Effect of EDTA and QMIX Ultrasonic Activation on the Reduction of Microorganisms and Endotoxins in Ex Vivo Human Root Canals

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of QMiX and 17% EDTA associated to passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or manual agitation (MA) on the reduction of E. faecalis, E. coli and LPS from root canals. Forty single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=10), according to the final irrigation protocol: EDTA+MA, QMiX+MA, EDTA+PUI, QMiX+PUI. Sample collections were obtained from the root canal content immediately before preparation (baseline-S1), after instrumentation (S2), after final irrigation protocol (S3) and 7 days after instrumentation and final irrigation (S4). The antimicrobial effectivity and on endotoxin content were analyzed by culture procedure (CFU/mL) and LAL assay (EU/mL), respectively. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman test (α=5%). QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI reduced 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis bacteria and also prevented E. faecalisregrowth at S4. EDTA significantly reduced E. coli, but it was not effective in reducing E. faecalis. All protocols reduced EU/mL when compared to S1, however at S4 there was a significant reduction of EU/mL only in the QMiX+MA and QMiX+PUI groups in relation to S3 and S2, respectively. Final irrigation with QMiX associated with MA or PUI had superior antibacterial efficacy compared to EDTA, eliminating 100% of E. coli and E. faecalis strains. In addition, QMiX+PUI reduced 97.61% of the initial content of LPS.

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Efficacy of EDDY, passive ultrasonic irrigation and manual irrigation on the removal of orange-brown precipitate

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Selen İnce Yusufoğlu ◽

Neslihan Büşra Keskin

Keyword(s):

Native Speakers ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Canal Surfaces ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Native Speakers Of English ◽

Brown Precipitate

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the different irrigation activation techniques for removing the orange-precipitate formed after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX). Methodology: In total, 45-single rooted extracted human teeth were prepared with the ProTaper NEXT rotary system. The roots were respectively irrigated with 5% NaOCl and 2% CHX solutions, and an orange-precipitate formed on the canal walls. The teeth were divided longitudinally, and the precipitate was evaluated with a dental operating microscope (DOM) at 16x magnification before the sections were joined. The halves of roots were then combined, and EDDY, passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) and manual irrigation (MI) techniques were applied for 1 min with 5 ml of distilled water to remove the precipitate. The halves were re-evaluated under the DOM and the residual of percentage of precipitate removed was calculated. The data were evaluated statistically by Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: A residual orange-precipitate was found in all groups. Although the orange precipitate was effectively removed in the EDDY group, there was no statistically significant difference among EDDY, PUI and MI (p> 0.05). Conclusions: None of the techniques used completely removed the orange precipitate from the root canal surfaces. Among the irrigation activation techniques, there was no superior technique for removing the orange-precipitate from the root canals. How to cite this article: İnce Yusufoglu S, Keskin NB. Efficacy of EDDY, passive ultrasonic ırrigation and manual irrigation on the removal of orange-brown precipitate. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.1 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Evaluation of the efficacy of XP-endo Finisher, Easy Clean, Passive ultrasonic irrigation, and conventional irrigation in the removal of calcium hydroxide in simulated internal root resorption cavities

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e1510313023

Author(s):

Gabriela Jorge Campos ◽

Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno ◽

Rina Andrea Pelegrine ◽

Ana Grasiela da Silva Limoeiro ◽

Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Continuous Rotation ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Belo Horizonte ◽

Reciprocating Movement ◽

Conventional Irrigation

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 5 irrigation protocols in removing calcium hydroxide in simulated internal root resorption cavities. Eighteen extracted human teeth, upper anterior and uniradicular, were prepared up to size 50. The teeth were divided longitudinally, and internal root resorption cavities were made by acid demineralization using nitric acid. The same sample was submitted to the five irrigation protocols. The cavities and root canals were filled with Ultracal XS (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) and stored in an incubator at 37ºC for one week. Afterward, the irrigation protocols were carried out: XP-endo Finisher (XPF; FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Easy Clean (Bassi/Easy Equipamentos Odontológicos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) with reciprocating movement (ECR), Easy Clean with continuous rotation (ECC) and conventional irrigation with a syringe (CI). The solutions used, 2.5% NaOCl, and 17% EDTA, were warmed. The total volume of irrigant used for each sample was 20 mL (10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, 5 mL of 17% EDTA and 5 mL of distilled water). The amount of calcium hydroxide remaining in the internal resorption after irrigation was assessed using scores. The data were analyzed using the Pearson and Kruskal-Wallis (Dunn) tests. Significantly more calcium hydroxide was removed in the XPF group than all other sample groups (P < 0.0001). XPF was superior to the other methods tested to remove calcium hydroxide in teeth with simulated internal resorptions.

