scholarly journals Sustainability of carrot-cowpea intercropping systems through optimization of green manuring and spatial arrangements

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josimar Nogueora da Silva ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽  
Aridênia Peixoto Chaves ◽  
Renato Leandro Costa Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT: One of the biggest challenges in intercropping of two or more crops is to maintain their productivity as that of their sole counterparts. In order to obtain sustainable intercropping systems in a semi-arid environment, this study evaluated the agro-economic advantage and sustainability of intercropped systems of carrot and cowpea, optimizing the green manuring and spatial arrangements. Experiments were conducted in the period from July to October 2017 and 2018, using a randomized complete block design with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments included four amounts of M. aegyptia incorporated into the soil (20, 35, 50, and 65 t ha-1 on dry basis) with three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) between the components cultures formed from cowpea rows alternated with carrot rows. The agro-economic advantage indices evaluated in the intercropping systems were: land equivalent ratio (LER), area-time equivalent ratio (ATER), score of the canonical variable (Z), actual yield loss (AYL), intercropping advantage (IA), gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR), and profit margin (PM). The highest agro-economic advantages of the carrot and cowpea intercropping were obtained for LER, ATER, NI, and RR of 2.60, 4.16, US$ 8,720.99 ha-1, and US$ 2.21, respectively, for M. aegyptia biomass amounts of 46.42, 47.82, 32.60 and 31.51t ha-1 added to the soil. The 2: 2 spatial arrangement was the one with the best productive performance, with higher net income and rate of return in the intercropping of carrot-cowpea.

scholarly journals FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A SEMI-MANUALLY OPERATED FISH SCALE REMOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Michael Dave B. Ablazo ◽  
Richelle O. Ampuan ◽  
Rommel P. Noble ◽  
Benjamin D. Varela
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Cost

Commercial fish scale removers are very expensive.  This study was conducted in order to fabricate and test the performance of a low cost, stand-alone semi-manually operated fish scale remover.  The randomized complete block design (RCBD) quasi-experiment was used to test the capacity and efficiency of the semi-manually operated fish scale remover.  Three (3) different kinds of fish in Northern Samar (Bangus, Sagision and Kirawan) with three (3) different sizes of scales (Large, Medium and Small) were used in the testing of the fabricated fish scale remover at three (3) different speeds of the scaling drum (High, Medium and Low).  The results revealed that the higher the speed of the scaling drum, the higher is the scaling capacity of the manually-operated fish scale remover.  Likewise, the bigger the scales of fish being descaled, the higher is the scaling capacity of the manually-operated fish scale remover.  The average scaling capacity of the fish scale remover is higher than the average scaling capacity of an experienced fish vendors for kirawan and sagision but is lower than that of the experienced fish vendors for bangus.  On the other hand, the average scaling efficiencies of the machine for all the fish used in testing the machine were highest at medium speed setting of the scaling drum.  The cost and return analysis on the operation of the semi-manually operated fish scale remover revealed that it will have an annual net income of P 48,724.37, a payback period of 50 days, and a rate of return of 3.82.   The actual cost of constructing the semi-manually operated fish scale remover is ₱ 12,756.00.

scholarly journals Agro-economic efficiency in radish-arugula intercropping as a function of green manuring and population density

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e5310514867
Author(s):  
Jolinda Mércia de Sá ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Roberto Cleiton Fernandes de Queiroga ◽  
Aridênia Peixoto Chaves ◽  
Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Green Mass Yield

