scholarly journals NEOTROPICAL TREE PRODUCTION: INSIGHTS INTO GERMINATION, GROWTH AND OUTPLANTING FOR Maytenus boaria

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Nicolás Marro ◽  
Florencia Soteras ◽  
Noelia Cofré ◽  
Ignacio Ibarra ◽  
Romina Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Regeneration Niche ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Tree Production

ABSTRACT Knowledge about tree production practices is essential to support forest restoration projects, but is still lacking for many tree species. Maytenus boaria is a neotropical tree distributed across the temperate and subtropical South American mountains. In central Argentina, it is mainly restricted to the most preserved forest remnants. Attempts to plant this species have had little success due to difficulties in seedling production and low seedling survival. We set up four trials aiming to identify the constraints of seedling production and outplanting. Under greenhouse conditions, we evaluated (i) pre-germination treatments and (ii) seedling response to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the field, we planted M. boaria saplings as well as saplings of the most abundant tree in our study site and recorded (iii) survival and height for 10 years. Finally, (iv) we quantified natural recruitment in an attempt to determine M. boaria regeneration niche. Germination varied from 13.1 to 29.2% among treatments. Depulped seeds stratified at 5 ºC showed the highest germination (29.2%). Shoot phosphorus concentration in AMF-treated seedlings was significantly higher (45%) than in non-inoculated seedlings. Survival of M. boaria saplings was similar to that of the most abundant tree in our study site, but their lower height suggested limited growth. We recorded low abundance of M. boaria seedlings in the field; therefore, we were unable to identify the characteristics of its regeneration niche. Reforestation activities should include seed depulping and stratification at 5 ºC to improve germination. The capacity of AMF to enhance nutrition should be evaluated under field conditions.

scholarly journals Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Flor Hernandez ◽  
Rosalinda Villarreal ◽  
Valentin Torres ◽  
Adrien Gallou
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

scholarly journals Rhizobia associated with neotropical tree Centrolobium tomentosum used in riparian restoration

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Mixed Inoculum ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Molecular Relationships

<I>Centrolobium tomentosum</I> is a tropical legume tree indicated for functional and structural restoration of riparian areas. This study was conducted to characterize the rhizobia isolated from nodules of <I>C. tomentosum in situ</I> and to determine their capacity of renodulation, in an experimental area of land rehabilitation in the Rio Doce valley. Nodulation potential to inoculation with 2 selected fast-growing <I>Rhizobium</I> strains separately and a mixed inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was evaluated by the use of antibiotics resistance. Flood disturbance were observed not to affect renodulation by fast-growing strains. DNA fingerprinting RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) profiles were used to examine molecular relationships among field isolates, inoculants and reference strains. Maximal renodulation was exhibited by strain BHCBAb1 after 24 months after transplantation. <I>Centrolobium tomentosum</I> forms symbiosis with fast- and slow-growing <I>Rhizobium</I> strains, and it is suggested that their nursery culture could be improved by inoculation of selected strain under low nitrogen-input conditions.

scholarly journals Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de Jacaratia mexicana inoculadas con hongos micorrícico arbusculares dentro de un bosque tropical seco

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel ◽  
Bernardo Murillo-Amador ◽  
Miguel V. Córdoba-Matson ◽  
Liliana Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Growth And Survival

Jacaratia mexicana is not only an endemic and typical tropical dry forest tree of Mexico, it is considered as a direct ancestor of the papayo (Carica papaya). Locally it is mainly used in traditional medicine, for human food or for feeding backyard animals (forage plant), but its use value is very restricted or even unknown. Nevertheless, various abiotic and anthropogenic pressures in its Mexican habitat are causing populations of this tree to decline alarmingly. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are microorganisms that have an important role for the regeneration of tree species by increasing their ability to absorb water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AMF on growth and survival of seedlings of J.mexicana transplanted within a fragmented area of the remaining dry forest located in the central portion of the state of Veracruz. We measured height, stem diameter, number of leaves, percent seedling survival and mycorrhizal colonization. Results showed increases in all growth-related variables when seedlings were inoculated with AMF. The results suggest that micosymbionts can play a critical role for the regeneration of J.mexicana and possibly other species of tree within the dry forest, especially helping this endemic species that is currently surviving in a fragmented environment under unfavorable conditions of low availability of water and nutrients.Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de Jacaratia mexicana inoculadas con hongos micorrícico arbusculares dentro de un bosque tropical secoJacaratia mexicana no es solo un árbol endémico y típico de los bosques tropicales secos de México, sino que se le considera como ancestro evolutivo del papayo (Carica papaya). Se le aprecia en la medicina tradicional, para alimentación del ser humano o cría de animales de traspatio (planta forrajera), pero su valor de uso es muy restringido o incluso desconocido. Sin embargo, presiones abióticas y antropogénicas de su hábitat natural están causando una alarmante reducción de las poblaciones naturales de esta Caricaceae. Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) son microorganismos que juegan un papel importante en la regeneración de especies debido al aumento de su capacidad para absorber agua y nutrientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de los HMA sobre el crecimiento y supervivencia de plántulas de J. mexicana trasplantadas dentro de un área fragmentada del bosque tropical seco ubicado en la parte central del estado de Veracruz. Se determinó en este estudio la altura, diámetro, número de hojas, porcentaje de supervivencia y colonización micorrízica. Los resultados muestran incrementos en todas las variables relacionadas con el crecimiento cuando las plántulas fueron inoculadas con HMA. Los resultados sugieren que estos micosimbiontes pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental para el establecimiento de árboles como J. mexicana y posiblemente de otros componentes dentro del bosque tropical seco, los cuales actualmente sobreviven en un entorno fragmentado y bajo condiciones desfavorables de baja disponibilidad de agua y nutrientes.

