Hydric and saline stress on Phaseolus lunatus L. seeds

Salinity may strongly influence the interaction between plant roots and surrounding soil, but this has been poorly studied for sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) and Na2SO4 salinities on the soil chemical properties as well as rice physiological- and yield-related parameters of two contrasted cultivars (V14 (salt-sensitive) and Pokkali (salt-resistant)). Pot experiments were conducted using soil and electrolyte solutions, namely NaCl and Na2SO4, inducing two electrical conductivity levels (EC: 5 or 10 dS m−1) of the soil solutions. The control treatment was water with salt-free tap water. Our results showed that soil pH increased under Na2SO4 salinity, while soil EC increased as the level of saline stress increased. Salinity induced an increase in Na+ concentrations on solid soil complex and in soil solution. NaCl reduced the stomatal density in salt-sensitive cultivar. The total protein contents in rice grain were higher in V14 than in Pokkali cultivar. Saline stress significantly affected all yield-related parameters and NaCl was more toxic than Na2SO4 for most of the studied parameters. Pokkali exhibited a higher tolerance to saline stress than V14, whatever the considered type of salt. It is concluded that different types of salts differently influence soil properties and plant responses and that those differences partly depend on the salt-resistance level of the considered cultivar.

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Study of enzymatic activity of microbiological biopreparation in the cultivation of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under saline stress conditions

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/614/1/012125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 614 ◽

pp. 012125

Author(s):

S S Murodova ◽

M K Khujanazarova

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Cotton Plant ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L

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Drought and Saline Stress Tolerance Induced in Somatic Hybrids of Solanum chacoense and Potato Cultivars by Using Mismatch Repair Deficiency

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Imola Molnár ◽

Lavinia Cozma ◽

Tünde-Éva Dénes ◽

Imre Vass ◽

István-Zoltán Vass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mismatch Repair ◽

Crop Production ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Solanum Chacoense ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Mismatch Repair Deficiency ◽

Repair Deficiency

Global climate change, especially when involving drought and salinity, poses a major challenge to sustainable crop production, causing severe yield losses. The environmental conditions are expected to further aggravate crop production in the future as a result of continuous greenhouse gas emissions, causing further temperature rise and leading to increased evapotranspiration, severe drought, soil salinity, as well as insect and disease threats. These suboptimal growth conditions have negative impact on plant growth, survival, and crop yield. Potato is well known as a crop extremely susceptible to drought, which is primarily attributed to its shallow root system. With potato being the fourth major food crop, increasing potato productivity is thus important for food security and for feeding global population. To maintain a sustainable potato production, it is necessary to develop stress tolerant potato cultivars that cope with the already ongoing climate change. The aim of our study is to analyze the response of potato somatic hybrids to drought and salt stress under in vitro conditions; the somatic hybrids studied are the wild relative Solanum chacoense (+) Solanum tuberosum, with or without mismatch repair deficiency (MMR). Upon this selection of drought and salt tolerant genotypes, somatic hybrids and their parents were phenotyped on a semi-automated platform, and lines tolerant to medium water scarcity (20% compared to 60% soil water capacity) were identified. Although none of the parental species were tolerant to drought, some of the MMR-deficient somatic hybrids showed tolerance to drought and salt as a new trait.

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Activated Yeast Extract Enhances Growth, Anatomical Structure, and Productivity of Lupinus termis L. Plants under Actual Salinity Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Ragab S. Taha ◽

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽

Jawaher Alkahtani ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Vital Role ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Total Soluble Sugars ◽

