scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF SEEDLINGS OF COLUBRINA GLANDULOSA PERKINS WITH DRILLING WASTE FROM OIL WELLS AND MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Júlio César Ribeiro ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Ana Caroline Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Joel Quintino Oliveira Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Drilling Waste ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Oil exploration, whether onshore or offshore, results in residues from the drilling of wells, called gravel. The use of this environmental liability in the production of seedlings for forest restoration could contribute to an appropriate destination for this waste. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the substrate formulated with gravel, with and without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on the growth and nutritional status of seedlings of Colubrina glandulosa. The design used was completely randomized in a 5x2 factorial scheme, with five gravel doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), with and without inoculation with a mixture of AMF spores (Gigaspora margarita¸ Rhizophagus clarus, and Dentiscutata heterogama) with six repetitions, totaling 60 experimental units. Height (H) and stem diameter (SD) were evaluated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after seedling transplantation, when the plants were sectioned in shoots (branches + leaves) and roots, to determine dry biomass of shoots (DMS) and of roots (DMR), leaf area index (LAI), rate of length of fine roots colonized by AMF (COL), and chemical composition. The substrate obtained with the application of the lowest gravel dose (5%), without the mycorrhizal inoculation, provided significant increments in H, SD, LAI, DMS, DMR, and COL of the seedlings of Colubrina glandulosa, when compared to the other gravel doses and the presence of mycorrhizal inoculation, 120 days after seedling transplantation.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi selection for Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner clonal cultivar conilon ‘BRS OURO PRETO’

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina da Silva Ardito ◽  
Orivaldo José Saggin Junior ◽  
Rosalba Ortega Fors ◽  
Rogério Sebastião Correa da Costa ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
Glomus Sp

No Brasil a cafeicultura se expande para regiões mais quentes com a cultivar clonal Conilon ‘BRS Ouro Preto’ da espécie C. canephora. A resposta da ‘BRS Ouro Preto’ à inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) ainda não foi testada. O presente estudo visou selecionar espécies de FMAs promotoras do crescimento e nutrição fosfatada da referida cultivar. Avaliaram-se três clones (M057, M194 e M199) em três Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelos, coletados em áreas sob: cana-de-açúcar (Solo 1), Cerrado (Solo 2) e Mata Atlântica (Solo 3). Os tratamentos de inoculação foram: Acaulospora colombiana+Glomus sp., Acaulospora scrobiculata, Claroideoglomuse tunicatum+Glomus sp., Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita e Rhizophagus clarus, além de duas testemunhas não inoculadas, uma delas com adubação completa. O primeiro e o terceiro solos proporcionaram maior desenvolvimento vegetativo às plantas. O teor de clorofila e fósforo nas folhas foi maior nas plantas do solo 3. A melhor resposta à inoculação, expressa através do crescimento e nutrição das plantas, foi verificada no solo 1, sendo os melhores tratamentos C. etunicatum+ Glomus sp. e G. margarita. A espécie Glomus sp., presente nos tratamentos A. colombiana + Glomus sp. e C. etunicatum+Glomus sp., apresentou alta esporulação e promoveu o crescimento e nutrição da ‘BRS Ouro Preto’. Os clones M057 e M194 apresentaram maior crescimento, resposta à inoculação e esporulação de FMAs, comparados ao clone M199. Assim, os clones M057 e M194 podem ser considerados micotróficos e promotores da esporulação, enquanto o clone M199 caracteriza-se por baixa micotrofia.

scholarly journals The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of red chili

