Monosporic Inoculation of Economically Important Horticultural Species with Native Endomycorrhizae under Greenhouse Conditions

Research into the symbiotic relationship between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is key for sustainable agricultural intensification. The objective of the present study is to evaluate native AMF at the monosporic level in greenhouse-grown, economically important crops. Agricultural soil samples from three locations (Saltillo, Zaragoza, and Parras) were obtained by combining portions resulting from a zigzag sampling pattern. From these samples, 15 morphotypes were extracted according to a modified Gerdemann’s technique and monosporically inoculated on melon, cucumber, tomato, and onion, 30 days after their sowing. Under a completely random experimental design, 16 treatments with three repetitions were defined. Plant height, root length, stem diameter, total fresh weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, bulb weight, fresh leaf weight, total dry weight, flower number, leaf number, fruit number, spore number, and percentage of colonization were all evaluated. The results were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey comparison test (p ≤ 0.05), which showed that the monosporic inoculation favors significantly the AMF and the host, while the T6 (Saltillo spore + Steiner modified with 20% of the normal phosphorus concentration) showed a greater response uniformity on onion and melon, which indicates its great potential as an inoculum.

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Assessment of Growth and Biomass Production of a Medicinal Plant Bryophyllum Salisb. as Influenced by Different Organic Manures

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v29i2.48767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 229-236

Author(s):

AT Sharif ◽

AS Razzaque ◽

TT Purna ◽

Md Khalilur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Organic Manures ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Compost Treatment ◽

Number Of Branches ◽

Total Fresh Weight

A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of various organic manures on the growth performance and biomass production of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Nine kinds of organic manures, such as ACI, BGF-1, bone meal, Green life, Kazi, Majim, mustard cake, Payel and Shebok composts were applied individually at the rate of 15 ton/ha. Highest height (45.25 cm), leaf number (102.67 no./plant), leaf area (82.43 cm2/plant), number of branches (27.00 no./plant), girth (6.75 cm/plant), total fresh weight (334.02 g/plant) and total dry weight (86.09 g/plant) were recorded in mustard cake compost treatment at harvest. Results showed that the best growth performance and biomass production both were achieved by mustard cake compost treatment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 229-236, 2020 (July)

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Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) Seedlings Showed Impressive Recovery after Defoliation

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.37.61 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F.D. Ugese ◽

P.T. Ezechukwu ◽

C. Ogbaje

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shea Butter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Characters ◽

Total Fresh Weight

Experiments to determine the effect of seed size, watering interval and defoliation on growth and dry matter attributes of seedlings of shea butter tree were conducted at Makurdi, Nigeria, from July 2010 to April, 2012. In the first experiment, treatments were made up of three seed size categories described as small (5-10g), medium (11-15g) and large (16-20g) and three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days. In the second experiment, treatments comprised three watering intervals of 3, 6 and 9 days and three levels of defoliation – 0, 50 and 100%. In both experiments, factorial combinations of the treatments were laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results of analysis of variance showed that in the first experiment seed size significantly influenced root length with the medium and large seeds producing seedlings with comparatively longer roots than the small seeds. The most frequently watered seedlings (3 and 6 days) produced more leaves than those watered less frequently (9 days). Seed size influenced dry weight of root and total (whole plant) dry weight with the medium and large seeds recording significantly higher values than the small seeds. Watering interval however did not significantly influence any of the other traits. Seed weight exerted significant influence on amount of dry matter partitioned to the stem and the root. More dry matter was partitioned to the stem by the small seeds. Conversely, medium and large seeds allocated more dry matter to the root than to the stem. In the second experiment, defoliation level only influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight in favour of plants with half their leaves removed. None of the traits examined were significantly influenced by watering regime. Interaction between defoliation level and watering regime significantly influenced total fresh weight, dry weight of root and total dry weight. Generally seed size had more influence on seedling characters than watering interval. Seedlings also demonstrated remarkable ability to overcome effects of defoliation.

