scholarly journals Responses of antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates in micropropagated Pitcairnia encholirioides L.B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae) under ex vitro water deficit and after rehydration

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Resende ◽  
V. S. Pacheco ◽  
F. F. Dornellas ◽  
A. M. S. Oliveira ◽  
J. C. E. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Progressive Water Stress

Abstract In this study, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigments, proline and carbohydrate contents in Pitcairnia encholirioides under ex vitro conditions of water deficit were evaluated. Results show that plants under progressive water stress, previously in vitro cultured in media supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose and GA3, accumulated more proline and increased peroxidase (POD) activity and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates. For plants previously in vitro cultured with 15 g L-1 sucrose and NAA, no differences were found for proline content and there were reductions in activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and poliphenoloxidase (PPO), and in contents of carbohydrates, with progress of ex vitro water deficit. After rehydration, plants showed physiological recovery, with enzymatic activities and contents of metabolites similar to those found in the controls not submitted to dehydration, regardless of the previous in vitro culture conditions. These results show that micropropagated P. encholirioides has high tolerance to dehydration once in ex vitro conditions, which can ensure the survival of plants from tissue culture when transferred to its natural environment, emphasizing the importance of such biotechnology for the propagation of endangered species.

scholarly journals In Vitro Screening of Cucmis Melo L. Against Drought Mediated By PEG and Sorbitol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Nekoee Mehmandar ◽  
Farzad Rasouli ◽  
Mousa Torabi Giglou ◽  
Seyed Morteza Zahedi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Aazami
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Osmotic Solution

Abstract Water deficit in first growth stages of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in formation of first true leaves after germination can be a factor limiting production. The first step for resolve the problem is genotypes evaluation and identification of drought tolerant melons. An effective method to achieve the goal is use of osmotic solution in tissue culture. Responses of Iranian melon landraces to drought was evaluated using sorbitol at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 M or polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000) at 0.009, 0.012 and 0.015 M concentrations, and MS medium without treatment as the control. Coleoptile length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were measured. The PEG or sorbitol decreased coleoptile length, fresh weight and photosynthetic pigments, and led to enhancement of proline and MDA. Contents of protein and antioxidant enzymes was completely dependent on genotype and type and concentration of osmotic material. The in vitro culture for screening and identification of tolerant and sensitive drought genotypes could be rapid, useful and effective, with sorbitol mimicing drought better than PEG. After in vitro evaluation, the genotype responses to induced water deficit need to be confirmed under field conditions.

scholarly journals An Efficient Method for In Vitro Shoot-Tip Culture and Sporophyte Production Using Selaginella martensii Spring Sporophyte

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungtae Park ◽  
Bo Kook Jang ◽  
Ha Min Lee ◽  
Ju Sung Cho ◽  
Cheol Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Propagation Methods

Selaginella martensii, an evergreen perennial fern that is native to South America and New Zealand, is named “frosty fern” because of its beautiful white-colored leaves and it is used as an ornamental plant. Efficient propagation methods for this species have not been developed. We aimed to develop an efficient propagation method for S. martensii through in vitro culture. We investigated culture conditions that are suitable for shoot-tip proliferation and growth. The optimum shoot-tip culture conditions were determined while using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (quarter, half, full, or double strength) and macronutrients (sucrose and two nitrogen sources) at various concentrations. In MS medium, the shoot tips formed a maximum of 6.77 nodes per explant, and each node formed two new shoot tips (i.e., 26 or 64 shoot tips). When using branching segments containing an angle meristem, the shoot-to-rhizophore formation ratio could be controlled by medium supplementation with plant-growth regulators. Sporophytes that were grown from shoot tips in vitro were acclimated in ex vitro soil conditions and successfully survived in the greenhouse. Numerous shoot tips could be obtained from in vitro-grown sporophytes and be proliferated ex vitro to produce a large number of plants. This method provides a way of shortening the time that is required for producing a large stock of S. martensii planting material.

scholarly journals Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Leaf Anatomy, Stomatal Behavior, Water Loss, and Some Physiological Traits of Date Palm Plantlets Grown In Vitro and Ex Vitro

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Amal F. M. Zein El Din ◽  
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Reham Farag ◽  
Hany G. Abd El-Gawad ◽  
Ahmed El-Banhawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Stomatal Behavior ◽  
Ex Vitro Transfer