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01049
Author(s):  
Anditya Gilang Rizky Pradana ◽  
Puji Harsono ◽  
Amalia Tetrani Sakya
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Absorption Area ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Red chili is one of the strategic horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Improved cultivation technology is required to increase the production of red chili. This research aim to determines the optimal dosage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) to increase the growth and yield of red chili. The research was designed in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block. The first factor was mycorrhizae with three dosages levels: 0, 5, and 10 g plant-1. The other factor was liquid organic fertilizer with 4 level concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ml l-1. The result shows that mycorrhizal inoculation increase the root absorption area. Liquid organic fertilizer increased nutrient sources for plants and improved the physical, biological, and chemical soil. Mycorrhizal inoculation and LOF improved the growth of red chili, there were plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, header width, and leaf area index. The yield components also increased the number of fruit, fruit length, fruit weight, and productivity. The highest productivity was resulted by the treatment of AMF 10 g plant-1 and 15 ml l-1 LOF (11.16 t ha-1), that was 33% higher than without treatment.

scholarly journals First Insights into the Effect of Mycorrhizae on the Expression of Pathogen Effectors during the Infection of Grapevine with Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Ana Cruz-Silva ◽  
Andreia Figueiredo ◽  
Mónica Sebastiana
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Rxlr Effectors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
And Control

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), widely used for berry and wine production, is highly susceptible to the pathogenic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the etiological agent of grapevine downy mildew disease. The method commonly used to prevent and control P. viticola infection relies on multiple applications of chemical fungicides. However, with European Union goals to lower the usage of such chemicals in viticulture there is a need to develop new and more sustainable strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been pointed out as a viable alternative. With this study, we intended to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the expression of P. viticola effectors during infection of grapevine. Grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and, after mycorrhizae development, plants were infected with P. viticola. The expression of P. viticola RxLR effectors was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) during the first hours of interaction. Results show that pre-mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevine alters the expression of several P. viticola effectors; namely, PvRxLR28, which presented decreased expression in mycorrhizal plants at the two time points post-infection tested. These results suggest that the pre-inoculation of grapevine with AMF could interfere with the pathogen’s ability to infect grapevine by modulation of pathogenicity effectors expression, supporting the hypothesis that AMF can be used to increase plant resistance to pathogens and promote more sustainable agriculture practices, particularly in viticulture.

scholarly journals The genome of Rhizophagus clarus HR1 reveals a common genetic basis for auxotrophy among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

BMC Genomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuki Kobayashi ◽  
Taro Maeda ◽  
Katsushi Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiromu Kameoka ◽  
Sachiko Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Clarus

Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of Fe correction in the soil for ameliorating grapevine performance in a copper-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Nogales ◽  
Erika S. Santos ◽  
Gonçalo Victorino ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Maria Manuela Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

<p>Copper-based fungicides are commonly applied in vineyards to control fungal diseases that can severely affect grapevine productivity. Continuous application of this type of fungicides contributes to Cu accumulation in surface horizons of the soil, which can generate toxicity problems in plants, regardless of being an essential nutrient. Several strategies have been proposed to immobilize or counteract the effect of soil contaminants, such as plant inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, depending on the element concentration, this may not be sufficient to avoid its excessive accumulation in belowground and/or aboveground organs. Since Fe is known to have an antagonistic interaction with Cu in plants, Fe application, as an amendment, in vineyard soils, could be a good strategy to avoid excessive Cu uptake by grapevines growing in Cu-contaminated soils. However, little information is available on the combined effects of both strategies.</p><p>In order to reveal the possible beneficial effects of plant mycorrhization and Fe application in Cu-contaminated soils on grapevine growth and nutrition, a mesocosm experiment was established under controlled conditions. Two-year-old plants, previously inoculated or not with two different AMF, were grown in pots filled with 6.5 kg of an Arenosol collected from a wine-growing region. These plants were subjected to three soil treatments: 1) soil contamination with Cu, where the grapevines were watered with a solution containing 5.89 mg/L CuSO<sub>4</sub> to ensure that the soil in each container reached 300 mg Cu/kg; 2) soil contamination with Cu + Fe addition, where the plants were watered with a solution that contained the same amount of CuSO<sub>4</sub> plus 0.38 mg/L of FeNaEDTA·3H<sub>2</sub>O to achieve 100 mg of Fe/kg soil; and 3) non-contaminated soil watered with deionized water. Four months later, at the end of the growing season, plant vegetative growth as well as leaf and root nutrient contents were analyzed.</p><p>Grapevines inoculated with AMF demonstrated a good level of tolerance to high Cu concentrations in soil, as they presented significantly higher root biomass than non-inoculated plants and Cu was mainly accumulated in the roots avoiding its translocation to the aerial part. However, when the Cu-contaminated soil was amended with Fe, a significant decrease was observed in root biomass in all mycorrhizal inoculation treatments and Cu was accumulated in grapevine leaves. Contrastingly, Fe application helped to avoid the excessive increase of Mn concentrations in leaf and roots that is commonly induced in Cu contaminated soils, which can be detrimental for grapevine growth.</p><p>These results demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation is a suitable strategy to promote grapevine growth in Cu-contaminated soils. However, special attention needs to be taken when applying amendments to correct Cu contamination, as the mycorrhizal status of plants may alter the expected outcome.</p><p> </p><div> <div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Eremanthus incanus Less. in a highland field