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Ex-vivo Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Two Activated Irrigation Techniques After Reciprocating Instrumentation in Curved Canals

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601711010512 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 512-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tamara Costa Lopes Schiavotelo ◽

Marcelo Santos Coelho ◽

Luis Cardoso Rasquin ◽

Daniel Guimarães Pedro Rocha ◽

Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Reciprocating Motion ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Single File ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Level Of Agreement

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two activated irrigation techniques in removing the smear layer after single-file reciprocating instrumentation in curved canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were standardized to create a closed system, and then instrumented using WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments. Fifty-four specimens were randomly distributed into 3 groups for final irrigation: Non-activated irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and EndoActivator (EA;Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, USA) irrigation. All specimens received 3 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 minute, followed by irrigation with 6 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. The apical, middle and cervical thirds of the specimens were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and the amount of remaining smear layer on the canal walls was rated by three examiners using a five-category scoring system. Kendall’s concordance coefficient was used to assess inter-rater agreement. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (Bonferroni) tests were used to compare the scores. Results: Kendall’s concordance coefficient was ≥ 0.7, indicating an excellent level of agreement between the raters. No statistically significant difference in irrigation techniques efficacy for removal of the smear layer (p=0.061) was found for the apical third. The scores attributed to the specimens irrigated with the EA system were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the cervical and middle thirds (p< 0.05). Conclusions: The efficacy of the EA system in removing the smear layer in the cervical and middle thirds of root canals instrumented with reciprocating motion was significantly higher than that of either PUI or non-activated irrigation. Both EA and PUI performed similarly in apical third.

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Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Enterococcus faecalis from Root Canals: An Ex Vivo Study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 342-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽

Gisselle Moraima Chávez-Andrade ◽

Norberto Batista de Faria-Júnior ◽

Evandro Watanabe ◽

Mário Tanomaru-Filho

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Canal System ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canal System

Endodontic irrigation aims to clean and disinfect the root canal system. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is based on the use of an ultrasound-activated instrument into the root canal filled with irrigant. The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the effectiveness of PUI in eliminating <italic>Enterococcus faecalis</italic> from root canals. Seventy-five extracted human single-root teeth were used. After root canal preparation, specimens were inoculated with <italic>E. faecalis</italic> and incubated at 37 °C for 21 days. Specimens were distributed into five groups (n=15), according to the irrigation method: PUI + saline solution (PUI/SS); PUI + 1% NaOCl (PUI/NaOCl); conventional needle irrigation (CNI) + saline solution (CNI/SS); CNI + 1% NaOCl (CNI/NaOCl); No irrigation (control). Microbiological samples were collected at three time points: initial (21 days after inoculation), post-irrigation (immediately after irrigation), and final (7 days after irrigation). Data were obtained in CFU mL-1 and subjected to analysis by ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance level. The post-irrigation samples did not demonstrate statistical difference between PUI/SS and CNI/SS nor between PUI/NaOCl and CNI/NaOCl (p>0.05), but PUI/NaOCl and CNI/NaOCl had lower CFU mL-1 number than the other groups (p>0.05). Statistically significant difference was observed between the initial and post-irrigation samples and between the post-irrigation and final samples (p<0.05) in all groups, except in the control. The final samples of all groups presented bacterial counts similar to the initial samples. PUI or CNI with 1% NaOCl contribute to disinfection, but are unable to eradicate <italic>E. faecalis</italic> from the root canal system.

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Efficacy of the Rotary Instrument XP-Endo Finisher in the Removal of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament in Combination with Different Irrigation Techniques: A Microtomographic Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13102222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2222

Author(s):

Jameela Denna ◽

Lubna A Shafie ◽

Loai Alsofi ◽

Mey Al-Habib ◽

Emad AlShwaimi

Keyword(s):

Test Results ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Group B ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Rotary Instrument

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the rotary instrument XP-endo Finisher for the removal of Ca(OH)2 aided by different irrigation regimens. Methods: Sixteen double-rooted upper premolar human teeth were selected for the study. Thirty-two canals were prepared using a ProTaper Next rotary system up to X3. Then, the canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. The volume of Ca(OH)2 inside the canals was measured by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). After that, the teeth were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, i.e., A and B (n = 16 canals). In group A, Ca(OH)2 was removed using the master apical file (X3). In group B, Ca(OH)2 was removed using a XP-endo finisher. In half of both groups (n = 8), syringe irrigation (SI) was used, while passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used for the other half. After removal, the remaining volume of Ca(OH)2 was measured. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The percentages of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the apical thirds of all canals were significantly higher as compared with the middle and coronal thirds in all groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between different files and techniques (p > 0.05). Clinical Significance: This study presents a new method for the removal of Ca(OH)2 from root canals.

