A Grounded theory study of the intention of nurses to leave the profession

ABSTRACT Objective: this study explores the process of the development of an intention to leave bedside nursing. Method: the process was studied from the perspective of 21 nurses using the grounded theory method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and the constant comparative method of Corbin and Strauss was used for data analysis. Results: according to the participants, the two main categories, "social image of nursing", and "culture and structure of the bedside", were the contextual factors that influence why nurses are leaving bedside care provision. Disappointment with a perceived lack of progress or improvement in the clinical experience formed primary psychosocial concerns for the participants. Competence and a process of self-control were steps taken by the participants. These, associated with interventional conditions produced the outcomes of the loss of professional commitment and desire to leave bedside nursing. "Failure to integrate personal expectations with organizational expectations: in search of escape" was the central category of the study that linked the categories together. Conclusion: the findings of this study provide useful information about the needs of nurses for overcoming the intention to leave bedside care. The identification of this process can help in recognizing emerging problems and providing solutions for them.

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Art, authenticity and citizenship for people living with dementia in a care home

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x21000271 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Julian C. Hughes ◽

Jordan Baseman ◽

Catherine Hearne ◽

Mabel Leng Sim Lie ◽

Dominic Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Care Home ◽

Participatory Art ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

Participant Observer

Abstract This paper reports on a study which examined the notions of authenticity and citizenship for people living with cognitive impairment or dementia in a care home in the North-East of England. We demonstrated that both notions were present and were encouraged by engagement with an artist, where this involved audio and visual recordings and the creation of a film. The artist's interactions were observed by a non-participant observer using ethnographic techniques, including interviews with the residents, their families and the staff of the care home. The data were analysed using grounded theory and the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Our findings suggest that participatory art might help to maintain and encourage authenticity and citizenship in people living with dementia in a care home. Certainly, authenticity and citizenship are notions worth pursuing in the context of dementia generally, but especially in care homes.

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Μία έρευνα-δράσης για την προώθηση της συμπεριληπτικής εκπαίδευσης, μέσω της καθολικής σχεδίασης για μάθηση και της ολικής ποιότητας, στην πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση της Ελλάδας

10.12681/eadd/46201 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ιωάννα Μπακιρτζή

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

Constant Comparative

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται τρόπους προώθησης της Συμπεριληπτικής Εκπαίδευσης στην Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση στην Ελλάδα. Ειδικότερα προτείνει την εφαρμογή της Καθολικής Σχεδίασης για Μάθηση και της Ολικής Ποιότητας στην Εκπαίδευση ως ένα δομημένο πλαίσιο στο οποίο προάγεται η φιλοσοφία της συμπερίληψης και οι αρχές της. Η μέθοδος που ακολουθήθηκε για τη διεξαγωγή της έρευνας εντάσσεται στους κόλπους της ποιοτικής ερευνητικής μεθόδου και συγκεκριμένα της έρευνας – δράσης. Επιπρόσθετα, αξιοποιήθηκαν στοιχεία της θεμελιωμένης θεωρίας (grounded theory), στην οποία βασίστηκε η ανάλυση και επεξεργασία των δεδομένων, που έγινε μέσω της συνεχούς συγκριτικής μεθόδου (constant comparative method). Όσον αφορά στη μεθοδολογία, έγινε χρήση του photovoice, της παρατήρησης, της συνέντευξης καθώς και του αναστοχαστικού ημερολογίου. Για την επίτευξη της εμπιστευσιμότητας εφαρμόστηκε μία πληθώρα στρατηγικών, η οποία στόχευε στην αξία της αλήθειας, στη μεταφερσιμότητα, στην αληθοφάνεια και την επιβεβαιωσιμότητα. Η έρευνα διεξήχθη σε ένα ελληνικό δημόσιο δημοτικό σχολείο και συμμετέχοντές της ήταν μαθητές του σχολείου, οι γονείς τους, οι εκπαιδευτικοί των αντίστοιχων τάξεων και η διευθύντρια.Η έρευνα χωρίστηκε σε τρία στάδια, με το καθένα να προκύπτει λόγω αναγκαιότητας από το προηγούμενο. Έτσι, διαμορφώθηκε το στάδιο της αρχικής αξιολόγησης της υπάρχουσας κατάστασης στο σχολείο με στόχο τη διερεύνηση του βαθμού ανάπτυξης της συμπεριληπτικής εκπαίδευσης, το στάδιο της παρέμβασης με βάση τις αρχές των φιλοσοφιών της καθολικής σχεδίασης για μάθηση και της ολικής ποιότητας και αυτό της τελικής αξιολόγησης της παρέμβασης.Τα αποτελέσματα φανέρωσαν τη δυναμική των δύο παραπάνω φιλοσοφιών για την προώθηση της συμπεριληπτικής εκπαίδευση. Η κάθε μία ξεχωριστά αλλά και σε συνδυασμό με την άλλη οδήγησαν στην εξάλειψη φαινομένων περιθωριοποίησης των μαθητών, στην αύξηση της συμμετοχής τους στο καθημερινό μάθημα και τις σχολικές δραστηριότητες, στην υπερπήδηση των εμποδίων και στην απόδοση ισότιμων ευκαιριών προς όλους. Θετικό αντίκτυπο είχε η παρέμβαση και προς τους γονείς οι οποίοι ήρθαν πιο κοντά στο σχολείο και είδαν τις ανάγκες τους να ικανοποιούνται, όπως και προς τους εκπαιδευτικούς, που ανέπτυξαν σχέσεις συνεργασίας και είδαν την αλλαγή τόσο στους μαθητές τους όσο και στο σύνολο του σχολείου.

