Fauna ◽

South West ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

High Conservation ◽

Key Sites

AbstractThe forests of the Cameroon-Nigeria transboundary region have been highlighted as a high conservation priority, yet many of the extant forest remnants remain relatively unknown, particularly with regard to the occurrence of large mammals. Between 2002 and 2004 we surveyed the large mammal fauna of the Mone and Ejagham Forest Reserves and the Upper Banyang, Nkwende Hills and Etinde forests of south-west Cameroon. Our objective was to document the extant large mammal species as an important step in the review of government priorities to identify key sites within the region for conservation and management. We reviewed the available literature on mammal distribution and then surveyed the forests for mammal and human signs. Despite a growing illegal commercial trade in wildlife, particularly for bushmeat, many sites retain populations of one or more threatened and locally rare large mammal species of significant conservation importance. Moreover, the sites collectively complement each other in terms of their representation of the threatened large mammal fauna. An emphasis on the enforcement of wildlife legislation and minimizing logging impact are of primary importance for the conservation of large mammals in these and other forest remnants in south-west Cameroon. In addition, at some sites, there already exists community interest in active wildlife management.

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New insights on spatial genetic structure and diversity of Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae) in Upper Guinea based on old herbaria

Plant Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.5091/plecevo.2020.1584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 82-100

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Labouisse ◽

Philippe Cubry ◽

Frédéric Austerlitz ◽

Ronan Rivallan ◽

Hong Anh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

History Of ◽

Genetic Structure And Diversity

Backgrounds and aims – Previous studies showed that robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner), one of the two cultivated coffee species worldwide, can be classified in two genetic groups: the Guinean group originating in Upper Guinea and the Congolese group in Lower Guinea and Congolia. Although C. canephora of the Guinean group is an important resource for genetic improvement of robusta coffee, its germplasm is under-represented in ex situ gene banks and its genetic diversity and population structure have not yet been investigated. Methods – To overcome the limitations of living collections, we explored old herbarium specimens collected in Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire and conserved at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. First, we reviewed the history of collection missions in both countries and how the C. canephora herbaria from the Muséum were assembled. Then, using 23 nuclear microsatellite markers, factorial and model-based Bayesian analyses, we investigated the genetic diversity of 126 specimens and 36 controls, analysed their distribution among the Congolese and Guinean groups, and estimated admixture proportions for each individual.Key results – For the first time, we detected population genetic structure within the Guinean group of C. canephora. The Guinean genotypes can be assigned to five sub-groups with distinct geographic distribution, especially in Guinea where two sub-groups (Maclaudii and Gamé) are characterized by a low level of admixture due to geographical isolation.Conclusions – We showed how combining a literature review and genetic data from old herbarium specimens can shed light on previous observations made by botanists and guide further actions to better preserve native coffee plants in forest remnants of West Africa.

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