scholarly journals Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire: New Evidences of Validity

Psico-USF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-493
Author(s):  
Patrícia Nunes da Fonseca ◽  
Nájila Bianca Campos Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Neves Couto ◽  
Jérssia Laís Fonseca dos Santos ◽  
Viviany Silva Araújo Pessoa
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Internal And External Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factorial Analysis

Abstract This study aimed to investigate new evidence of internal and external validity of the Conflict Resolution Behavior Questionnaire (CRBQ) for the context of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 252 people participated this study, being in a marital relationship, with an average age of 38.3 years (SD = 10.87), the majority of whom were married (70%) and female (57.1%). An Exploratory Factorial Analysis of the CRBQ pointed an adequate structure with three factors (agreement, avoidance, and attack), with alphas ranging from 0.75 to 0.77, which were related to personality traits. In this direction, the results are discussed, in the light of the specialized literature, and it is concluded that the psychometric adequacy of the CRBQ expands the evidence of validity and can be used in future studies in the Brazilian context by researchers and those interested in the subject.

Designing for democracy?: an experimental study comparing the outcomes of citizen discussions in online forums with those of online discussions in a forum designed according to deliberative principles

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Strandberg
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Public Deliberation ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Democratic theorists often envision public deliberation as being essential to the working of democracy. Several scholars have also highlighted a potential for realising such deliberations on the internet. Consequentially, an emerging array of experiments in online deliberation has now been developed to achieve online discussions, which would be beneficial for democracy. However, few studies have yet attempted to compare the outcomes of online mini-publics to online citizens’ discussions in general. This article, thus, concerns an online experiment carried out in 2013 with the purpose of examining whether, and under which conditions, forums designed according to deliberative principles produce better ‘democratic outcomes’ – such as coherence of opinions, increased efficacy, trust, and propensity for civic participation – than online citizens’ discussions, which are ‘left to their own devices’. The study applies a post-test only, 2×2 factorial design, with a control group. In total, N=70 participants taking part in the experiment. The findings indicate that the effects of designing for deliberation were generally positive, albeit not for all of the democratic outcomes. In addition, methodological issues of relevance for the internal and external validity of the current experiment, which could be of relevance for future studies, are also brought forth.

scholarly journals External Validity and Worksite Wellness: Lessons From China and Illinois

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Paul E. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Worksite Wellness ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Internal And External Validity

This editorial describes recent randomized controlled trials of worksite wellness interventions and argues that fidelity to intervention designs should be contingent on careful consideration of internal and external validity. A China based hypertension management study which achieved impressive outcomes across 60 workplaces using a comprehensive approach is contrasted with the traditional wellness practices employed in other randomized controlled trials conducted in America. Why studies with negative findings receive more media and professional scrutiny than studies with positive findings is discussed. Three reasons are posited for why bad is stronger than good when it comes to capturing attention. Adoption of new evidence is discussed along with what health promotion professionals can do to advance best practices by considering adoption as an ongoing process.

scholarly journals BIG-FIVE OR BIG-SIX? A ROMANIAN EXPLORATORY STUDY BASED ON A NONVERBAL MEASURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mihaela Minulescu
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Big Six ◽  
Exploratory Factorial Analysis

The Five-Factor Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire, FF-NPQ (Paunonen, Ashton & Johnston, 2001) is an psychometric, structured, nonverbal measure of personality traits defined within the Big-Five model of personality (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The questionnaire has been experimented on Romanian population and the psychometric properties have been studied on a normative sample of 1800 subjects (Iliescu, Minulescu, Nedelcea, 2005). This study presents the results of an exploratory factorial analysis that was carried out in Romania on the items of the Five-Factor Nonverbal Personality Inventory (FFNPQ). The article is focused on the emergence of a 6-factor factorial solution, in some points different from Costa and McCrae's (1992) model, which has been the fundament of FFNPQ construction.

scholarly journals Dominance in dogs as rated by owners corresponds to ethologically valid markers of dominance

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
Lisa J. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Press

Dominance is well defined in ethology, debated in psychology, and is often unclear among the dog owning public and in the press. However, to date, no study has examined how owners perceive dominance in dogs, and what different behaviours and personality types are used to describe dominant and subordinate individuals. A questionnaire study was launched to investigate the external validity of owner-derived estimates of dominance in dog dyads sharing the same household (N = 1,151). According to the owners, dogs rated as dominant (87%) have priority access to resources (resting place, food, and rewards), undertake certain tasks (defend and lead the group, bark more), display dominance (win fights, lick the other’s mouth less, and mark over the other’s urine), share certain personality traits (smarter, more aggressive and impulsive), and are older than their partner dog (all p < 0.0001). An age-related hypothesis has been suggested to explain dominance in dogs; but we found that dog age did not explain the occurrence of dominance related behaviours over the owners’ estimate of dominance status. Results suggest that owner-derived reports of dominance ranks of dogs living in multi-dog households correspond to ethologically valid behavioural markers of dominance. Size and physical condition were unrelated to the perceived dominance. Surprisingly, in mixed-sex dyads, females were more frequently rated as dominant than males, which might correspond to a higher proportion of neutered females in this subgroup. For future studies that wish to allocate dominance status using owner report, we offer a novel survey.

scholarly journals Dominance in dogs as rated by owners corresponds to ethologically valid markers of dominance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
Lisa J Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Press