The vegetables intercropping practice triumph in family farming depends on several production factors, including the crops involved, green manuring and plant density of component crops. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess whether there is agro-economic viability in the radish-arugula intercropping, in different equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on base dry) and in diverse arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of that recommended density for single crop - RDSC), combined with 100% of the RDSC for radish in two cropping years. The characteristics, the commercial productivity of radish roots and the arugula green mass yield were evaluated and in the intercropped system, the agronomic indices: land equivalent ratio (LER), intercropping advantage (IA), actual yield loss (AYL), productive efficiency index (PEI), score of the canonical variable (Z), and the economic indicators: gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR) and profit margin (PM). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the radish-arugula intercropping were achieved with an LER of 1.64, PEI of 0.86, Z of 1.54, GI of R$ 45,543.92 ha-1, NI of R$ 24,662,31 ha-1, RR of R$ 2.20 for each real invested, and PM of 56.37%, respectively, in the combination of 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass and arugula population density of 100% of the RDSC, corresponding to the density of 1 million plants per hectare.

scholarly journals Beet-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density induce to agro-economic advantages

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-443
Author(s):  
Vitor AS Lino ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma SS Lima ◽  
Elizangela C Santos ◽  
Renato LC Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Equivalent Ratio

ABSTRACT One of the biggest challenges in the intercropping system of two crops is to obtain the optimal dose of green manure and the adequate population density of the crops. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of beet and arugula intercropping, influenced by green manuring with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera and arugula population densities in two cultivation years, in semi-arid environment. The experimental design used was in randomized complete blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The first factor of this scheme consisted of equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor, by arugula population densities (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single cropping, corresponding to 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 thousand arugula plants ha-1). The production and its components were evaluated on beet and arugula. In addition to these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The greatest agro-economic advantages of the beet with arugula intercropping were achieved with a system productivity index (SPI) of 53.47 t ha-1, land equivalent coefficient (LEC) of 0.84 and a monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 1.56, respectively, combining 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha-1. The maximum optimized commercial productivity of beetroots in the system intercropped with arugula was 23.20 t ha-1 using 65 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera and in the arugula population density of 1,000 thousand plants ha-1, while the maximum arugula productivity intercropped with beet was 9.65 t ha-1, in the same combination of green manures amount and arugula population density.

scholarly journals Agro-economic efficiency dynamics in vegetable cowpea and radish cultivar combinations in strip-intercropping systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1453-1472
Author(s):  
Iara Beatriz Silva Azevedo ◽  
◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽  
Renato Leandro Costa Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Strip Intercropping ◽  
Semi Arid

This work aimed to evaluate the dynamics of agro-economic efficiency in combinations of vegetable cowpea and radish cultivars in strip-intercropping systems through agronomic, economic and competition indices tested by the Hsu test in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was a completely randomised block with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of four cowpea cultivars, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, and BRS Itaim, with two radish cultivars, Crimson Gigante and Zapp. In each block, individual plots of these cultivars in single cultivation were planted as additional treatments to obtain the system indices. The indices of agronomic and economic efficiency and of competition evaluated were land equivalent ratio (LER), actual yield loss (AYL), land use efficiency (LUE%), score of the canonical variable (Z), gross income (GI), net income (NI), rate of return (RR), corrected monetary advantage (CMA), competitive ratio (CR) and the aggressivity of radish over cowpea (Ar) and cowpea over radish (Avc). The cowpea cultivar BRS Tumucumaque, when combined with the radish cultivar Zapp, provided the highest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropped system in a semi-arid environment. The complementarity and sustainability of the intercropping systems of cowpea and radish were observed in the results of the Hsu test applied to the indices of agro-economic efficiency and of competition. Radish was the dominant crop.

From i-doc to VR experience: New forms of user engagement in immersive digital documentaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Mundhenke
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The Other ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Digital Formats ◽  
The One