Few reports explain the mechanism of PEG action on stomatal behavior and anatomical structure and analyze the photosynthetic pigments of in vitro date palm plantlets for better tolerance to ex vitro exposure. The main challenge for in vitro micropropagation of date palm techniques remains restricted to high survival rates and vigorous growth after ex vitro transplantation. In vitro hardening is induced by Polyethylene glycol PEG (0.0, 10, 20, 30 g L−1) for 4 weeks. Leaf anatomy, stomatal behavior, water loss %, photosynthetic pigments, and reducing sugars were examined in date palm plantlets (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. (Sewi) after 4 weeks from in vitro PEG treatment and after 4 weeks from ex vitro transplanting to the greenhouse. Leaf anatomy and the surface ultrastructure of in vitro untreated leaves showed a thin cuticle layer, wide opened malfunctioning stomata, and abnormal leaf anatomy. Furthermore, addition of PEG resulted in increasing cuticle thickness, epicuticular wax depositions, and plastids density, improving the stomatal ability to close and decreasing the stomatal aperture length while reducing the substomatal chambers and intercellular spaces in the mesophyll. As a result, a significant reduction in water loss % was observed in both in vitro and ex vitro PEG treated leaves as compared to untreated ones, which exhibited rapid wilting when exposed to low humidity for 4 h. PEG application significantly increased Chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids concentrations, especially 10, 20 g L−1 treatments, which were sequentially reflected in increasing the reducing sugar concentration. However, leaves of plantlets treated with PEG at 30 g L−1 became yellow and had necrosis ends with death. In vitro hardening by 20 g L−1 PEG increased the survival rate of plantlets to 90% after ex vitro transfer compared to 63% recorded for the untreated plantlets. Therefore, this application provides normal date palm plantlets developed faster and enhances survival after ex vitro transfer.

Structural Adaptation and Antioxidant Response of Guarianthe bowringiana (O’Brien) Dressler & W. E. Higgins (Orchidaceae Juss.) Seedlings During Ex Vitro Acclimatization

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Buyun ◽  
Roman Ivannikov ◽  
Lyudmila Batsmanova ◽  
Nataliya Taran ◽  
Lyudmyla Kovalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Acclimatization Period

Abstract Guarianthe bowringiana is one of the oldest samples cultivated at NBG’s orchid unit glasshouses since 1970s. An efficient protocol for asymbiotic in vitro seed germination of G. bowringiana has previously been established. Given that acclimatization is a crucial step in micropropagation, this study assesses the structural adaptation and antioxidant response of G. bowringiana seedlings during ex vitro acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. The leaf surface micromorphology of the G. bowringiana juvenile plants propagated in vitro from seeds as well as the leaves of adult plants cultivated in glasshouse were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS level), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the photosynthetic activity were monitored for seven days from the transfer of seedlings from the in vitro cultivation vessels as they are markers indicating the response of the leaves of in vitro propagated G. bowringiana plants to oxidative stress during the early stages of acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. During the initial 2 days of the monitored acclimatization period (0–7 days), the level of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a , b , and carotenoid content) increased, followed by an insignificant increase during the successive period (by the seventh day) of acclimatization. At the same time, the level of the tested antioxidant enzyme (SOD) exhibited an increasing trend throughout the acclimatization period. The SOD activities in the leaves of G. bowringiana seedlings were significantly affected when they were transferred from in vitro to ex vitro conditions due to drought stress. Thus, it was revealed that in the early stages of acclimatizing to the altered environments, G. bowringiana seedlings exhibited a rapid increase in photosynthetic pigments, superoxide dismutase activity, and lipid peroxidation levels after being transferred to ex vitro conditions. Comparison of the leaf micromorphologies of G. bowringiana plants grown under in vitro and those grown under ex vitro conditions revealed that leaf development had undergone significant changes during acclimatization to the altered conditions. In vitro to ex vitro transfer leads to a transient decrease in photosynthetic parameters.

scholarly journals Gametophyte and sporophyte of tree ferns in vitro culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Goller ◽  
Jan J. Rybczyński
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Time Required ◽  
New Generation

Experiments had been carried out on gametophytes and very young fronds of sporophytes with application of Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium. The paper described the results of 15 years in vitro experiments on 16 species of tree ferns belonging to various genera: <em>Blechnum</em>, <em>Cibotium</em>, <em>Cyathea</em> and <em>Dicksonia</em>. Genus <em>Cyathea</em> was represented by: <em>C. australis</em> (R.Br.) Domin., <em>C. capensis</em> (L.f.) Sm., <em>C. cooperi</em> (F.Muell.) Domin, <em>C. brownii</em> Domin, <em>C. dealbata</em> (G.Forest) Sw., <em>C. dregei</em> Kunze, <em>C. leichhardtiana</em> (F.Muell.) Copel., <em>C. robertsiana</em> (F.Muell.) Domin., <em>C. schanschin</em> Mart., <em>C. smithii</em> Hook.f. and <em>Cyathea</em> sp. In case of genus <em>Dicksonia</em> only two species were introduced into our experiments: <em>D. fibrosa</em> Colenso and <em>D. sellowiana</em> Hook.. Taxa <em>Blechnum</em> was presented by <em>B. brasiliense</em> Desv. and <em>Cibotium</em> by <em>C. glaucum</em> (Sm.) Hook. and Arn. and <em>C. schiedei</em> Schltdl. and Cham.. The studied species presented various responses on culture conditions depending on the level of stage of development. Time required for spores germination differed between species and took from only a few to 16 weeks. Prothalium formations showed various types of growth presented by marginal meristems. For all investigated species long term gametophyte in vitro cultures was established. Mature gametophyte possessed functional antheridia and archegonia. Spontaneous fertilization helped to establish the culture of young sporophytes. For all species the ex vitro culture in greenhouse collection was established. Manipulation of sucrose content in the medium stimulated the multiplication of gametophytes, but its lack induced formation of gemmae. Apospory was observed when culture of very young fronds was extended for 6 months and new generation of gametophytes was developed. Finally, sporophytes of 12 species were obtained and they have been growing in our greenhouse.

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