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Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk dan Tingkat Arbuskular Mikoriza terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jahe (Zingiber officinale)

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v16i2.18918 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Dhimas Taufika Putra ◽

Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽

Purwanto Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Medical Plant ◽

Completely Randomized Design

<p>Ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>) is one kind of plants to be processed as traditional medicine, drinks, and spices. the smallest type of ginger that has many benefits as medical plant. Demand for ginger plants growing in the community is increasing. Additions of manure and arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase the quality and quantity of ginger. This was conducted to obtain the kinds of manure and levels of AMF to ginger to produce optimum growth and yield. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two treatment factors, namely planting medium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Results were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there is a real difference continued DMRT 5% level. The results showed that the differences in the kinds of manure and the levels of AMF increase growth and yield of ginger. Chicken manure application showed the highest results in the fresh weight of stover plant, dry weight of plant stover, fresh weight of plant rhizomes, and dry weight of the rhizomes. Whereas the additions of AMF 15 grams per plant in zeolite showed the highest results in the number of plant tillers, dry weight of plant stover, fresh weight of plant rhizomes, and dry weight of the rhizomes.</p>

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Penggunaan spora cendawan mikoriza arbuskula sebagai inokulum untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan serapan hara bibit kelapa sawit Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore as inoculant to increase growth and nutrient uptake of oil palm seedling

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/ppbbi.jur.mp.v73i1.160 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽

Nampiah SUKARNO ◽

Latifah Kosim DARUSMAN ◽

Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽

Sally SMITH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

K Uptake ◽

Spore Number

SummaryA green house experiment was conducted tostudy the effect of spore number and species ofAM fungi as inoculant of oil palm. Two species ofAM fungi was evaluated in this study namelyAcaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margaritaand three spore number were tested i. e 200, 350,and 500 spores. There two fungi have thepotential as AM fungi inoculant for oil palm. Thesoil used was acid soil from Cikopomayak, WestJava while the oil palm seedling was from OilPalm Research Institute, Medan. A polybag sized20 x 40 cm was used. Spores as type of inoculantaffect the oil palm growth in longer time. Thebest growth of the seedling in term of height,fresh, and dry weight was obtained byinoculation at 500 spores of A. tuberculata andG. margarita. However, at 500 spores perpolybag, growth and N, P, and K uptake ofseedlings inoculated with A. tuberculata andG. margarita were not significantly differentexcept for seedling and root fresh weight. Oilpalm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata at500 spores per seedling resulted higher root andseedling fresh weight compared with thoseinoculated with G. margarita. The different effectof seedling on A. tuberculata and G. margaritainoculation at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere only observed in plant height, fresh and dryweight of seedlings. The plant height, fresh, anddry weight of seedlings inoculated withA. tuberculata at 200 and 350 spores per seedlingwere higher compared with those inoculatedwith G. margarita. In addition inoculation withA. tuberculata at 200 spores per seedling resultedhigher N and K uptake of seedling compared withthose inoculated with G. margarita.RingkasanSuatu penelitian rumah kaca telah dilakukanuntuk mempelajari pengaruh jumlah spora danspesies cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA)sebagai inokulum pada bibit kelapa sawit. Duaspesies CMA yang diuji ialah Acaulosporatuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita sedangkanjumlah spora yang diuji ada tiga tingkat yaitu200, 350, dan 500 spora. Bibit kelapa sawitberumur dua bulan ditanam di polibag berukuran20 x 40 cm yang berisi tanah yang bereaksimasam berasal dari Cikopomayak. Hasil yangdiperoleh menunjukkan bahwa spora sebaganokulum bibit kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhipertumbuhan kelapa sawit namun diperlukanwaktu yang lebih lama untuk mendapatkanrespons inokulasi. Pertumbuhan tertinggi padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering diperoleh pada inokulasi sebanyak 500spora per polibag baik untuk A. tuberculatamaupun G. margarita. Namun, pada inokulasisebanyak 500 spora per polibag, pertumbuhandan serapan N, P, dan K bibit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata dan G. margarita tidak berbedanyata kecuali pada peubah bobot basah akar danbobot basah bibit. Bobot basah akar dan bobotbasah bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasiA. tuberculata sebanyak 500 spora, lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan bibit yang diinokulasidengan G. margarita pada jumlah spora yangsama. Pengaruh spesies hanya dapat ditunjukkanpada inokulasi 200 dan 350 spora khususnya padapeubah tinggi bibit, bobot basah, dan bobotkering bibit. Tinggi bibit, bobot basah dan bobotkering bibit yang diinokulasi A. tuberculata padajumlah spora 200 dan 350 per polibag lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita. Tampak bahwa inokulasiA. tuberculata dengan 200 spora per polibagmenghasilkan serapan N dan K lebih tinggidibandingkan dengan yang diinokulasiG. margarita pada jumlah spora yang sama.

