CELL METABOLISM UNDER DIFFERENT INTENSITY EXERCISES IN SPORTS MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Lan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cartilage Cells

ABSTRACT Introduction: Articular cartilage is an essential structure for joint weight-bearing and movement. If it is always under a specific mechanical stimulation, it will cause osteoarthritis (OA) and even involve the articular cartilage. Sports can affect articular cartilage thickness, cartilage surface morphology, and cartilage cell metabolism. Objective: This thesis studies the cell metabolism of knee cartilage tissue with exercises of different intensities. Methods: We divided 40 rats into four groups according to exercise intensity. The control group exercised freely, while the experimental group exercised with different intensities. After eight weeks of exercise, we extracted the knee joint cartilage to observe its cell metabolism. Results: We found that the cartilage surface of the rats was complete after exercise, and the thickness of the cartilage layer was significantly greater than that of rats without exercise. Conclusion: Exercises of different intensities have different effects on the metabolism of cartilage cells in the knee joint of rats. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Histological Features of Osteoarthritis in a State of Decompensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Timur B. Minasov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Yakupova ◽  
Dilmurod Ruziboev ◽  
Ruslan M. Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Ruslan F. Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Social Significance

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main reasons for decreased mobility in patients of the older age group. Increasing the life expectancy leads to predominance non-epidemic pathology in all developed countries. Therefore, degenerative diseases of musculoskeletal system have not only medical significance but also social significance. Objective is studying the morphological features of synovial environment of the decompensated osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. Structural features of subchondral bone, hyaline cartilage of the femur and tibia, the articular capsule, menisci and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint were studied in 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Bashkirian State Medical University in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material selection, preparation of histological samples, staining with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy was performed. Adaptive signs of articular cartilage of the femoral condyles manifest in the form of cartilage tissue rearrangement, which are most pronounced in the central zone of the cartilage. At the same time, the phenomena of decompensation and significant areas of destruction are noted. Also, the subchondral bone was replaced with connective tissue with subsequent sclerosis. This sclerosis subsequently led to the decompensation of structures of the hyaline cartilage in the deep and middle zones. Destructive and dystrophic processes were noted in the knee joint menisci. Articular cartilage was replaced with granulation tissue with subsequent invasion of blood vessels. Cruciate ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation due to expansion of endothenonium layers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE TISSUES OF THE RABBIT KNEE JOINT DUE TO EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOARTHRITIS AFTER THE USE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 359 (58) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Nikolai MALYUK ◽  
◽  
Yuliia DEMIANTSEVA ◽  
Yuriy KHARKEVYCH ◽  
Roman BOKOTKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Allogeneic Bone ◽  
Experimental Osteoarthritis ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the study was to investigate the regenerative processes in the knee joint of rabbits with experimental osteoarthritis after using of allogeneic bone marrow stem cells and a traditional treatment with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Meloxicam. For the experiment were used 27 male California rabbits (males). Three groups of animals were formed: a control group; the first experimental group treated by the traditional method; the second experimental group treated with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Animals in the three groups were subjected to osteoarthritis of the knee joint by double injection of 3.44% retinol acetate into the joint cavity at a dose of 1 ml at intervals of 7 days. Tissue from the affected site was sampled for histological examination at 7, 14 and 28 days. The histological sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and examined under a microscope. It has been established that intra-articular administration of 3.5 × 106 cells of allogeneic MSCs in experimental osteoarthritis contributes to the restoration of the superficial layer of cartilage, as evidenced by the formation of columns of chondrocytes in the middle layer of articular cartilage and the appearance of isogenic groups of cartilage cells with basophilic cytoplasm in the matrix, uniform articular surface. The use of the traditional method of treating rabbits using the drug Meloxicam is accompanied by incomplete chondrogenesis: part of the chondrocytes is localized in typical chambers, in some cases chondrocyte chambers did not differentiate; articular cartilage had unequal thickness, cell placement was uneven.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Lower Body Positive Pressure Supported Treadmill Exercise Regime on Systemic Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Stephen Cornish ◽  
Jason Peeler
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
And Cartilage

