scholarly journals Equine infectious anemia in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Santin Barzoni ◽  
Daniele Martinez Pereira Nogueira ◽  
Gisele Dias Marques ◽  
Gustavo Nogueira Diehl ◽  
Débora da Cruz Payão Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Positive Properties

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to characterize the outbreaks of equine infectious anemia (EIA) identified, between the years 2009 and 2015, in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We identified 26 positive horses on 24 properties. Each positive property was considered an outbreak of the disease. The diagnoses were made using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test as a part of the sanitary checks conducted during animal transportation or certification of the horse´s sanitary status. The positive properties included farms or horse barns, and the infected animals were used for ranch work, sports, or reproduction. One outbreak was identified in animals that were being illegally transported from Argentina to Brazil. Fifteen outbreaks occurred on properties that were not registered with the Official Veterinary Service (OVS). Eleven outbreaks were identified in urban areas and 13 in rural areas. Twelve of the 24 outbreaks were diagnosed in 2015 alone, nine of which occurred in São Borja county. On two properties, a diagnosis could not be confirmed with a retest; therefore, these outbreaks were discharged. During sanitation checks on three properties, 12 additional positive animals were identified among a population of 1,108 susceptible animals. Based on these findings, we concluded that a subclinical form of the infection is present in that area, which is linked to properties that are not registered with the OVS, and that animals which are transported illegally across international borders represent a potential risk.

scholarly journals Oral Health Practices And Status Of 12-Year-Old Pupils In The Western Region Of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Michael Agbor ◽  
Thwanche Raissa Kuimo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Deciduous Molars

Dental caries, though common, presents with considerable variation in occurrence between countries, regions within countries, areas within regions, and among social and ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to describe the oral health status and practices of primary school children in the western region of Cameroon. This was a comparative descriptive cross sectional study took place in April to October 2018 in primary schools located in three localities (Urban, semi urban and rural) of the West region of Cameroon using a multistage random (cluster) sampling technique. There were a predominance of female pupils 265(54.9 %) than males 218 (45.1 %) and 411 (85.1 %) of the pupils had toothbrushes with the majority from urban areas 142 (94.7%). The frequency of brushing was higher in urban than the semi-urban and rural areas and 212 (50.5) of them brushed teeth once a day and nearly half 184 (43.8) twice daily. More than half 238 (56.7) of the children brush before breakfast wake up  less than half brush  176 (42%) brush after supper.  Two third 280(66.8%) of the children brush their teeth with toothbrush and without toothpaste 54(39.4%) was higher in rural areas. Wood ash 7 (5.1%), soap 4(2.9%) and chewing sticks 3(2, 2%) were most frequently used for brushing in rural areas. The majority 395 (82 %) of the children had plaque, 73(15.1 %) presented with dental mal positions, 341 (70.6 %) with bleeding gums and 223 (46.2 %) had calculus which was predominant in lower incisors. The prevalence of dental caries in the entire population was 28.1%.The majority of pupils 346 (71.6 %) were caries free and 01 (0.2 %) had a missing tooth due to decay. None of the children presented with filled teeth. The mean DMFT was higher in the rural (0.39) as compared to the semi urban (0.18) and the urban (0.09) respectively. The mean DMFT index of the entire population was 0.28 while 135(27.9%) of the pupils presented with enamel caries which was predominant in the first permanent molar, 19 (47.2%) presented with deep caries mostly in the second deciduous molars and 8 (22.5%) presented with enamel caries on the second deciduous molars. Dental trauma 12 (2.5%) was mostly found in the upper central incisors. More than a third 61(36.1%) of the pupils who presented with gingivitis were from rural areas,43(25,4%) from semi urban, and 40(26.7%) from urban areas. Almost all the children who lived in semi-urban 157(92.9%) and in urban areas 150 (78.7%) consumed cariogenic diets. A third of the children who ate in-between meals lived in urban areas149 (34.2%) while 123 (72.8%) of the children in semi-urban areas were conscious of their oral hygiene, and 61 (37.2%) of the children’s food are controlled by the parents. Only 37 (7.7 %) of the children have done have ever been to a dentist. The prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases and other orofacial lesions in the western region of Cameroon was low. Dental caries was found to be higher in rural and urban areas. Collaboration between the ministries of health and basic education is necessary as a measure to institute oral health education in primary schools. This will go a long way to reduce inequalities in oral health by improving in the oral practices.