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Pagano ◽  
M.N. Cabello ◽  
M.R. Scotti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Highland Vegetation ◽  
Glomus Sp

This paper focuses on Eremanthus incanus Less. (Asteraceae), a common species of highland regions in Brazil. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on plant growth (height and diameter) was evaluated. Roots were examined from individuals randomly selected from undisturbed areas of highland vegetation and from an experimental restored site. Results showed that E. incanus presented high AM colonization both in restored and undisturbed sites. Moreover, AM colonization was significantly higher in the inoculated treatment than in the non-inoculated one. The species presented Arum-type colonization and frequent production of vesicles, especially in the restored site. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation stimulated plant growth (height and diameter). Ten AM fungi (AMF) taxa were found in the studied rooting zones: Acaulospora spinosa, A. elegans, A. foveata, Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora margarita, Glomus sp., Dentiscutata biornata, D. cerradensis, Dentiscutata sp. and Racocetra verrucosa. These results revealed that AMF is a common and important component in highland vegetation in Brazil, and should be included in future restoration programs.

scholarly journals Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Matteo Chialva ◽  
Luisa Lanfranco ◽  
Gianluca Guazzotti ◽  
Veronica Santoro ◽  
Mara Novero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
The Difference

As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be effective in enhancing plant resilience to drought, one of the major limiting factors threatening crop productivity. AMF host their own microbiota and previous data demonstrated that endobacteria thriving in Gigaspora margarita modulate fungal antioxidant responses. Here, we used the G. margarita–Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum system to test whether the tripartite interaction between tomato, G. margarita and its endobacteria may improve plant resilience to combined water/nutrient stress. Tomato plants were inoculated with spores containing endobacteria (B+) or not (B-), and exposed to combined water/nutrient stress. Plants traits, AM colonization and expression of AM marker genes were measured. Results showed that mycorrhizal frequency was low and no growth effect was observed. Under control conditions, B+ inoculated plants were more responsive to the symbiosis, as they showed an up-regulation of three AM marker genes involved in phosphate and lipids metabolism compared with B− inoculated or not-inoculated plants. When combined stress was imposed, the difference between fungal strains was still evident for one marker gene. These results indicate that the fungal endobacteria finely modulate plant metabolism, even in the absence of growth response.

scholarly journals Real-case application of mycorrhizal inoculums on Capsicum annuum L. var. longum cv. Szegedi and Kalocsai

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hernádi ◽  
K. Posta
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Glomus Spp ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Case Application ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to test the use of commercially available arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) inoculant Symbivit, a mixture of six species of Glomus spp., in spice pepper field cultivation. The inoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was able to establish a symbiosis in the rhizosphere of pepper plants and mycorrhizal inoculation increased fresh and dry weights of shoots of spice pepper cv. Szegedi and only fresh weight of Kalocsai type. There were no significant differences in the root weights due to treatment only in fresh weight of Kalocsai pepper type. Treated plants of both variants exhibited an increase in cumulative crop production compared with control non-treated plants and the growth response of pepper was higher for var. Szegedi than var. Kalocsai. Mycorrhizal inoculation had a great positive effect on external hyphal length of AMF also showing differences in that between Kalocsai and Szegedi variants. The root colonization showed seasonality by treated and non-treated plants. The lowest degree of colonization was observed in June in general and colonization percent increased during vegetative development and there was a slight decrease at harvesting. In conclusion, it can be stated that inoculation with Symbivit containing mycorrhizal fungi could be an integral part of spice pepper production.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI BIOFERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF CASHEW SEEDLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
O. TRISILAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Glomus Sp

