Prevalence of crack cocaine use and its associated factors in patients treated in a specialized outpatient service

Abstract Background Despite the advance in studies addressing the use of crack cocaine, knowledge about the characteristics of users that seek treatment in the different modalities of care for substance use disorders is important to plan the operationalization of these services. Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the use of crack cocaine in outpatients. Method Cross-sectional study consisting in the analysis of the medical records of outpatients of a chemical dependency clinic located in the south of Brazil from 1999 to 2015. The Fisher’s exact test and the Poisson regression model were used to analyze the data. Results Medical records from 1,253 patients were analyzed, and 1,196 (95.5%) of them contained information on the use of crack cocaine. Use of this substance was reported by 47% (95% CI [44, 50]) of the outpatients. The risk group was composed of adults aged 20-39 years, with no income, who had three or more children, did not consume alcohol or marijuana, had continuous family assistance, spontaneously looked for the service, and had already been hospitalized or assisted at a therapeutic community or psychosocial center. Conclusion There is great demand for the outpatient care of crack cocaine users. It is crucial that the risk factors guide treatment planning.

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Alcohol and Crack Cocaine Use in Women: A 14-Year Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Addictive Diseases ◽

10.1080/10550887.2014.882726 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Márcio Mariano Moreira ◽

Gerson Laurindo Barbosa ◽

Ronaldo Laranjeira ◽

Sandro Sendin Mitsuhiro

Keyword(s):

Crack Cocaine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cocaine Use

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ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL, MARIJUANA, AND COCAINE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FROM RIBEIRÃO PRETO - BRAZIL

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1980-265x-tce-cicad-3-15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (spe) ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline de Souza ◽

Hayley Hamilton ◽

Maria da Gloria Miotto Wright

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Other Substances ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use, abuse, and dependence, and to identify the association between the use of these substances and the academic performance of undergraduate students. Method: a cross-sectional study with 275 undergraduate students from health and humanities courses at a university in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The instruments used were the Questionnaire for Screening the Use of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances and the student’s self-report on their performance considering a scale from zero to 10. For analysis, Fisher’s Exact Test and Pearson’s Chi-square test were used. Results: the pattern of alcohol and cocaine use in the sample studied was similar to the national average; however the prevalence of marijuana abuse was higher than the average. The use of marijuana was associated with the students’ academic performance in this study. Conclusion: the same association between abuse of and dependence on marijuana was not identified in the sample studied.

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BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN: RECURRENCE AND SURVIVAL AT FIVE YEARS

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-07072015000600014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 740-747

Author(s):

Valéria Costa Peres ◽

Danyelle Lorrane Carneiro Veloso ◽

Raphaela Maioni Xavier ◽

Ana Karina Marques Salge ◽

Janaína Valadares Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Reference Hospital ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Local Regional Recurrence ◽

Overall Mortality

ABSTRACTWomen undergoing breast cancer treatment are still at risk of recurrence. This study investigated the association among survival and relapse with staging of breast cancer in women treated in an oncology reference hospital in Goiânia-GO, Brazil over a five-year period after diagnosis in 2008. This descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with the medical records of 460 women. Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test and the Kaplan Meier Curve. Overall, mortality, local/regional recurrence and metastasis were at 14.1%, 6.5% and 25.2%, respectively. There was an improvement in the survival of women with breast cancer at five years, but there is still a significant number of women diagnosed in advanced stages and experiencing recurrence, indicating there is a need to improve detection of the disease in its early stages and recurrences.

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Factors associated with diabetes among the elderly receiving care at a specialized gerontology-geriatric outpatient clinic

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-22562017020.160145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 363-373

Author(s):

Roberta de Souza Pereira da Silva Ramos ◽

Ana Paula de Oliveira Marques ◽

Vânia Pinheiro Ramos ◽

Anna Karla de Oliveira Tito Borba ◽

Avelino Maciel Alves de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outpatient Service ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test

Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of diabetes and its relation to associated factors in elderly persons receiving care at a specialist gerontology-geriatric outpatient service. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 301 elderly persons of both genders was performed. Method: The bivariate analysis was performed using the Pearson’s Chi-square test for Independence and Fisher's exact test, considering 5% of significance and 95% confidence. A multivariate logistic regression model was adjusted to identify factors that may influence the occurrence of diabetes. Result: There was no statistically significant association between the prevalence of diabetes and socioeconomic and demographic variables, behavioral factors and health conditions. Only the Body Mass Index variable was close to being statistically significant (p=0.059). Conclusion: The result confirms the need to develop new studies on the subject to consider the particularities and specificities of the elderly population to enable the creation of educational intervention strategies aimed at this group.