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Respon Pertumbuhan Semai Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) pada Pot Organik dan Diinokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.11.2.45-50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Sri Wilarso Budi ◽

Faradila Mei Jayani

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Raw Material ◽

Single Treatment ◽

Swietenia Macrophylla ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Effect Of Treatment ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Amf Inoculation

A forest trees seedling production nowadays had used a polybag that caused the roots grow in a circle and the polybag are not easily degraded by the environment. It can be replaced with the use of container based on organic material that is environmentally friendly. The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of treatment of raw material of organic pot and to analyze the inoculation of AMF to the growth of mahogany seedling as well. This study used the completely randomized design with two factor. The interaction of organic pot composition and the addition of AMF were significantly affected in terms of height and total dry weight of mahogany seedling. A single treatment of organic pot composition gave a significant effect on the increase of mahogany seedling diameter. A single treatment with AMF addition was significantly affected on the increase of both diameter and % mycorrhizal colonization at the root of mahogany seedling. The best treatment that has the greatest response of mahogany seedlings growth was the organic pot composition of newspaper:compost with a ratio of 3:2 along with the addition of AMF. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), inoculation, Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), Organic Pot, seedling

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Rhizobium and Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Improved Soybean Yield Under Drought Stress Conditions

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-021-02432-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ozede N. Igiehon ◽

Olubukola O. Babalola

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Number ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Pod Number

AbstractFood insecurity is a serious threat due to the increasing human population particularly in developing countries and may be minimized by the use of microbial inoculants. Also, the problems of excessive use of chemical fertilizers including the fact that most of the fertilizers are relatively non-affordable and that they also contaminate underground and surface water, which can increase the risk of blue baby syndrome in infants and stomach cancer in adults. There is therefore the need to harness a more cost-effective, eco-friendly and beneficial biological agents to improve crops productivity especially under drought conditions. Thus, in this study, the ability of rhizobia species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance soybean tolerance to drought stress under water regimens of 100, 70 and 40% field capacity (FC) was investigated. It was observed that co-inoculation of soybean with Rhizobium spp. (R1+R3) as well as with Rhizobium spp. and mycorrhizal consortium (R1+R3MY) had significant impacts (P < 0.05) on soybean leaf relative water content and electrolyte leakage, respectively. The levels of proline increased mainly in microbially amended soybean exposed to drought stress. Plants inoculated with R1+R3MY showed the highest number of spore and % mycorrhization in all the water regimes. At 40% FC, R1+R3MY treatment was found to promote soybean growth compared to the non-inoculated plants. Similarly, at 40% FC, R1+R3MY inoculum had the greatest impacts on soybean pod number, seed number, seed fresh weight, highest seed number per pod and seed dry weight while at 70% water stress, significant impacts of R1MY inoculation were observed on pod number, pod fresh weight and seed dry weight. These results revealed that co-inoculation of rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi can be harnessed biotechnologically to proffer solution to food insecurity.

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Enhancements of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Nitrogen Acquisition of Chrysanthemum morifolium under Salt Stress

10.20944/preprints201710.0183.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanhong Wang ◽

Minqiang Wang ◽

Yan Li ◽

Aiping Wu ◽

Juying Huang

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Symbiotic Associations ◽

Nitrogen Acquisition ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Total Dry Weight

The study aimed to investigate the effects of colonization with two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Funneliformis mosseae , Diversispora versiformis , alone and in combination on the growth and nutrient acquisition of NaCl-stressed Chrysanthemum morifolium (Hangbaiju) plants in the greenhouse experiment. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Hangbaiju plants were grown under different salinity levels imposed by 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl for five months, following 6 weeks of non-saline pre-treatment. The results showed that root length, shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, shoot and root N concentration were higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants under moderate saline conditions especially with D. versiformis colonization. As salinity increased, the mycorrhizal colonization, the mycorrhizal dependence (MD) decreased. Enhancement of tissue N acquisition is probably the main mechanism underlying salt tolerance in AM plants. It is suggested that the symbiotic associations between D. versiformis fungus and C. morifolium plants may be taken as a biotechnological practice in culture.

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230 Evaluation of Two Commercial Formulations of Mycorrhizal Fungi for Honeydew Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seedlings Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.430e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 430E-431

Author(s):