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The effects of several arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on thegrowth, nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), and acidphosphate activity of two promising numbers of Anacardium occidentaleseedling were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute(BALITTRO) in 2002 for six months on a randomized design with twofactors and four replicates. First factor was isolate (six isolates of AMFand one control) consisting of : 1) control; 2) Glomus aggregatum; 3)Glomus etunicatum; 4) Mycofer; 5) Glomus sp.; 6) a mixture of Glomussp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomus etunicatum,Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp., and Enthropospora sp., and 7)Gigaspora sp. The second factor was two cashew promising numbers :Asembagus and Wonogiri. The results showed that AMF inoculationsignificantly affected the growth of cashew. Mycofer and mixed AMFwere more effective to Wonogiri promising number, while for Asembaguspromising number inoculation of mycofer was more effective. Inoculationwith mycofer to Asembagus promising number increased the uptake of Pand K nutrients by 65 and 53% while inoculation with mycofer and mixedAMF to Wonogiri promising number increased the uptake of N, P and Knutrients by 55, 38, and 17%, and by 18, 31, and 17%. Moreover, theAMF inoculation resulted in higher phosphatase activity. In mycorrhizalAsembagus promising number infected by mixed AMF, the increment ofphosphatase activity was 136.5%, whether in Wonogiri promising numberinfected by mycofer, the increment of phosphatase activity was 80% thancontrol.</p><p>Key words: Anacardium occidentale, promising number, growth,phosphatase activity</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Pengaruh Pupuk Hayati Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula(FMA) terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Jambu Mete</p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenisfungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) terhadap pertumbuhan, serapan hara danaktivitas enzim fosfatase dari dua nomor harapan benih jambu mete(Anacardium occidentale). Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balittropada tahun 2002 selama 6 bulan, menggunakan rancangan acak yangterdiri dari dua faktor dan diulang empat kali. Faktor pertama adalahisolate (6 jenis isolat FMA dan satu kontrol) yaitu: 1). kontrol; 2). Glomusaggregatum; 3) Glomus etunicatum; 4). Mycofer; 5). Glomus sp.; 6).campuran dari Glomus sp1, Glomus sp2, Glomus sp3, Glomus sp4, Glomusetunicatum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora sp., Enthropospora sp., dan7). Gigaspora sp. Faktor kedua adalah nomor harapan jambu mete, yaituAsembagus dan Wonogiri. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa inokulasiFMA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan jambu mete. Mycofer dancampuran FMA lebih efektif berpengaruh terhadap nomor harapanWonogiri, sedangkan mycofer lebih efektif berpengaruh terhadap nomorharapan Asembagus. Serapan hara P dan K pada nomor harapanAsembagus yang diinokulasi mycofer meningkat sebesar 65 dan 53%,sedangkan nomor harapan Wonogiri yang diinokulasi mycofer dancampuran FMA, serapan hara N, P, dan K meningkat masing-masingsebesar 55; 38; dan 17%, dan 18; 31; dan 17%. Selain itu, inokulasi FMAdapat meningkatkan aktivitas fosfatase akar jambu mete. Peningkatanaktivitas fosfatase akar jambu mete nomor harapan Asembagus yangterinfeksi oleh campuran FMA sebesar 136,5%, sedangkan pada nomorharapan Wonogiri yang terinfeksi mycofer, peningkatnnya sebesar 80%dibandingkan kontrol.</p><p>Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, nomor harapan, pertumbuhan,aktivitas fosfatase</p>

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