Audience research proves that possibilities of interaction in i-docs are often not fulfilled by the user, who is not really part of a ‘work in progress’ (as intended by the makers). With the shift and development of new digital formats (360-degree-films, nonfictional VR experiences, AR apps), the question of the possible interactive potential should be addressed once again. Since VR projects are fully immersive (mostly using head-mounted displays), there is no possible distraction from outside on the one hand. On the other hand, there is a shift from the computer game style aesthetic of early i-docs, with their pure spatial arrangement of events, to a more inclusive digital storytelling modality with the user experiencing his own world-building. This will be discussed with taking into consideration the non-fictional VR experience as a mode of actively combining immersion and storytelling for a satisfactory user experience. Afterwards two very different examples of nonfictional VR production will be presented, and their modalities will be briefly touched; the utilized approach and its user response will be discussed. A look at the future of possible developments concludes the essay.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment of Technology Adoption in Oil Palm Plantations from Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Mosquera-Montoya ◽  
Elizabeth Ruiz-Alvarez ◽  
Eloina Mesa-Fuquen
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
The One

Adopting technology regarding agricultural crops has traditionally been associated with high costs. Producers have thus often abstained from adopting better agronomical practices and have consequently lost the benefits they could otherwise have obtained by implementing better criteria for managing their crops.This research builds on results by Ruiz et al., (2017) who found three typologies of oil palm lots, regarding adoption of technology and yields on oil palm crops from Colombia. This work was aimed at evaluating the typologies found by Ruiz et al. (2017) from an economic standpoint by using different economic assessment methods, in order to determine the benefits of technology adoption at the Colombian oil palm agroindustry. The methods used were aimed at estimating: unit cost, net present value (NPV), net income, land use efficiency, generation of income and competitiveness.Results indicate that the cost of producing a ton of fresh fruit bunches from oil palms (FFB) on lots having high adoption of technology was 2.5% to 8% lower when compared to lots having lower adoption of technology (Typologies 2 and 3. respectively). Technology adoption enables greater yearly net income to be obtained in mature oil palm crops in typology 1, than the one obtained at typology 2 and typology 3. The adoption of technology allows the grower to obtain net income equivalent to a legally-established yearly minimum wage (LEYMW), using less land. Finally, it was concluded that at average CPO prices for the period 2005-2015, the Colombian growers that participated in this study, may be competitive at the European market, which is the main destination of Colombian exports of crude palm oil (CPO).

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACOVAN ORGANIC BANANA IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE AÇU-RN VALLEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
JÚLIO JUSTINO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA ◽  
MARIA FRANCISCA SOARES PEREIRA ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
The One ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

ABSTRACT The banana tree is grown in an extensive tropical region throughout the world, usually by small producers. The present work had the objective of evaluating irrigation systems in banana production in the Açu-RN Valley, aiming at alternatives so that they can be recommended to farmers in the Açu Valley region. The experiment was carried out in the area of the School Farm of the IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu, located in the municipality of Ipanguaçu-RN. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots and eight replications. The irrigation systems were: irrigation, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler and alternative irrigation. The plots were composed of eight useful plants with spacing in double rows 4 x 2 x 2 m. Eight characteristics related to production were evaluated: bunch mass (MC); number of leaves (NP); number of fruits per cluster (NFC); mean mass of the leaves (MMP); diameter of the fruit of the second seed (DF2P); length of the fruit of the second seed (CF2P); mean fruit mass (MMF); productivity (Prod). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the first cycle of production the sprinkler irrigation system was the one that presented better results the productivity of the Pacovan banana tree; in the 3rd cycle the alternative irrigation system was the one that showed better results the productivity of the banana tree; where the electrical conductivity correlated with the sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water, contributed to a moderate limitation of use.

scholarly journals Agronomic Efficiency of Hybrids of Corn to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Targeting Fresh Corn