Seed Yields

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses that negatively limits anatomical structure, growth and the physiological and productivity traits of field crops. The productivity of lupine plants is severely restricted by abiotic stress, particularly, salinity in arid and semiarid regions. Activated yeast extract (AYE) can perform a vital role in the tolerance of environmental stress, as it contains phytohormones and amino acids. Thus, field experiments were conducted to explore the potential function of active yeast extract (0, 50, 75, and 100 mL AYE L−1) in mitigating the harmful impacts of salinity stress (EC = 7.65 dS m−1) on anatomical structure, growth, and the physiological and productivity traits of two lupine cultivars: Giza 1 and Giza 2. The different AYE treatments resulted in a substantial improvement in studied attributes, for example the growth, anatomical, physiological characteristics, and seed yields of treated lupine cultivars compared with untreated plants. Among the AYE doses, 75 mL L−1 significantly improved plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total protein, and seed yields, and exposed the best anatomical attributes of the two lupine cultivars grown under saline stress. The exogenous application of 75 mL AYE L−1 was the most influential, and it surpassed the control results by 45.9% for 100-seed weight and 26.9% for seed yield per hectare. On the other hand, at a concentration of 75 mL L−1 AYE there was a decrease in the alkaloids and endogenous proline under the studied salinity stress conditions. Promoted salinity stress tolerance through sufficient AYE dose is a hopeful strategy to enhance the tolerance and improve productivity of lupine into salinity stress. Furthermore, the response of lupine to salinity stress appears to rely on AYE dose. The results proved that Giza 2 was more responsive to AYE than Giza 1, showing a better growth and higher yield, and reflecting further salinity tolerance than the Giza 1 cultivar.

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Threat of arsenic contamination, salinity and water pollution in agricultural practices of Sundarban Delta, India, and mitigation strategies

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04544-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Anirban Nath ◽

Sourav Samanta ◽

Saon Banerjee ◽

Anamitra Anurag Danda ◽

Sugata Hazra

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Rural Population ◽

Large Scale ◽

Local Population ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Freshwater Resources ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

The Sundarbans

AbstractThe paper through a critical appraisal of the agricultural practices in the Indian Sundarban deltaic region explores the tripartite problems of arsenic biomagnification, salinity of arable lands and ingress of agrochemical pollutants into the freshwater resources, which endanger the health, livelihood and food security of the rural population inhabiting the delta. The threefold problem has rendered a severe blow to the agrarian economy consequently triggering large-scale outmigration of the rural population from the region. Although recent studies have addressed these issues separately, the inter-connectivity among these elements and their possible long-term impact upon sustainability in the Sundarbans are yet to be elucidated. In the current scenario, the study emphasizes that the depleting freshwater resources is at the heart of the threefold problems affecting the Sundarbans. Owing to the heavy siltation of the local river systems, freshwater resources from the local ravines have salinized beyond the point of being used for agricultural purposes. At the same time, increasing salinity levels resulting from fluctuation of pre- and post-monsoon rainfall, frequent cyclones and capillary movement of salinized groundwater (primarily during the Rabi season) have severely hampered the agricultural practices. Salinization of above groundwater reserves has forced the farmers toward utilization of groundwater, which are lifted using STWs, especially for rice and other cultivations in the Rabi season. The Holocene aquifers of the region retain toxic levels of arsenic which are lifted during the irrigation process and are deposited on to the agricultural fields, resulting in bioaccumulation of As in the food products resourced from the area. The compound effect of consuming arsenic-contaminated food and drinking water has resulted in severe health issues recorded among the local population in the delta. Furthermore, due to the sub-optimal conditions for sustaining agriculture under saline stress, farmers often opt for the cultivation of post-green revolution high-yielding varieties, which require additional inputs of nitrogen-based fertilizers, organophosphate herbicides and pesticides that are frequently washed away by runoff from the watershed into the low-lying catchment areas of the biosphere reserve. Such practices have endangered the vulnerable conditions of local flora and fauna. In the present situation, the study proposes mitigation strategies which necessitate the smart use of locally obtainable resources like water, adaptable cultivars and sustainable agronomic practices like organic farming. The study also suggests engaging of conventional plant breeding strategies such as “Evolutionary plant breeding” for obtaining cultivars adapted to the shifting ecological conditions of the delta in the long run.

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