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SARS-CoV-2: Vaccine Hesitancy among Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with HIV in Miami, Florida

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab154 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Deborah L Jones ◽

Ana S Salazar ◽

Violeta J Rodriguez ◽

Raymond R Balise ◽

Claudia Uribe Starita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Advisory Group ◽

Medical Mistrust ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 and HIV disproportionally affect underrepresented ethnoracial groups in the US. Medical mistrust and vaccine hesitancy will likely impact acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This study examined SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among underrepresented ethnoracial groups with HIV and identified factors that may reduce vaccine uptake. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults ≥18 years with HIV residing in Miami, FL. Participants were invited to participate in the ACTION (A Comprehensive Translational Initiative on Novel Coronavirus) cohort study. A baseline survey was administered from April-August 2020 and followed by a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey from August-November 2020. The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey was adapted from the Strategic Advisory Group Experts survey. Comparisons by race and ethnicity were performed using the Freedman-Haltmann extension of Fisher’s exact test Results A total of 94 participants were enrolled, mean age 54.4 years, 52% female, 60% Black non-Latinx, and 40% non-Black Latinx. Black non-Latinx participants were less likely to agree that vaccinations are important for health when compared to non-Black Latinx (67.8% vs 92.1%, p=0.009), less likely to agree that vaccines are effective in preventing disease (67.8% vs 84.2%, p=0.029), less likely to believe that vaccine information is reliable and trustworthy (35.7% vs 71.1%, p=0.002), and less likely to believe vaccines were unnecessary because COVID-19 would disappear soon (11% vs 21%, p=0.049). Conclusion Medical mistrust, vaccine hesitancy and negative sentiments about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are prevalent among underrepresented ethnoracial groups with HIV, particularly Black non-Latinx. Targeted strategies to increase vaccine uptake in this population are warranted.

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Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2020-216030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jech-2020-216030

Author(s):

Benjamin J Gray ◽

Richard G Kyle ◽

Jiao Song ◽

Alisha R Davies

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Household Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Response ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact

BackgroundThe public health response to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a detrimental impact on employment and there are concerns the impact may be greatest among the most vulnerable. We examined the characteristics of those who experienced changes in employment status during the early months of the pandemic.MethodsData were collected from a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of the working age population (18–64 years) in Wales in May/June 2020 (n=1379). We looked at changes in employment and being placed on furlough since February 2020 across demographics, contract type, job skill level, health status and household factors. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test and multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, subgroups and employment outcomes.ResultsOf our respondents, 91.0% remained in the same job in May/June 2020 as they were in February 2020, 5.7% were now in a new job and 3.3% experienced unemployment. In addition, 24% of our respondents reported being placed on furlough. Non-permanent contract types, individuals who reported low mental well-being and household financial difficulties were all significant factors in experiencing unemployment. Being placed on ‘furlough’ was more likely in younger (18–29 years) and older (60–64 years) workers, those in lower skilled jobs and from households with less financial security.ConclusionA number of vulnerable population groups were observed to experience detrimental employment outcomes during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted support is needed to mitigate against both the direct impacts on employment, and indirect impacts on financial insecurity and health.

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Clinical pattern and predictors of stroke treatment outcome among hospitalised patients who had a stroke at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialised hospital, northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e040238

Author(s):

Belayneh Kefale ◽

Amien Ewunetei ◽

Mulugeta Molla ◽

Gobezie Temesgen Tegegne ◽

Amsalu Degu

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Clinical Pattern ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Poor Treatment

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the clinical pattern and predictors of stroke treatment outcomes among hospitalised patients in Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialised hospital (FHCSH) in northwest Ethiopia.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted medical ward of FHCSH.ParticipantsThe medical records of 597 adult patients who had a stroke were included in the study. All adult (≥18 years) patients who had a stroke had been admitted to the medical ward of FHSCH during 2015–2019 were included in the study. However, patients with incomplete medical records (ie, incomplete treatment regimen and the status of the patients after treatment) were excluded in the study.ResultsIn the present study, 317 (53.1%) were males, and the mean age of the study participants was 61.08±13.76 years. About two-thirds of patients (392, 65.7%) were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. Regarding clinical pattern, about 203 (34.0%) of patients complained of right-side body weakness and the major comorbid condition identified was hypertension (216, 64.9%). Overall, 276 (46.2%) of them had poor treatment outcomes, and 101 (16.9%) of them died. Patients who cannot read and write (AOR=42.89, 95% CI 13.23 to 111.28, p<0.001), attend primary school (AOR=22.11, 95% CI 6.98 to 55.99, p<0.001) and secondary school (AOR=4.20, 95% CI 1.42 to 12.51, p<0.001), diagnosed with haemorrhagic stroke (AOR=2.68, 95% CI 1.62 to 4.43, p<0.001) and delayed hospital arrival more than 24 hours (AOR=2.92, 95% CI 1.83 to 4.66, p=0.001) were the independent predictors of poor treatment outcome.ConclusionsApproximately half of the patients who had a stroke had poor treatment outcomes. Ischaemic stroke was the most predominantly diagnosed stroke type. Education status, types of stroke and the median time from onset of symptoms to hospitalisation were the predictors of treatment outcome. Health education should be given to patients regarding clinical symptoms of stroke. In addition, local healthcare providers need to consider the above risk factors while managing stroke.