Fungal endophytes nearly double minimum leaf conductance in seedlings of a neotropical tree species

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elizabeth Arnold ◽  
Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Neotropical Tree

Drought strongly influences plant phenology, growth and mortality in tropical forests, thereby shaping plant performance, population dynamics and community structure (Bunker & Carson 2005, Condit et al. 1995). Microbial symbionts of plants profoundly influence host water relations (Lösch & Gansert 2002), but are rarely considered in studies of tropical plant physiology. In particular, plant–fungus associations, which are ubiquitous in plant communities and especially common in tropical forests, play important and varied roles in plant water status. Fungal pathogens associated with roots, vascular tissue and foliage may interfere with water uptake and transport, increase rates of foliar transpiration, and induce xylem embolism and tissue death (Agrios 1997). In contrast, rhizosphere mutualists such as ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may benefit hosts by increasing surface area for water uptake, enhancing stomatal regulation of water loss, and increasing root hydraulic conductivity (Auge 2001, Lösch & Gansert 2002).

scholarly journals Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) in micropropagated strawberry plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Hanna Palmujoki ◽  
Päivi Parikka ◽  
Marjatta Uosukainen
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar

Preliminary studies were conducted on the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against strawberry crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. & Cohn) Schroet. A micropropagated strawberry cultivar susceptible to the disease, ‘Jonsok’, was either inoculated with the Finnish AMF strains Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe V57, G. hoi Berch & Trappe V98 and G. fistulosum Skou & Jakobson V128, or it was left uninoculated. AMF inoculation at the beginning of the weaning stage, five weeks before the establishment of the pot or field experiment, did not decrease crown rot severity in either of the experiments. In the pot experiment, on the contrary, AMF lowered the plant health index when P. cactorum was added to the substrate in the form of infected plant residues. Results are discussed in relation to soil-borne vs. foliar disease, phosphorus concentration of the growth substrate and influence of weather conditions.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF COLUBRINA GLANDULOSA PERKINS WITH DRILLING WASTE FROM OIL WELLS AND MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Júlio César Ribeiro ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Ana Caroline Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Joel Quintino Oliveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Oil exploration, whether onshore or offshore, results in residues from the drilling of wells, called gravel. The use of this environmental liability in the production of seedlings for forest restoration could contribute to an appropriate destination for this waste. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the substrate formulated with gravel, with and without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on the growth and nutritional status of seedlings of Colubrina glandulosa. The design used was completely randomized in a 5x2 factorial scheme, with five gravel doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), with and without inoculation with a mixture of AMF spores (Gigaspora margarita¸ Rhizophagus clarus, and Dentiscutata heterogama) with six repetitions, totaling 60 experimental units. Height (H) and stem diameter (SD) were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after seedling transplantation, when the plants were sectioned in shoots (branches + leaves) and roots, to determine dry biomass of shoots (DMS) and of roots (DMR), leaf area index (LAI), rate of length of fine roots colonized by AMF (COL), and chemical composition. The substrate obtained with the application of the lowest gravel dose (5%), without the mycorrhizal inoculation, provided significant increments in H, SD, LAI, DMS, DMR, and COL of the seedlings of Colubrina glandulosa, when compared to the other gravel doses and the presence of mycorrhizal inoculation, 120 days after seedling transplantation.

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