Piriqueta pampeana, a new species of Turneraceae (Passifloraceae s.l.) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaíssa Nunes Cabreira ◽  
Marlon Garlet Facco ◽  
Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia Miotto
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
A New Species

Piriqueta pampeana, a new species of Turneraceae, is described and illustrated here. The species occurs in the municipalities of Alegrete, Maçambará, Manoel Viana and São Francisco de Assis, in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. It resembles Piriqueta suborbicularis and Piriqueta taubatensis, but can be distinguished by the presence of a pair of discoid basilaminar nectaries, a pair of petiolar nectaries and small nectaries distributed along the leaf margin, sepals with acute apex and a yellow spot at the base of the petals. Due to the intense environmental degradation of  its habitat, and according to IUCN guidelines, we ranked the species as “Endangered” (EN).

scholarly journals Gastric disorders of cattle in western Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Inácio M.C. Brandolt ◽  
Ana Paula Maurique ◽  
Pedro A. Damboriarena ◽  
Maria Elisa Trost ◽  
Ricardo Pozzobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Veterinary Pathology ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Conclusive Diagnosis

ABSTRACT: A retrospective study of gastric disorders in autopsied cattle in the Western region of Rio Grande do Sul State, was performed. The exam reports of bovine necropsy of the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Unipampa, were analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2018. All cases in which death was primarily caused by disturbance in the gastric chambers were included. During the period evaluated, 141 cattle were necropsied. Of those, 25 had gastric disorders. Of those, 53% had alterations in the rumen, followed by abomasum (17%), involvement of two chambers (13%) and reticulum (9%). Most cases corresponded to beef cattle raised in an extensive system and most them for calf production and fattening with an average age of approximately three years. The cases occurred in farms of four different municipalities. Bullous bloat by excessive Trifolium repens ingestion was the gastric disturbance with the highest number of dead cattle observed in this study, especially in irrigated áreas of livestock farms. Cases such as lactic acidosis, ruminal alkalosis due to excessive urea ingestion and Baccharis coridifolia poisoning were also important gastric disturbances in necropsied cattle, associated especially with poor management and period of scarcity of good quality fodder. Cases of Clostridium perfringens infection were also observed in young cattle suggesting that it is an important infectious agent in the evaluated cattle herds, also showing failures in vaccination of the herds. As observed, gastric disturbances in cattle in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul have several causes. Metabolic/toxic and infectious disturbances were important causes of mortality in the herds, inducing considerable economic losses. Based on this study, it is clear that the majority of outbreaks or isolated cases occurred due to errors in the management of the properties and the vast majority of them could have been avoided with improvements in the technical qualification of the workers and simple adjustments in the farming methods. It is also emphasized the importance of the conclusive diagnosis to control these disorders, once after the orientation to the producers, was observed significant decrease in cattle losses in the farms.

CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO CONHECIMENTO DA AVIFAUNA DO MUNICÍPIO DE TAQUARA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pereira de Barros ◽  
Ana Paula Lima da Silveira ◽  
Bruna Reis Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Hydrographic Basin