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Cecília L. P. Resende ◽  
Leandro F. Damaso ◽  
Mylla C. R. Ávila ◽  
Daniel D. C. Carvalho ◽  
Patrícia G. S. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The One ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The efficiency and responsiveness agronomic to the main macronutrients is becoming increasingly important due to the risk of supply, since it is a finite resource. In addition, excess fertilizer decreases the quality of water and air. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the corn hybrids in terms of their efficiency and responsiveness to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and identify the ones most suitable for fresh consumption, according to the product type and technological level to be adopted by the farmer. The randomized complete block design in a 10 × 3 (hybrids and doses) factorial scheme was adopted for the experiment, with three replications, for two season crops (2013/14 and 2014/15). Ten hybrids (2B512PW, 2B587PW, 2B707PW, 30F35HR, 30F53YH, AG1051, BRS1055, BM3061, P3646H e P3862YH) were used in isolation under low availability (without application) and partial, of N, P and K, in an isolated manner, also evaluated under the recommended dose, aiming at fresh consumption. The most efficient and responsive hybrid must first be identified in isolation, based on the availability it is subjected to and later, by its sale, focused on fresh consumption. The hybrids indicated for low availability (low technological level) were BRS1055 and 30F53YH, with respect to responsiveness or agronomic efficiency, the hybrid P3862YH was the one that presented the best performance and indicated for technological levels of medium to high, considering the classification obtained for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for production vegetable corn.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Growth of Yellow Passion Fruit Seedlings Under Salinity Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana da S. Santos ◽  
Railene H. C. R. Araújo ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Valéria F. de O. Sousa ◽  
Marília H. B. S. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The One ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a molecule that can flag plants under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Among the kinds of stress, the salinity stress is the one that most usually affects plants. Consequently, the purpose hereof was to use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mitigate the possible harmful effects of salinity in yellow passion fruit seedlings. We employed a randomized block design, in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five irrigation water electric conductivity levels (0.3; 1.3; 2.3; 3.3; and 4.3 dS m-1) and three hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0; 5; and 15 μmol L-1), with four repetitions. The treatments were applied foliarly 7 and 15 days after the seedlings’ germination with hand sprayers. Sixty days after sowing, we evaluated the seedlings’ growth and quality variables, which finally proved that hydrogen peroxide mitigates the harmful effect of the irrigation water’s salinity up to 2 dS m-1 in the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings at the concentration of 5 μmol/L. Nonetheless, excessive concentrations (15 μmol L-1) associated with high salt concentrations were proven detrimental to the seedlings’ phenological growth and quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blended Fertilizer Formulas under Limed Condition of Acid Soil on Soybean (Glycine max) at Asossa District of Benishal-gul Gumuz Regional State

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Teriku Legesse ◽  
Bakala Anbessa ◽  
Dassalegn Temene ◽  
Getahun Dereje
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return

Purpose: To evaluate the blended fertilizer formulas types, under unlimed limed condition of Asossa acid soil on soybean in Benishagul Gumuz of Ethiopia. Methods: Two factorial RCB design with three replications was used in the investigation. Five types of blended fertilizer formulas were tested under limed and unlimed condition in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Lime and blended fertilizer types were used as factor. The amount of lime that was applied at each location was calculated on the basis of the exchangeable acidity, bulk density and 15 cm depth of the soil. One mole of exchangeable acidity would be neutralized by an equivalent mole of CaCO3. Accordingly, the amount of lime for this particular activity would be uniformly applied for all plots at 1.5 times of the exchangeable acidity (Equation 1) and incorporated in to the soil a month before seed sowing. Results: The effects of applied lime (CaCO3) and fertilizer types on growth and yield components of soybean were non-significantly (P>0.05) influenced except 100 seed weight, whereas the lime by blended fertilizer types interaction effects were not-significantly (P>0.05) affect all growth and yield components of soybean (Table 2). The highest plant height (71.58 cm) was obtained from NPKSZnB (Formula 5 modified) fertilizer type, however statistically non-significant from the other treatments. Conclusion: The partial budget analysis indicated that, it was not necessarily based on the highest marginal rate of return, rather based on the minimum acceptable marginal rate of return and the treatment with the high net benefit, relatively low variable cost together with an acceptable MRR becomes the tentative recommendation. Therefore we recommend the treatments (100 kg /ha NPSB) that have acceptable marginal rate of return, relatively high net benefit and relatively small total cost of production for soybean production in Asossa zone.

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