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Theoretical sampling process in a Straussian Grounded Theory study

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Mayckel da Silva Barreto ◽

Bruna Sodré Simon ◽

Veronica Francisqueti Marquete ◽

Rebeca Rosa de Souza ◽

Nara Marilene Oliveira Girardon-Perlini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Field Research ◽

Substantive Theory ◽

Grounded Theory Study ◽

Sampling Process ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

The Family ◽

Theoretical Sampling ◽

Depth Study

ABSTRACT Objetive: Describing the theoretical sampling process in the development of a Grounded Theory based on the Straussian strand. The objective of the field research, used as an example, was to develop a substantive theory, based on the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism, about the perceptions and experiences of patients, family members, and health professionals regarding the presence of the family during emergency care. Method: In the theoretical sampling, 42 participants were recruited, divided into nine sample groups, constituted based on the constant comparative method. Results: The description of this example allowed to identify how theoretical sampling guided data collection, which occurred through the in-depth study of concepts and the search for answers to questions arising from the data. Final Considerations: It is expected that the readers find subsidies to understand how theoretical sampling is conducted in a Grounded Theory study, based on the Straussian strand, and thus be able to apply it.

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The experience of family caregivers of patients with cancer in an Asian country: A grounded theory approach

Palliative Medicine ◽

10.1177/0269216319833260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 676-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Martina Sinta Kristanti ◽

Christantie Effendy ◽

Adi Utarini ◽

Myrra Vernooij-Dassen ◽

Yvonne Engels

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Asian Country ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

The Core ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

Will Power ◽

Grounded Theory Approach

Background: Strong family bonds are part of the Indonesian culture. Family members of patients with cancer are intensively involved in caring, also in hospitals. This is considered “normal”: a societal and religious obligation. The values underpinning this might influence families’ perception of it. Aim: To explore and model experiences of family caregivers of patients with cancer in Indonesia in performing caregiving tasks. Design: A grounded theory approach was applied. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis and a paradigm scheme was employed for developing a theoretical model. Setting/participants: The study was conducted in three hospitals in Indonesia. The participants were family caregivers of patients with cancer. Results: A total of 24 family caregivers participated. “Belief in caregiving” appeared to be the core phenomenon. This reflects the caregivers’ conviction that providing care is an important value, which becomes the will power and source of their strength. It is a combination of spiritual and religious, value and motivation to care, and is influenced by contextual factors. It influences actions: coping mechanisms, sharing tasks, and making sacrifices. Social support influences the process of the core phenomenon and the actions of the caregivers. Both positive and negative experiences were identified. Conclusion: We developed a model of family caregivers’ experiences from a country where caregiving is deeply rooted in religion and culture. The model might also be useful in other cultural contexts. Our model shows that the spiritual domain, not only for the patient but also for the family caregivers, should be structurally addressed by professional caregivers.