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been linked to a chronic low-grade inflammatory response and altered metabolic activity of articular cartilage. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week (3 times/week) lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmill walking regime on knee pain and systemic biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation. Methods: Sixteen overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) knee OA patients were randomized to a LBPP treadmill walking exercise group (N = 7) or non-exercise control group (N = 9). Baseline and 12-week follow-up assessments evaluated the following dependent variables: acute knee pain during full weight bearing treadmill walking; inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, s100A8/A9, and tumor necrosis factor-α), and catabolic metabolism of articular cartilage (sCOMP). Results: Knee pain at baseline and follow-up remained unchanged for the non-exercise control group (P > 0.05). However, knee pain for the LBPP exercise group was significantly decreased at follow-up (P ≤ 0.05). No differences in the biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation were observed for between and within group comparisons (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Data suggested that the LBPP supported walking regime could be effectively used to promote regular weight bearing exercise without exacerbation of knee joint pain and did not increase levels of systemic inflammation or catabolic activity of articular cartilage in overweight knee OA patients. This pilot investigation offers important insight regarding the potential role that the LBPP technology could play in facilitating investigations examining the disease modifying effect of exercise on knee OA pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Dorsal Wrist Pain in the Extended Wrist-Loading Position: An MRI Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Nance ◽  
David Byun ◽  
Yoshimi Endo ◽  
Scott Wolfe ◽  
Steve Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cyst ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Wrist Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Ganglion Cysts ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Dorsal Ganglion

Background The etiology of dorsal wrist pain associated with loading of the wrist in extension has not been clearly identified in the literature. Purpose Many exercise disciplines incorporate upper extremity weight-bearing exercises in an extended wrist posture, for example push-ups, plank position, and various yoga and Pilates poses. This study evaluates patients with dorsal wrist pain in the extended wrist-loading position and identifies anatomic abnormalities in the wrist using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed comparing MRI of patients who complained of dorsal wrist pain while performing weight bearing in a wrist extension position with a control group of patients who complained of ulnar-sided wrist pain. The primary MRI outcome was dorsal wrist pathology, including occult dorsal ganglion cyst, scapholunate ligament tear or degeneration, and dorsal capsulitis. Results Dorsal wrist pathology was significantly more prevalent in patients with dorsal wrist pain (84%) than in the patient cohort with ulnar-sided wrist pain (12%). Occult dorsal ganglion cysts were the most common sources of pathology (76%). Conclusion MRI demonstrated an identifiable dorsal abnormality in 84% of patients with dorsal wrist pain associated with weight bearing on the extended wrist. Occult dorsal ganglion cysts are the most common cause of dorsal wrist pain, followed by partial scapholunate tears. When patients complain of dorsal wrist pain during specific extended loading wrist positions such as push-ups, yoga, or Pilates poses, an MRI may be warranted to help identify anatomic abnormalities that may help guide treatment choices. Level of Evidence Diagnostic, Level III.

BIOMECHANICAL ENERGY METABOLISM MODEL OF SPORTS MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-677
Author(s):  
Lu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Tibiofemoral Joint ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Peak Value

ABSTRACT Introduction: This is a study on the reasonable organization and collocation of sports health elements in different sports forms, and how this is reflected through scientific exercise instructors. Objective: To improve the effect of sports medicine on the biomechanical energy metabolism of human health. Methods: The biomechanical model of knee joint stress was used to analyze the mechanical behavior of knee joint flexion, such as movement and contact; the variation law and peak value of stress on the contact surface of the tibiofemoral joint were obtained. Results: Based on the changes of stress on tibiofemoral joint contact surface and the peak value of the data obtained in this paper, the model and data basis were provided for guiding scientific sports training and sports medicine treatment, preventing knee joint sports injury, knee joint inflammation, and reasonably improving sports performance. Conclusions: Sports medicine is effective in improving human health. The objects of clinical exercise guidance include all people, from infancy to the old age. The function of exercise is recognized in the effect of the whole process of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of a variety of clinical diseases. The effectiveness of exercise in the whole process of disease is also recognized. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Meniscus and Synovial Membrane: An Electronmicroscopic Study on Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Hu ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
R.T. Zuo ◽  
K.L. Wang ◽  
L. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Articular Cartilage Surface ◽  
Scanning Electronmicroscopy ◽  
Transmission Electronmicroscopy

Seven healthy mature rabbits were used to study both the surface morphology of the meniscus using both transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and articular cartilage of the femoral condyle using SEM. Results showed that the membrane covering the meniscus was structurally the extension of synovial membrane of the knee joint capsule. Additionally, the presence of canal-like openings over the membranous surface to the meniscus was noted, which were absent over the articular cartilage surface. Key words: transmission and scanning electronmicroscopy, meniscus, articular cartilage, rabbits

scholarly journals Stress distribution in the knee joint in relation to tibiofemoral angle using the finite element method