César Guzmán-Loza ◽

J. Farías-Larios ◽

J.G. López-Aguirre

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Plant Production ◽

Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Honeydew Melon ◽

Early Growth Phase ◽

Melon Seeds

Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (MA) on horticultural plant production has great potential as a biotechnological alternative; however, information on its effects on the early growth phase of honeydew melon is lacking. Nevertheless, it would seem that inoculation at the time of sowing would decrease the stress of transplant, improve root vigor, make plants grow faster, improve drought resistance, and lessen the effect of roots diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of inoculating honeydew melon seedlings with two commercial formulations of MA fungi at different study times in an effort to select for higher resistance and infective capacity. `Moonshine' hybrid melon seeds were sown in trials with 200 cavities containing specific doses of inoculate: 0, 100, 200, 250, 500, and 1000 cc/trial of BuRIZE, Mycorrhiza NES. A factorial design was used (formulations and study times) with a randomized distribution and four replications. Four destructive samples were taken at 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after inoculations. Number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, dry weight, root fresh weight, foliar area, and mycorrhizal colonization were recorded. Results obtained showed a highly significant effect between commercial formulations and study times and an interaction of both factors to studied variables. Mycorrhizal colonization percentages were too low (0.3% to 1.7%). At 20 days after inoculations, it was possible to see all the components of functional arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on melon plants roots. Using commercial formulations of mycorrhizal fungi decreased applications of fertilizers in melon plants.

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Interaction Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Different Phosphate Levels on Growth Performance of Catharanthus roseus Linn.

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb336107 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 75-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd AYOOB ◽

Irfan AZIZ ◽

Paramjit Kaur JITE

Keyword(s):

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Am Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Glomus Fasciculatum ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Therapeutic Value

Catharanthus roseus L. (Apocynaceae), a valuable medicinal plant with potential therapeutic value was inoculated with AM fungi Glomus fasciculatum under three different phosphate conditions. Catharanthus roseus plants raised in presence of the AM fungi showed increased growth in terms of (shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight). Total chlorophyll content and phosphate content of the shoot was found to be significantly higher in AM inoculated plants as compared to non AM Catharanthus plants. The activities of phosphatase enzymes were found to be increased in AM inoculated plants as compared to non AM plants. Root colonization percent was significantly higher in AM inoculated plants at zero and at all three phosphate levels after 60, 90 and 120 days of AM inoculation, but decreased at third phosphate level after 120 days of AM inoculation. The study suggests that Catharanthus roseus is dependent on the mycorrhizal fungi to a large extent for its growth and survival and also shows the potential of AM fungi Glomus fasciculatum in increasing growth and biomass of Catharanthus roseus L.

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Effectiveness of native arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of four tree forest species from the Santa Marta Mountain, Veracruz (Mexico)

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2017261-09636 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yolanda Retama-Ortiz ◽

Carlos H. Ávila-Bello ◽

Alejandro Alarcón ◽

Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Forest Species ◽

Reference Base ◽

Total Percentage ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Total Dry Weight

Aim of the study: The aim of this work was to isolate consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated to Liquidambar styraciflua in soils of the Santa Marta Mountain in Veracruz, and to select highly effective mycorrhizal consortia on promoting the growth of four tree forest species with economic and ecological importance.Area of study: Santa Marta Mountain, inside the buffer area of the Los Tuxtlas Biological Reserve in Veracruz (México).Materials and methods: Ten composite samples of rhizosphere soil were collected from L. styraciflua trees of 13-15 cm DBH (diameter at breast height). Roots were fixed in FAA solution to determine the mycorrhizal colonization percentage, the abundance of morphospecies, and its effectiveness in promoting the growth of L. styraciflua, Terminalia amazonia, Cordia alliodora, and Cojoba arborea. Soil physical and chemical characteristics were also analysed, and soil type recognition was performed with the Reference Base for Soil FAO-ISRIC World-SICS. Mycorrhizal colonization was determined by the method of clearing and staining roots with trypan blue; total percentage of colonization was estimated by the Linderman-Biermann method. Spores were extracted for counting and identifying morphospecies from each soil sample, those with more effectiveness were selected and inoculated in the four tree species, based upon a completely random design there were evaluated height, number of leaves, total dry weight and foliar area.Main results: Average mycorrhizal colonization percentage was 45% from natural conditions, samples one and four showed 80% of AMF-colonization. Average number of spores was 617 in 100 g-1 of dry soil. Forty-seven AMF-morphospecies were identified. After eight months significant differences were observed in root colonization, height, number of leaves, total dry weight, leaf area and foliar analysis of N5+, P5+ and K+ on plants inoculated with rhizosphere samples of L. styraciflua. Terminalia amazonia and Cojoba arborea showed greater response to the inoculation of AMF, they showed more height, number of leaves and more total dry weight; whereas C. alliodora appears to be low dependent on AMF.Highlights: Diversispora aurantia and Glomus aggregatum are reported by the first time from Mexican humid tropics. Native AMF have potential biotechnological application. The mycorrhizal consortium six (Glomus and Acaulospora) was the more effective in promoting the development of the four tree species used in the experiment.

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