scholarly journals Characterization of Algerian kaolins for utilization as a raw material in electrical insulators

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (374) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
M. Laraba
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Insulator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Porcelain Insulators

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to characterize three samples of kaolin (DD1, DD2 and DD3) collected from Djebel Debbagh deposit (East of Algeria) to be used in electrical porcelain insulators. Grain-size analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were performed. Each sample was mixed with feldspar and silica to obtain three porcelain formulations. The obtained results indicated that the three kaolins were composed by kaolinite and halloysite with variable contents of MnO and Fe2O3 as associated impurities. It was found that the DD1 was the appropriate kaolin as raw material for making the high-voltage electrical insulator which had the highest electrical and mechanical properties (dielectric strength, bending strength and bulk density), while DD2 and DD3 were less suitable due to their lower properties caused by the presence of impurities which must be removed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tanzania local ceramic raw materials for high voltage porcelain insulators production

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (372) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
B. Ngayakamo ◽  
S. E. Park
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Porcelain Insulators ◽  
High Voltage Porcelain

Abstract This study evaluated the potential of locally sourced-ceramic raw materials in Tanzania, Pugu kaolin, Same clay, vermiculite and feldspar, for production of high voltage porcelain insulators. The chemical, mineral phases and microstructural characterization of raw materials and porcelain samples were carried out using the X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The mineral phases of the fired porcelain sample identified were mullite and quartz. The porcelain bodies were fabricated using the dry pressing method by varying the composition of the selected ceramic raw materials. The physical-mechanical properties and dielectric strength were measured for each porcelain sample. The sample with the composition of 20% Pugu kaolin, 20% Same clay, 20% vermiculite and 40% feldspar was found to have the dielectric strength of 50.8 kV.mm-1, bending strength of 20 MPa and water absorption of 0.46%, which satisfies the main requisite properties for high voltage porcelain insulators.

scholarly journals Characterization of avian eggshell waste aiming its use in a ceramic wall tile paste

Cerâmica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (324) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Freire ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Wall Tile ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Sample ◽  
Eggshell Waste

In Brazil, the food industry generates every year huge amounts of avian eggshell waste, and a critical question is to find an adequate use for this waste. The aim of this work is to determine the chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of a nonprocessed avian eggshell waste sample, as well as to investigate its use in wall tile paste. The sample was analyzed regarding to chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, morphology, particle size analysis, density, organic matter, soluble salts, and thermal analysis. The results indicated that the eggshell waste sample rich in CaCO3 can be used as an alternative raw material in the production of wall tile materials.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12/CuO Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Ping Zhu ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Jun Jie Zhao ◽  
Qing Song Wang ◽  
Hong Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Li Ion

Spinel-type electrode material Li4Ti5O12/CuO was synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method. Cupric acetate (Cu(Ac)2) was used as raw material mixed into Li4Ti5O12 to coat the surface of Li4Ti5O12 with CuO in order to improve the electrochemical and cycle performances. The samples were characterized by XRD and the grain size analysis was researched by laser particle-size analyzer. The curves of charge/discharge and cycles Li4Ti5O12/CuO were researched. The results showed that the electrochemical properties of the material were improved. Among the three samples investigated, it was found that the Li4Ti5O12/CuO (coating amount was 4wt%) possesses the best electrochemical performance, and the first discharge specific capacity was 224, 173, 165 and 162mAh/g at 0.5C, 1C, 5C and 10C rate, respectively.

Influence of Composition and Isothermal Sintering on the Properties of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramic Bodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Rungsarit Koonawoot ◽  
Cherdsak Saelee ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiensem ◽  
Sittiporn Punyanitya
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work reports the influence of chemical composition and sintering schedule on the properties of sintered bodies of hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramic. The method of preparing sintered bodies by solid state reaction and uniaxial pressing. The raw material used calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) powder as precursors. These powders were mixed at CaCO3: NH4H2PO4 mass ratio of 1:0.697, 1:0.692, 1:0.689, 1:0.685 and 1:0.68, respectively. The compositions in the temperatures range of 800-1300 °C for 3 hour. The sintered bodies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Properties including phase, microstructures, porosity and bending strength of the samples. The results show that green bodies can be sintered at 1150 °C for 3 hours. This temperature found that crystals growth, highest of HA phase content in sintered bodies, good density and high efficiency strength properties.