As aves destacam-se dentro dos vertebrados por serem um grupo diverso e adaptado a diferentes ambientes, a composição da comunidade de aves de um determinado local é um importante bioindicador ambiental, pois ela reflete alterações recentes ou pretéritas de determinada área. Na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos, as pressões sobre os remanescentes de ecossistemas naturais são intensas em decorrência da urbanização crescente, do estabelecimento de indústrias e da ampliação das fronteiras agrícolas, esses fatores associados geram a redução e fragmentação de habitats, com impactos irrecuperáveis para a flora e a fauna. Devido à escassez de dados sobre a avifauna do município de Taquara, o presente estudo teve como objetivo levantar informações sobre o grupo, listando as espécies de aves locais. Entre agosto de 2016 e junho de 2017 foram realizadas quatro amostragens mensais em duas áreas rurais do município, totalizando 44 campanhas de observação e 132 horas de esforço amostral. As espécies foram identificadas e classificadas conforme sua frequência de ocorrência mensal, em espécies comuns e raras. Foram registradas 133 espécies distribuídas em 47 famílias, o que representa mais de 20% das espécies ocorrentes para o estado. Ao longo do período amostrado, 90 espécies foram classificadas como comuns e 47 consideradas raras para as áreas pesquisadas.Palavras-chave: Aves. Bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos. Preservação.ABSTRACTBirds stand out within vertebrates because they are a diverse group adapted to different environments. The composition of the bird community of a certain place is an important environmental bioindicator since it reflects recent or previous environmental disturbances of a certain area. In the Sinos River Basin, environmental pressures on the remnants of natural ecosystems are intense as a result of increasing urbanization, the establishment of industries and expansion of agricultural frontiers which generate habitat reduction and fragmentation with irrecoverable damages on flora and fauna. Due to the scarcity of data on the avifauna of the municipality of Taquara, the present study aimed to gather information and list the species of local birds. Between August 2016 and June 2017, four monthly samplings were carried out in two rural areas of the municipality, totaling 44 observation campaigns and 132 hours of sample effort. The species were identified and classified as common and rare according to their frequency of occurrence. There were 133 species distributed in 47 families, representing more than 20% of the species that occurred in the state. During the sampled period, 90 species were classified as common and 47 were considered rare for the areas surveyed.Keywords: Birds. Hydrographic basin of Sinos River. Preservation.

scholarly journals Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil: composition, structure and conservation

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto ◽  
Tângela Denise Perleberg ◽  
Marco Antonio de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Composition Structure

Faunistic inventories regarding natural history of amphibians and reptiles are considered scarce and very little is known about their assemblages in urban areas; the Pampas morphoclimatic domain, also known as Uruguayan Savannah or Southern Grasslands, is also poorly known regarding their faunal composition.  Herein, we present a checklist of 16 amphibian and 20 reptile species recorded over a course of four years in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia, Câmpus Pelotas-Visconde da Graça, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We also present data on natural history and discuss conservation efforts to be undertaken in the area, in one of the least preserved and known Brazilian morphoclimatic domains, providing insights into urban herpetofaunal diversity patterns and showing the importance of modified areas in its conservation.

scholarly journals Growth curve of Atlantoscia floridana (van Name) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Philosciidae) from a Brazilian Restinga Forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Beatriz Araujo ◽  
Georgina Bond-Buckup
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Estimate Life Expectancy ◽  
Males And Females

The terrestrial isopod Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940) occurs from the U.S.A. (Florida) to Brazil and Argentina. In the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul, the species is recorded in many localities, in urban and in non-urban areas. The growth curve of Atlantoscia floridana based on field data is presented. The specimens were sampled from April, 2000 to October, 2001 at the Reserva Biológica do Lami (RBL), Rio Grande do Sul. Captured individuals were sexed and had their cephalothorax width measured, with the data analyzed with von Bertalanffy's model. The growth curves for males and females are described, respectively, by the equations: Wt = 1.303 [1 - e-0.00941 (t + 50.37)] and Wt = 1.682 [1 - e-0.00575 (t + 59.13)]. The curves showed differential growth between sexes, where females reach a higher Wµ with a slower growth rate. Based on the growth curves it was also possible to estimate life expectancy for males and females.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato(Ixodidae) in synantropic rodents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Tavares Winkel ◽  
Paulo Bretanha Ribeiro ◽  
Lidiane Oliveira Antunes ◽  
Marcial Corrêa Cárcamo ◽  
Élvia Elena Silveira Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is responsible for maintaining and transmitting various pathogens, both in animals and human beings, and it is of great sanitary importance. This communication reports the first occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato parasitizing Rattus norvegicus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and it is also the first record of this tick species parasitizing Rattus rattus in Brazil. The rodents were captured from the port area, located in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We collected 6 larvae of this tick species from 2 male R. rattus individuals, and 3 larvae from 2 female R. norvegicus individuals; parasitized specimens of both rodent species were captured from different sites within the experimental area. This record broadens the number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato hosts in urban areas, indicating the need for continued monitoring on population density for both R. sanguineus and synanthropic rodents.