AbstractDominance is well defined in ethology, debated in psychology, and is often unclear among the dog owning public and in the press. However, to date, no study has examined how owners perceive dominance in dogs, and what different behaviours and personality types are used to describe dominant and subordinate individuals. A questionnaire study was launched to investigate the external validity of owner-derived estimates of dominance in dog dyads sharing the same household (N = 1151). According to the owners, dogs rated as dominant (87%) have priority access to resources (resting place, food, and rewards), undertake certain tasks (defend and lead the group, bark more), display dominance (win fights, lick the other’s mouth less, and mark over the other’s urine), share certain personality traits (smarter, more aggressive and impulsive), and are older than their partner dog (all p < 0.0001). An age-related hypothesis has been suggested to explain dominance in dogs, but we found that dog age did not explain the occurrence of dominance-related behaviours over the owners’ estimate of dominance status. Results suggest that owner-derived reports of dominance ranks of dogs living in multi-dog households correspond to ethologically valid behavioural markers of dominance. Size and physical condition were unrelated to the perceived dominance. Surprisingly, in mixed-sex dyads, females were more frequently rated as dominant than males, which might correspond to a higher proportion of neutered females in this subgroup. For future studies that wish to allocate dominance status using owner report, we offer a novel survey.

The German Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal and External Validity

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
External Validity ◽  
German Version ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.

Handwriting Analysis and Personality Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greasley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

It has been estimated that graphology is used by over 80% of European companies as part of their personnel recruitment process. And yet, after over three decades of research into the validity of graphology as a means of assessing personality, we are left with a legacy of equivocal results. For every experiment that has provided evidence to show that graphologists are able to identify personality traits from features of handwriting, there are just as many to show that, under rigorously controlled conditions, graphologists perform no better than chance expectations. In light of this confusion, this paper takes a different approach to the subject by focusing on the rationale and modus operandi of graphology. When we take a closer look at the academic literature, we note that there is no discussion of the actual rules by which graphologists make their assessments of personality from handwriting samples. Examination of these rules reveals a practice founded upon analogy, symbolism, and metaphor in the absence of empirical studies that have established the associations between particular features of handwriting and personality traits proposed by graphologists. These rules guide both popular graphology and that practiced by professional graphologists in personnel selection.

Biographical Studies of G.I. Gurdjieff

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-35
Author(s):  
Joseph Azize
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject

The various published biographies and biographical notices of G.I. Gurdjieff (c.1865-1949) are of diverse style, quantity and content. While some have made considerable contributions to the subject, most attempts have reacted for or against Gurdjieff’s status as what might call an ‘Enlightened Master’. Little biographical writing on Gurdjieff has questioned the scope, reliability and prejudices of the sources. Further, possible resources have been neglected. The development in Gurdjieff’s ideas is often overlooked, his life is not sufficiently related to that development, and the lack of comparative research has failed to highlight Gurdjieff’s unique contributions. This article is structured in four parts. The first is an introduction, followed by an overview of existing biographical studies of Gurdjieff. The third part addresses bias in these studies, and this is followed by suggestions for future studies. It is concluded that fieldwork regarding the biography of Gurdjieff has been hampered by imperfect methodology. However, with better use of the source material, some of which has only recently been discovered, and a rigorous use of sources, a more balanced and nuanced picture of Gurdjieff’s life, and the development of his ideas and methods, should emerge.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Influence Regulation and Deinfluentization Scale (DEI-beh)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kożusznik ◽  
Anita Pollak ◽  
Dominik Adamek ◽  
Damian Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Managerial Effectiveness ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Reciprocal Influences ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Our article presents work on the development and validation of Influence Regulation and Deinfluentization Scale (DEI-beh). Reviewing concepts regarding its influence constitutes an introduction to the original deinfluentization concept coined by Barbara Kożusznik. The author’s theory has provided the basis for creating a diagnostic tool. The elaborated DEI-beh method consists in evaluating conditions which determine managerial effectiveness and shape reciprocal influences among team members. Our article describes this tool’s creation and its validation procedure. Positive relationships between DEI-beh’s individual dimensions and temperament characteristics, defined in Pavlov’s concept (1952), and selected personality traits, proposed in the Five-Factor Model Personality by Costa and McCrae (1992), confirm the tool’s external validity.

scholarly journals A novel preference-informed complementary trial (PICT) design for clinical trial research influenced by strong patient preferences

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Ali ◽  
◽  
Gareth Hopkin ◽  
Naveen Poonai ◽  
Lawrence Richer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Clinical Trial Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Internal And External Validity ◽  
Treatment Population

Abstract Background Patients and their families often have preferences for medical care that relate to wider considerations beyond the clinical effectiveness of the proposed interventions. Traditionally, these preferences have not been adequately considered in research. Research questions where patients and families have strong preferences may not be appropriate for traditional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) due to threats to internal and external validity, as there may be high levels of drop-out and non-adherence or recruitment of a sample that is not representative of the treatment population. Several preference-informed designs have been developed to address problems with traditional RCTs, but these designs have their own limitations and may not be suitable for many research questions where strong preferences and opinions are present. Methods In this paper, we propose a novel and innovative preference-informed complementary trial (PICT) design which addresses key weaknesses with both traditional RCTs and available preference-informed designs. In the PICT design, complementary trials would be operated within a single study, and patients and/or families would be given the opportunity to choose between a trial with all treatment options available and a trial with treatment options that exclude the option which is subject to strong preferences. This approach would allow those with strong preferences to take part in research and would improve external validity through recruiting more representative populations and internal validity. Here we discuss the strengths and limitations of the PICT design and considerations for analysis and present a motivating example for the design based on the use of opioids for pain management for children with musculoskeletal injuries. Conclusions PICTs provide a novel and innovative design for clinical trials with more than two arms, which can address problems with existing preference-informed trial designs and enhance the ability of researchers to reflect shared decision-making in research as well as improving the validity of trials of topics with strong preferences.

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