Preparation of Nano-TiO2 in Inverse Microemulsion System with TiOSO4 as Raw Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 747-750
Author(s):  
Xing Xin Jia ◽  
Wen Yuan Gao ◽  
Mei Hong Niu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Microemulsion ◽  
Average Size

The nanosized TiO2was prepared by microemulsion process in the system of cyclohexane/[Span80 combine with Tween40]/water with TiOSO4as raw material. The synthesis process of the powder was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser particle size analysis (LPSA). The results showes that TiO2with the average size of 19.5nm and narrow size distribution was prepared under these conditions of Span80 of 8g and Tween40 of 2g as the emulsifier, water/oil mass ratio of 1/4, amount of TiOSO4of 10mL with the consistency of 0.8mol/L, calcination temperature of 480 °C for 20min.

scholarly journals Characterization of avian eggshell waste aiming its use in a ceramic wall tile paste

Cerâmica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (324) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Freire ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Wall Tile ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Sample ◽  
Eggshell Waste

In Brazil, the food industry generates every year huge amounts of avian eggshell waste, and a critical question is to find an adequate use for this waste. The aim of this work is to determine the chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of a nonprocessed avian eggshell waste sample, as well as to investigate its use in wall tile paste. The sample was analyzed regarding to chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, morphology, particle size analysis, density, organic matter, soluble salts, and thermal analysis. The results indicated that the eggshell waste sample rich in CaCO3 can be used as an alternative raw material in the production of wall tile materials.

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 in Inverse Micro-Emulsion System with Compound Surfactant

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Wen Yuan Gao ◽  
Xing Xin Jia ◽  
Mei Hong Niu ◽  
Nai Ling Tang ◽  
Zhi Qiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Emulsion Process ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Average Size

The nanosized TiO2 is prepared by micro-emulsion process in the system of cyclohexane / [Span80 combined with OP-10] / water with TiCl4 as raw material. The selection method of the surface-active agents was investigated and the influence of amount of surfactant, water / oil ratio and concentration of reactants on the particle size were discussed in this work. The temperature schedule, crystal structure, particle size distribution and appearance of the nanocrystalline TiO2 were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analysis (LPSA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that: under these conditions of mixture of 8g Span80 and 2g OP-10 as the emulsifier, water / oil mass ratio of 1/4, TiCl4 concentration of 0.6mol / L and calcinations temperature of 510°C, nanoTiO2 powder with smaller particle size and better dispersion was prepared . And the average size of the product was 27.3nm.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ZnO-CdO Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
N. Sahu ◽  
◽  
R. K. Duchaniya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ZnO-CdO nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method by using their respective nitrates. It is a simple and low cost method to prepare nanocomposites. The drying temperature and drying period of prepared gel was varied during the synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) to get surface morphology, idea of getting particle of nanosized range so that further characterizations can be done, to study the optical property of synthesized nanocomposite and measure the band gap . The grain size determined by Scherrer’s formula was found to be between 30-50 nm.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

Preparation of xanthated bentonite and its removal behavior for Pb(II) ions

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. He ◽  
F. R. Li ◽  
R. M. Wang ◽  
F. Y. Li ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Xanthate was successfully grafted onto bentonite by a relatively simple solution reaction. The obtained xanthated bentonite (XBent) was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), particle size analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XBent acting as a type of environmentally friendly adsorbent was applied to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum conditions were as follows: [Pb2 + ] = 500 mg L−1, [XBent] = 2 g L−1, pH = 5.0; oscillating 60 min under 200 rpm at 25°C. The removal rate of lead was up to 99.9%. It was found that the lead(II) ions—XBent adsorption isotherm model fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated by SEM and XRD, which concluded that lead ions were complexed or chelated with XBent. XBent appears to have potential to be used later in water treatment as a type of inorganic polymer reagent.