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of EASYDO ACTIVATOR Irrigation Technique in Intracanal Smear Layer and Debris Removal from Mature Permanent Teeth

10.21203/rs.3.rs-590367/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shao-Hui Zhang ◽

Zheng-Rong Gao ◽

Dusenge Marie Aimee ◽

Yao Feng ◽

Jing Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smear Layer ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Apical Direction ◽

Debris Removal ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Abstract EASYDO ACTIVATOR (EA) is a continuously vibrational device for root canals irrigation, but its cleaning effectiveness has not been evaluated by any published reports. We were aiming to evaluate whether EA results in a greater intracanal smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation (NI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Twenty-seven single-rooted teeth were used. Canals were sized to R30 and irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Species were divided into three groups: Group 1: NI; Group 2: PUI; Group 3: EA. Canal walls were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. NI- and PUI-group canal cleanliness decreased from the coronal to apical direction (P < 0.05), except for EA group in the apical third. PUI removed more smear layer from the coronal and middle thirds than EA and NI (P < 0.05). PUI and EA were superior to NI regarding debris removal (P < 0.05). The smear layer and debris from the coronal and middle thirds were effectively removed with EA and PUI. More effective removal occurred from the apical third for EA compared with PUI (P < 0.05). Both methods removed smear layer and debris better than NI, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of EA.

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Microtomography Evaluation of The Efficacy of Reciprocating And Rotary Instruments Followed By Different Complementary Steps In The Retreatment of Curved Root Canals

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Sciences ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(2)-088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln de Campos Fruchi

Keyword(s):

Good Choice ◽

Filling Material ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Niti Wire ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Apical Level ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of steps, isolated or in cumulative means, in the endodontic retreatment of curved canals. Methodology: Forty mesial roots of mandibular molars were divided into two groups. In the group 1 the filling removal was done with NiTi reciprocating M-wire and NiTi control memory wire rotary instruments followed by a passive ultrasonic irrigation solution agitation. In the group 2, the initial filling removal was done with NiTi reciprocating M-wire and conventional NiTi wire rotary instruments followed by a rotary plastic instrument for irrigation solution agitation. The results were analyzed through micro-computed tomography. Results: The filling material was not completely removed for both groups. All steps did not statically differ between groups regarding to the filling removal. In the intragroup analyses, the results differed in some levels, mainly in the apical level, but did not statistically differ in all the different levels after each step. A statistical significant increase (P<.05), for both groups, in the volume of filling material in the isthmus was observed. Conclusions: None of the protocols completely removed the filling material. The better results were found for the apical level and after passive ultrasonic irrigation. Vertical warm condensation filling technique enhanced the volume of filling material in the root canal system including the isthmus. Clinical relevance: the control memory NiTi instruments could be considered a good choice for use as an additional step in the procedure of filling removal from curved mesial root canals.

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Passive ultrasonic irrigation in calcium hydroxide removal from root canals: a sem/eds analysis

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v3e32015668-677 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Fernanda Hoffmann Busanello ◽

Angela Longo Do Nascimento ◽

Lilian Tietz ◽

Mirela Sangoi Barreto ◽

Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Calcium Hydroxide Removal ◽

And Control ◽

Elementary Chemical

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) paste from root canal, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four human premolars were used. After coronal access, a size #15 K-file was used to obtain apical patency. Root canal preparation was performed using WaveOne 40.08 instruments. CH paste was placed into the root canal. Specimens were stored in a humid environment, and after seven days, they were divided into five groups (n=12) according to the irrigation protocols: Manual– a size #40 K-file; PUI/1– 1 min; PUI/2– 2 min; PUI/3– 3 min; and Control– without CH paste. An elementary chemical microanalysis (SEM/EDS) was performed to quantify the presence of calcium on the dentinal walls. RESULTS: The percentage of calcium was higher in all experimental groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05); but no differences among them were found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The amount of calcium hydroxide paste on the dentinal walls was not dependent on length of time of ultrasonic activation. SEM/EDS analysis seems to be a reliable method to assess CH paste removal from the root canals.

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Efficacy of self-adjusting file and passive ultrasonic irrigation on removing calcium hydroxide from root canals

Dental Materials Journal ◽

10.4012/dmj.2013-106 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1005-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fuat AHMETOĞLU ◽

Neslihan ŞİMŞEK ◽

Ali KELEŞ ◽

Mevlüt Sinan OCAK ◽

Kürşat ER

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation

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Effect of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Apical Extrusion of Irrigating Solution

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697378 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tamer Tasdemir ◽

Kursat Er ◽

Davut Celik ◽

Tahsin Yildirim

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Apical Extrusion ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

The Mean ◽

Mandibular Incisors

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine the influence of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on apical extrusion of irrigating solution.Methods: Twenty freshly extracted maxillary and mandibular incisors with single straight root canals were instrumented with ProTaper rotary files. During final irrigation, the root canals were filled with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and PUI was performed with a piezoelectronic unit. A stainless steel instrument (size 15) was inserted into the root canal and the irrigant was ultrasonically activated for one minute. This sequence was repeated three times, resultingin a total PUI time of three minutes. The volume of extruded irrigant was measured by Pipetman pipettes. The data were statistically analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The mean volume of apical extruded irrigant was 2.15 �L for the PUI group and 14 �L forthe control group. The experimentalgroup extruded significantly smaller amounts of irrigant than the control group (P<.05).Conclusions: The PUI procedure as a final irrigation was associated with less apical extrusion of the irrigating solution. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:198-203)

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