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 07007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Karpiński ◽  
Łukasz Jaworski ◽  
Józef Jonak ◽  
Przemysław Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Element Method

The article presents the results of a preliminary study on the structural analysis of the knee joint, considering changes in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage of the joint. Studies have been made due to the need to determine the tension distribution occurring in the cartilage of the human knee. This distribution could be the starting point for designing custom made human knee prosthesis. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the knee joint and articular cartilage was introduced. Based on a series of computed tomography [CT] scans, the 3D model of human knee joint was reverse-engineered, processed and exported to CAD software. The static mechanical analysis of the knee joint model was conducted using the finite element method [FEM], in three different values of tibiofemoral angle and with varying mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue. Main conclusions of the study are: the capability to absorb loads by articular cartilage of the knee joint is preliminary determined as decreasing with increasing degenerations of the cartilage and with age of a patient. Without further information on changes of cartilage’s mechanical parameters in time it is hard to determine the nature of relation between mentioned capability and these parameters.

scholarly journals Coculture of hWJMSCs and pACs in Oriented Scaffold Enhances Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Shuyun Liu ◽  
Weimin Guo ◽  
Chunxiang Hao ◽  
Mingjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Collagen Ii ◽  
Differentiation Status

Seed cells of articular cartilage tissue engineering face many obstacles in their application because of the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes or unstable chondrogenic differentiation status of pluripotent stem cells. To overcome mentioned dilemmas, a simulation of the articular cartilage microenvironment was constructed by primary articular cartilage cells (pACs) and acellular cartilage extracellular matrix- (ACECM-) oriented scaffold cocultured with human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) in vitro. The coculture groups showed more affluent cartilage special matrix ingredients including collagen II and aggrecan based on the results of histological staining and western blotting and cut down as many pACs as possible. The RT-PCR and cell viability experiments also demonstrated that hWJMSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into chondrocytes when cultured in the simulated cartilage microenvironment, as confirmed by the significant upregulation of collagen II and aggrecan, while the cell proliferation activity of pACs was significantly improved by cell-cell interactions. Therefore, compared with monoculture and chondrogenic induction of inducers, coculture providing a simulated native articular microenvironment was a potential and temperate way to regulate the biological behaviors of pACs and hWJMSCs to regenerate the hyaline articular cartilage.

Effects of Mechanical Vibration on Matrix Production and Proliferation of Three-Dimensional Cultured Chondrocytes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Takagi ◽  
Toshihiko Shiraishi ◽  
Shin Morishita ◽  
Ryohei Takeuchi ◽  
Tomoyuki Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Vibration Treatment ◽  
Matrix Production

This paper describes the effects of vibration stimulation on chondrocytes in three-dimensional culture in relation to the production of regenerative cartilage tissue, using collagen artificial skin as a carrier and supplementation with hyaluronic acid (used in the conservative treatment of osteoarthritis), and the mechanism of the adaptive response of chondrocytes to mechanical loading. The experimental condition imitates an environment of articular cartilage in vivo that chondrocytes are completely surrounded by the extracellular matrix and receives mechanical stimulation for the weight-bearing mechanics. Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage of porcine metatarsophalangeal joints. Experiments were performed under four different culture conditions: control condition, in which chondrocytes were cultured with atelocollagen gel and collagen artificial skins, and no vibration (HA−Vib−); HA−Vib+, in which chondrocytes were cultured in atelocollagen gel and collagen artificial skins with vibration treatment for 2 weeks; HA+Vib−, in which chondrocytes were cultured in medium containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid; and HA+Vib+, in which chondrocytes were cultured in medium containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid with vibration treatment for 2 weeks. Histologic analysis was conducted at 14 days of culture. The proliferation of chondrocytes was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer after 3, 7, 10, and 14 days of culture. The expression of Sox 9 and β-catenin was detected by western blotting analysis. Sox 9 has been reported of involvement in transcription of type IX collagen that binds cartilage-specific type II collagen fibrils. β-catenin plays an important role of signaling pathways of cell proliferation although the relationship between β-catenin and mechanical vibration stimulation has not been clarified yet. The obtained results are as follows. The mechanical vibration enhanced the thickness of extracellular matrix of chondrocytes in histologic section at 14 days of culture and increased the expression of Sox 9. In addition, the mechanical vibration significantly increased the number of chondrocytes after 10 days of culture and promoted the expression of β-catenin. These results show that mechanical vibration promotes the matrix production and proliferation of chondrocytes and that a part of important signaling pathways in relation to mechanical vibration stimulation and proliferation of chondrocytes has been revealed.

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