scholarly journals Sedimentological Properties of the Sand Dunes and Valley Sediments in Al-Muthanna, Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1F) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Mohammed L. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Southern Iraq

Sedimentological properties of the dunes and valley terrigenous sediments in Al-Muthanna Governorate, southern Iraq were carried out. Ten samples were collected, where five samples from both sand dunes, and valley sediments. Grain size analysis revealed that sand, silt and clay fractions are the constituents of these sediments. Sand fractions predominant in the dunes and the texture is classified as silty sand, whereas clay fractions dominate in the valley sediments, with sandy clay texture. The mineralogy is determined by X-ray diffraction, which revealed that quartz is the main mineral in both study areas, followed by calcite, feldspars in lesser amount and evaporates (gypsum) in minor component of the light minerals. Petrographically, monocrystalline quartz dominates over polycrystalline quartz in both areas. Rock fragments in the valley sediments are higher than in the sand dunes, which are comprised of carbonate, chert, igneous, metamorphic, evaporate, and mudstone rock fragments. Feldspars are approximately similar in the study areas and comprised mainly alkali feldspar (potash feldspar) and plagioclase. Petrogenically, the sand dunes occupy the quartzose-recycled field, while the valley sediments fall in transitional recycled fields represented recycled orogeny.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Kalalani vermiculite for production of high strength porcelain insulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Eugene Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Porcelain Insulators

The present work has evaluated Kalalani vermiculite as a potential raw material for the production of high strength porcelain insulators. Three porcelain compositions were prepared to contain 0, 20 and 30 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite. Porcelain samples were fabricated using a semi-drying method. The chemical, mineralogical phases and microstructural characterization of the raw materials were carried out using XRF, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. Water absorption, bulk density, dielectric and bending strengths were performed on porcelain samples fired up to 1300?C. However, at the sintering temperature of 1250?C, the porcelain sample with 20 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite gave the dielectric strength of 61.3 kV/mm, bending strength of 30.54 MPa, bulk density of 2.21 g/cm3 and low water absorption value of 0.21 % which is the prerequisite properties for high strength porcelain insulators. It was therefore concluded that Kalalani vermiculite has the potential to be used for the production of high strength porcelain insulators

scholarly journals A geotechnical Study on the Characteristics of Swell-Shrink Soils in Kibaha, Tanzania

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Charles Lucian ◽  
Staffan Hintze ◽  
Joseph J. Msambichaka
Keyword(s):  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
The Difference

The properties of Swell-shrink of the soils in Kibaha were studied. Geotechnical and mineralogical tests were carried outon disturbed and undisturbed samples recovered from trial pits at different locations. Using empirical relationships, theswelling potential of the soil was established in correlation with the soil plasticity limits and grain size analysis (claycontents). The average values for the plastic, liquid and linear shrinkage limits for soils were 22.2%, 60.7% and 14.5%respectively. The plasticity Index (PI) which is the difference between liquid limits and plastic limits ranges from 27% to47.4% with an average of 38.5%. The natural water content is very small ranging from 7% to 11% with an average of9.6% which is smaller than the corresponding shrinkage limit.Furthermore, the samples were tested for percentage of volume change in free swell tests and swelling pressure in one-dimensional swell tests. The free swell and upward pressure were in the excess of 100% to 150% and 50 kParespectively. In addition, the coefficient of linear extensibility ranged from 0.09 to 0.14 signifying high to very high swell-shrink potential.Finally, the main clay mineral present in the sample was determined by running the X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. The x-ray diffraction scan indicated the presence of high proportion of clay minerals (smectite) in the soils.

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 in Inverse Microemulsion System with TiOSO4 as Raw Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 747-750
Author(s):  
Xing Xin Jia ◽  
Wen Yuan Gao ◽  
Mei Hong Niu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Microemulsion ◽  
Average Size

The nanosized TiO2was prepared by microemulsion process in the system of cyclohexane/[Span80 combine with Tween40]/water with TiOSO4as raw material. The synthesis process of the powder was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser particle size analysis (LPSA). The results showes that TiO2with the average size of 19.5nm and narrow size distribution was prepared under these conditions of Span80 of 8g and Tween40 of 2g as the emulsifier, water/oil mass ratio of 1/4, amount of TiOSO4of 10mL with the consistency of 0.8mol/L, calcination temperature of 480 °C for 20min.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

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