Synthesis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate by Wet Reaction and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Beatriz Thürmer ◽  
Rafaela Silveira Vieira ◽  
Juliana Machado Fernandes ◽  
Wilbur Trajano Guerin Coelho ◽  
Luis Alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Calcium phosphate cements have bioactivity and osteoconductivity and can be molded and replace portions of bone tissue. The aim of this work was to study the obtainment of α-tricalcium phosphate, the main phase of calcium phosphate cement, by wet reaction from calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid. There are no reports about α-tricalcium phosphate obtained by this method. Two routes of chemical precipitation were evaluated and the use of two calcinations temperatures to obtain the phase of cement. The influence of calcination temperature on the mechanical properties of cement was evaluated. Cement samples were characterized by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, mechanical strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of synthesis route on the crystalline phases of cement and the influence of concentration of reactants on the product of the reaction, as well as, on the mechanical properties of cement.

scholarly journals Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Kurniawan ◽  
Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
The Fourier Transform

SnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by high voltage electrolysis. Tin bare was used for anode and cathode. The effect of potentials and electrolyte were studied. The particles obtained after electrolysis was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The diffractogram is in agreement with the standard diffraction pattern of SnO2 which is identified as tetragonal structure. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that there is a vibration of Sn–O asymmetric at 580 cm-1. The optimum potential for SnO2 nanoparticles synthesis is 60 V at 0.06 M HCl which shows the highest UV-Vis spectrum. The absorption peak of SnO2 nanoparticles by UV-Vis spectrophotometer appears at about 207 nm. The particle size analysis shows that the SnO2 nanoparticles obtained have the size distribution in a range of 25-150 nm with the highest volume at 83.11 nm. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 15th November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 27th February 2017How to Cite: Rahmi, R., Kurniawan, F. (2017). Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 281-286 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.773.281-286)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.773.281-286 

The Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions Method (Eds) for the Production of Ultrafine Y1Ba2Cu3O7 from Nitrate and Mixed Anion Precursor Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin E. Lakis ◽  
Sidney R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractY1Ba2Cu3O7 has been prepared by the evaporative decomposition of solutions method. Nitrate and mixed anion solutions were atomized and decomposed at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 950°C. The resulting materials have been characterized using x-ray powder diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The powder consists of 0.3 micron agglomerated hollow spheres with a primary particle size of 0.06 micron. TGA and x-ray diffraction indicate the presence of barium nitrate and barium carbonate due to incomplete decomposition and/or product contamination by the process environment.

Phase and Particle Size Analysis of SnO2 Nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Abdul Aziz ◽  
Kelimah Elong ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Sizer

Tin Oxide (SnO2) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry. In this study, SnO2 powders were synthesized by a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. The product was annealed at 800 °C for 12 and 24 h before characterizing with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase studies. X-Ray Diffraction results showed that both samples are pure of tetragonal structure with space group P42/mnm. The sample annealed at a longer period, that is, 24 h, shows a higher degree of crystallinity compared to the 12 h annealed sample. It also shows a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM), indicating larger crystallite size for the 24 h annealed sample. The particle size analysis reveals that there are two groups of particle size distributions for both samples. SEM results give values that are different from the particle sizer results due to the different nature of the measurement methods.

scholarly journals Characterization of Algerian kaolins for utilization as a raw material in electrical insulators

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (374) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
M. Laraba
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Insulator ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Porcelain Insulators

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to characterize three samples of kaolin (DD1, DD2 and DD3) collected from Djebel Debbagh deposit (East of Algeria) to be used in electrical porcelain insulators. Grain-size analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis (TG-DTA) were performed. Each sample was mixed with feldspar and silica to obtain three porcelain formulations. The obtained results indicated that the three kaolins were composed by kaolinite and halloysite with variable contents of MnO and Fe2O3 as associated impurities. It was found that the DD1 was the appropriate kaolin as raw material for making the high-voltage electrical insulator which had the highest electrical and mechanical properties (dielectric strength, bending strength and bulk density), while DD2 and DD3 were less suitable due to their lower properties caused by the presence of impurities which must be removed.

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