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A cross-sectional study reporting concussion exposure, assessment and management in Western Australian general practice

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-021-01384-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Thomas ◽

HuiJun Chih ◽

Belinda Gabbe ◽

Melinda Fitzgerald ◽

Gill Cowen

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Limited Information ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Usual Practice ◽

Exact Test ◽

Concussion Management ◽

Practice Knowledge ◽

Western Australian

Abstract Background General Practitioners (GPs) may be called upon to assess patients who have sustained a concussion despite limited information being available at this assessment. Information relating to how concussion is actually being assessed and managed in General Practice is scarce. This study aimed to identify characteristics of current Western Australian (WA) GP exposure to patients with concussion, factors associated with GPs’ knowledge of concussion, confidence of GPs in diagnosing and managing patients with concussion, typical referral practices and familiarity of GPs with guidelines. Methods In this cross-sectional study, GPs in WA were recruited via the RACGP WA newsletter and shareGP and the consented GPs completed an electronic survey. Associations were performed using Chi-squared tests or Fisher’s Exact test. Results Sixty-six GPs in WA responded to the survey (response rate = 1.7%). Demographics, usual practice, knowledge, confidence, identification of prolonged recovery as well as guideline and resource awareness of GPs who practised in regional and metropolitan areas were comparable (p > 0.05). Characteristics of GPs were similar between those who identified all symptoms of concussion and distractors correctly and those who did not (p > 0.05). However, 84% of the respondents who had never heard of concussion guidelines were less likely to answer all symptoms and distractors correctly (p = 0.039). Whilst 78% of the GPs who were confident in their diagnoses had heard of guidelines (p = 0.029), confidence in managing concussion was not significantly associated with GPs exposure to guidelines. It should be noted that none of the respondents correctly identified signs of concussion and excluded the distractors. Conclusions Knowledge surrounding concussion guidelines, diagnosis and management varied across GPs in WA. Promotion of available concussion guidelines may assist GPs who lack confidence in making a diagnosis. The lack of association between GPs exposure to guidelines and confidence managing concussion highlights that concussion management may be an area where GPs could benefit from additional education and support.

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Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke during Pregnancy Increase the Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study among Full-Term Infants

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1068

Author(s):

Muliana Edi ◽

Yit Chin ◽

Fui Woon ◽

Geeta Appannah ◽

Poh Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shs Exposure ◽

At Home

Despite the advancement of the healthcare system, low birth weight (LBW) remains as one of the leading causes of under-five mortality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBW and its associated factors among 483 third trimester pregnant women recruited from six selected public health clinics in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Pregnant women were interviewed for information on socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviour, and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and in the workplace. Information on the obstetrical history and prenatal care visits history were retrieved from the maternal medical records, while infant’s birth outcomes were retrieved from infant medical records. The prevalence of LBW (<2.5 kg) in infants was 10.4%, with a mean birth weight of 3.0 [standard deviation (SD) 0.4] kg. Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that inadequate weight gained during pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–4.90] and exposure to SHS at home (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.03–3.55) were significantly associated with LBW. In conclusion, pregnant women should monitor their rate of weight gain throughout pregnancy and avoid SHS exposure at home to reduce the risk of delivering LBW infants.

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HEALTH LITERACY OF INDIVIDUALS UNDERGOING DIALYSIS THERAPY

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2017-0418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Naylla de Melo Bezerra ◽

Sara Rebeca de Oliveira Lessa ◽

Marcelo Francisco do Ó ◽

Givaneide Oliveira de Andrade Luz ◽

Anna Karla de Oliveira Tito Borba

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Functional Health ◽

P Value ◽

Functional Health Literacy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Adequate Health Literacy

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the functional levels of health literacy in individuals undergoing dialysis. Method: a cross-sectional study with 42 patients of the Nephrology Unit of a public hospital in Recife, Brazil, from May to August 2016. Data were collected through scripted interviews and chart analysis. Functional health literacy was measured using the Brazilian version of the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) software, version 18.0, with a univariate analysis to verify the association between independent variables and functional health literacy levels using Fisher's exact test. Results: 80.9% of the patients presented inadequate health literacy and 19.1% presented adequate health literacy. The number of correct answers remained between 0-18 in the reading comprehension and in the scheduling appointment card. Among the independent variables, only marital status (p-value=0.018) and personal income (p-value=0.009) were factors associated with the worst scores in the test, indicating that these variables influence the increase in inadequate literacy. Conclusion: the prevalence of inadequate functional literacy was high, reflecting difficulties in understanding and processing health information, which may interfere with therapeutic management and self-care.

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