scholarly journals Identification of Leishmania spp. in horses and a dog from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2687-2694
Author(s):  
Gabriela Döwich Pradella ◽  
◽  
Taiane Acunha Escobar ◽  
Claudia Acosta Duarte ◽  
Irina Lübeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a sand fly vector. Although the main reservoirs are dogs, other hosts can be infected and may play this role. Rio Grande do Sul western region, located on the triple border of Brazil-Uruguay-Argentina, represents a VL transmission area. The goal of the present study was to identify Leishmania spp. infection in animals from rural areas of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. Nine farms in the Uruguaiana municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 113 animals (canine [n=22], equine [n=91]) for detection of Leishmania spp. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction was performed. Eight (7%) animals with Leishmania spp. infection were detected on two farms in the same geographical area, seven of which were horses and one was canine, all of which were asymptomatic. To investigate the species of Leishmania, one of the positive equine samples was subjected to direct sequencing, which confirmed the presence of L. infantum genetic material. Results of this study confirm the presence of L. infantum-infected animals in rural areas of Uruguaiana, and provide evidence supporting further investigation of risk factors for dissemination in such areas.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES IN URBAN AREAS OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL-PRELIMINARY STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
E. Teixeira ◽  
J. Fachel Braga ◽  
J.D. D. Migliavacca ◽  
M.L.L.Fomoso Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Steel Industries

This work reports the determination of the concentration and chemical composition of atmospheric particles in the urban districts of Charqueadas and Sapucaia do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Chemical composition, morphology, and particle size were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x=ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS). Cluster analysis showed that there were six types of particles: Fe-Zn, Fe, Si=Al, Si, Ca-S, and Na. Factorial analysis from cluster data showed that particles rich in Fe-Zn, Si-Al, and Ca-S appeared more frequently, indicating anthropogenic influence (vehicles, steel plants, coal-fired power stations). The experimental results and consideration of the wind directions show that the main source of pollution in Charqueadas appears to be due to coal mining and steel industries, while in Sapucaia do Sul due to steel plants and vehicles.

scholarly journals Bovine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul: positivity rates, geographical distribution, and seasonal occurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Bruno Egídio Cappelari ◽  
Jéssica Grace da Silveira ◽  
Julio César de Almeida Rosa ◽  
José Carlos Ferreira ◽  
Giovana Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Impact

Rabies is a zoonotic disease characterized by acute viral encephalitis. It is almost 100% fatal for infected animals. While cases of human rabies have still been registered in Brazil, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul rabies is considered a controlled disease in urban areas. However, the transmission of bovine rabies – which has been largely associated with the Desmodus rotundus bat – is endemic. Additionally, there are estimates that only 10% of rabies cases are reported. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the positivity rates, geographical distribution, and seasonal occurrence of bovine rabies in RS, as well as the sampling practices in rabies surveillance. Using samples submitted for laboratory diagnosis from 2016 to 2019, we conducted a retrospective study of the sample results, positivity rates, and seasonal occurrence of rabies in cattle. Throughout these four years, less than a third of state municipalities sent samples for diagnosis, suggesting that the occurrence of rabies might still be underestimated in non-sampled areas. A higher number of rabies cases were reported in 2019, a year in which the most diagnosed samples and the highest positivity percentages were recorded. However, the case numbers registered between 2016 and 2019 were not significantly different. We found that the summer and autumn months presented statistically different positivity rates. Besides this, we did not find any positive D. rotundus samples, despite the positivity rates for bovine rabies. Active surveillance, especially of bat populations and under-sampled regions, must be strengthened to correctly estimate the impact of rabies.

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