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Care of Children With Disabilities in Rural Areas: Meanings and Impact on Everyday life and Health. Study Protocol

International Journal of Qualitative Methods ◽

10.1177/1609406920947602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 160940692094760

Author(s):

Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito ◽

Juan Antonio Flores-Martos ◽

Pedro Moruno-Miralles

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

Daily Life ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Health Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

The Social ◽

Maternal Caregiving ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

The Impact

The general objective of this study is to describe and analyze the meanings that participants gave to the experience related to maternal caregiving activities of children with disabilities in the rural context and their impact on daily life and health. In order to achieve this general objective, the following specific objectives were established: (1) To describe the meanings given to experiences related to caregiving activities of children with disabilities; (2) To analyze the impact on daily life and health that these mothers attribute to those activities; (3) To describe how they experience the support provided by the social and healthcare system in rural areas. An interpretative paradigm was selected, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design. Twelve mothers were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was performed using open, axial, and selective coding processes and the constant comparative method.

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Psychosocial Intervention Use in Long-Stay Dementia Care

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732316632194 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 2024-2034 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew Hunter ◽

John Keady ◽

Dympna Casey ◽

Annmarie Grealish ◽

Kathy Murphy

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Psychosocial Intervention ◽

Nurse Managers ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Staff Nurses ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Classic Grounded Theory ◽

Core Category ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Constant Comparative Method

The objective of this study was to develop a substantive grounded theory of staff psychosocial intervention use with residents with dementia in long-stay care. “Becoming a person again” emerged as the core category accounting for staffs’ psychosocial intervention use within long-stay care. Interview data were collected from participants in nine Irish long-stay settings: 14 residents with dementia, 19 staff nurses, one clinical facilitator, seven nurse managers, 21 nursing assistants, and five relatives. Constant comparative method guided the data collection and analysis. The researcher’s theoretical memos, based on unstructured observation, and applicable extant literature were also included as data. By identifying the mutuality of the participants’ experiences, this classic grounded theory explains staff motivation toward psychosocial intervention use within long-stay care. It also explains how institutional factors interact with those personal factors that incline individuals toward psychosocial intervention use.

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What Counts as an Apology? Exploring Stakeholder Perceptions in a Hypothetical Organizational Crisis

Management Communication Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0893318917722635 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 202-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joshua M. Bentley

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Crisis Communication ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Organizational Crisis ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

To Receive ◽

Grounded Theory Approach

Many scholars have studied the role of organizational apologies in crisis communication, but they have defined and operationalized apologies inconsistently. This study uses a grounded theory approach to explore what constitutes an effective organizational apology from the perspective of organizational stakeholders. One hundred participants were asked to imagine being the victims of a data breach at an online retailer and to write the kind of apology they would like to receive from the organization. One hundred more participants were asked to write suggestion lists for how the organization could make its apology effective. These data were analyzed using a constant comparative method. Fifteen apology elements were identified and organized along two dimensions: (a) whether the element involved primarily words or behavior and (b) whether the element focused on fixing the problem or rebuilding relationships. Based on the data, these elements must be combined to make an apology effective with stakeholders.

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Cultural identity of bilingual adults : a case study

10.32469/10355/85839 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Anastasiia Gorlova

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Comparative Method ◽

The United States ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Graduate Studies ◽

Hybrid Identities ◽

Language And Culture ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

Research Findings

This case study of the cultural identity of bilingual adults aims to discover the changes in the self-identification of sequential Russian-English bilingual adults that occur as a result of the immersion in the second language and culture. The study strives to answer the question of the change in self-identification of bilingual adults and the way they perceive those changes as well as the role that language plays in the transformation of identity. The participants of the study are Russian-born graduate students pursuing their graduate studies at the Universities in the United States. The data for this qualitative study were gathered through oral semi-structured interviews and samples of participants' writing and analyzed using the constant comparative method. The research findings show that the participants of the study are situated on a various levels of the construction of hybrid identities. Among the factors that influenced that transformation of identity, the most were the loss of network and connections and the differences between American and Russian cultures. Additionally, language as a factor in the change of self-identification affects the identity when individuals temporarily lose the ability to communicate and then learn new communication strategies that involve a system of both languages based on the principles of efficient communication.

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Patients’ and Caregivers’ Conceptualisations of Pressure Ulcers and the Process of Decision-Making in the Context of Home Care

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16152719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 2719

Author(s):

Francisco José García-Sánchez ◽

Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽

Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Home Care ◽

Shared Decision Making ◽

Pressure Ulcers ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Shared Decision ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Personal Motivation ◽

Constant Comparative Method

Background: Although the addition of patients in the process of shared decision-making can improve their recovery, there is a lack of knowledge about patients’ and caregivers’ perceptions on the management of pressure ulcers at home. Objectives: To explore the conceptualisations of patients with pressure ulcers and their caregivers on the barriers and facilitators for their involvement in home care and in the process of shared decision-making regarding the care provided. Methods: A qualitative study based on grounded theory in a theoretical sample of 10 patients with pressure ulcers and 15 main caregivers from the health district of Puertollano (Spain). The data were based on semi-structured interviews, analysed using a coding process and the constant comparative method. Results: According to the participants, personal motivation and the involvement of primary care professionals facilitated their participation in the process of shared decision-making and generated feelings of positivity. In contrast, older age, having disabling pathologies, a low educational level or health paternalism were perceived as barriers for their involvement. Conclusions: A non-paternalistic care model and personal motivation facilitate the process of shared decision-making in the care of people with pressure ulcers. Further studies are required to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and examine the barriers and facilitators for the involvement of patients and caregivers in the management of these injuries in other contexts.

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Facilitators and Barriers to Wearing Hand Orthoses by Adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Mixed Methods Study Design

Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases ◽

10.3233/jnd-200506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 467-475

Author(s):

S.L.S. Houwen-van Opstal ◽

Y.M.E.M. van den Elzen ◽

M. Jansen ◽

M.A.A.P. Willemsen ◽

E.H.C. Cup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Hand Function ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Constant Comparative Method ◽

Facilitators And Barriers

Background: To retard shortening of finger flexors in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), hand orthoses are prescribed. However, many patients do not wear the orthoses regularly. To optimize orthotic interventions, we need insight into the factors influencing compliance. Objective: To evaluate the compliance regarding hand orthoses in an adult DMD population and to explore experiences and perceptions of DMD patients wearing orthoses, and of their caregivers. Methods: Mixed methods observational study, combining quantitative and qualitative data from medical charts combined with qualitative semi-structured interviews using a constant comparative method and a short validated questionnaire (D-QUEST). Results: 65 medical charts were analyzed. 48 patients were assessed as needing hand orthoses, of whom 37.5 % were compliant. Qualitative data analyses revealed (1) motivation: preservation of hand function; (2) barriers: discomfort and impediments; (3) facilitators: good fit and personalized wearing schedule; (4) fitting process: satisfactory, but patients do not readily seek help when barriers appear. Conclusions: Patients are motivated to wear hand orthoses, but often discontinue use because of orthosis-and disease-specific barriers. The identification of these barriers leads to practical and feasible recommendations concerning the orthoses and the fitting process, such as less rigid material, preservation of some function while wearing the orthoses, and fixed evaluation points. The findings were confirmed by the D-QUEST.

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