scholarly journals NaCl- and Na2SO4-Induced Salinity Differentially Affect Clay Soil Chemical Properties and Yield Components of Two Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Burundi

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Willy Irakoze ◽  
Hermann Prodjinoto ◽  
Séverin Nijimbere ◽  
Jean Berchmans Bizimana ◽  
Joseph Bigirimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Resistance Level

Salinity may strongly influence the interaction between plant roots and surrounding soil, but this has been poorly studied for sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) and Na2SO4 salinities on the soil chemical properties as well as rice physiological- and yield-related parameters of two contrasted cultivars (V14 (salt-sensitive) and Pokkali (salt-resistant)). Pot experiments were conducted using soil and electrolyte solutions, namely NaCl and Na2SO4, inducing two electrical conductivity levels (EC: 5 or 10 dS m−1) of the soil solutions. The control treatment was water with salt-free tap water. Our results showed that soil pH increased under Na2SO4 salinity, while soil EC increased as the level of saline stress increased. Salinity induced an increase in Na+ concentrations on solid soil complex and in soil solution. NaCl reduced the stomatal density in salt-sensitive cultivar. The total protein contents in rice grain were higher in V14 than in Pokkali cultivar. Saline stress significantly affected all yield-related parameters and NaCl was more toxic than Na2SO4 for most of the studied parameters. Pokkali exhibited a higher tolerance to saline stress than V14, whatever the considered type of salt. It is concluded that different types of salts differently influence soil properties and plant responses and that those differences partly depend on the salt-resistance level of the considered cultivar.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation with anaerobic baffled reactor effluent on Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris cicla.) yield, nutrient uptake and leaching

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Musazura ◽  
A. O. Odindo ◽  
I. B. Bame ◽  
E. H. Tesfamariam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Swiss Chard

The disposal of treated wastewater from an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent into water bodies can cause pollution. Treated wastewater management through irrigation of crops has the potential of increasing crop production through nutrient uptake while reducing the risks of environmental pollution. However, this study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation with ABR effluent on Swiss chard yield, nutrient (N and P) uptake and leaching. Field experiments were done over three seasons at Newlands, Durban, South Africa. The experiments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three treatments: ABR effluent irrigation (ABR), tap water irrigation with fertiliser (TWF) and rain-fed with fertiliser (RFF). Data were collected on nutrient (N and P) leaching at 30 and 50 cm depths, crop growth, soil chemical properties and nutrient uptake. Effects of irrigation with ABR effluent on soil chemical properties, Swiss chard growth, plant nutrient uptake and leaching were comparable to TWF and RFF treatments. This implies that irrigating crops with ABR effluent is a potential method for wastewater management in a manner that will not cause environmental pollution while benefiting peri-urban farmers.

scholarly journals Effect of different doses of Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) (LAM.) de wit. tree green leaf biomass on rice yield and soil chemical properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-394
Author(s):  
Niloy Paul ◽  
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md Nasir Uddin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Total N ◽  
Different Doses

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different doses of ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala ) (Lam.) de Wit. tree green leaf biomass on rice yield and soil chemical properties. Four different treatments such as T0: Recommended fertilizer dose (Urea 195 kg/ha, TSP 50 kg/ha, MOP 142 kg/ha, Gypsum 75 kg/ha and Zinc Sulphate 4 kg/ha), T1: 5 t/ha, T2: 7.5 t/ha, and T3: 10 t/ha ipil-ipil tree green leaf was used in this study in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the treatment T3 was performed better than recommended fertilizer dose in case all yield contributing characters of rice except grain yield. The highest (5.29 t/ha) rice grain yield was obtained in recommended fertilizer dose followed by 10 t/ha, 7.5 t/ha and 5 t/ha ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass amendment having 4.80, 3.16 and 2.36 t/ha respectively. The highest grain yield that was obtained from recommended fertilizer dose was 10.21% higher compared to the highest dose (10 t/ha) of ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass. It was mentioned that among the different doses of ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass 10 t/ha performed the best over others. The ipil-ipil tree green leaf biomass was also significantly influenced on some essential nutrient status which is very important for rice production. The highest amount of total N, available P, exchangeable K and available S were found in the treatment T3 and the lowest in the treatment T1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ipil-ipil tree leaf has beneficial effects and could be combined with inorganic fertilizer for sustainable crop yield and maintaining soil fertility.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 385-394, December 2015

Relationship between auxins and cytokinins in the growth and organogenesis of Ocimum basilicum L. ‘Grecco a Palla’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Felipe Górski ◽  
Geysiane Moreira Gerotti ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Vitro Development

The in vitro development of a plant is controlled by factors that promote a series of plant responses, which interfere with tissue organogenesis and morphology. For plants of the family Lamiaceae, these factors remain unknown or poorly understood, hindering in vitro cultivation of these plants. The basil cultivar ‘Grecco a palla’ has attractive chemical properties for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries; however, its production is limited due to the lack of appropriate cultivation conditions. Two types of explants of this species (nodal segments and stem apexes) were grown in culture media with auxin and cytokinin, and their development was followed for 60 days. During in vitro cultivation, both explants were subjected to higher concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) produced only calluses, without induction of shoots. Small amounts of regulators favored hyperhydricity as nodal segments or stem apexes in the absence of PGRs produced plants with disturbances, including brittle, light green, and thick leaves. In this case, there was an increase in the cell layers of palisade parenchyma, which had large cell spaces and larger cells. This tissue also advanced to spongy parenchyma and compressed it. The stomatal density was low; however, the stomata were larger with additions mainly in the guard cells and the stomatic opening. Therefore, stem apexes in the absence of PGRs produced more vigorous plants, whereas nodal segments with low amounts of cytokinins and auxins developed a well-branched and abundant root system.

scholarly journals Soil chemical properties and nutrients in maize fertilized with urban waste compost1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Mantovani ◽  
Fernando Spadon
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Compost Application

ABSTRACT Urban waste compost has a potential to be used as an organic fertilizer in agriculture, but field studies are required to define the recommendable rates for crops. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of fertilization with urban waste compost on the soil chemical properties, yield, nutrient and heavy metal contents, in maize leaves and grains. The field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of six urban waste compost doses (0 Mg ha-1, 5 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1, 20 Mg ha-1, 30 Mg ha-1 and 40 Mg ha-1), applied in the planting furrow, plus an additional control treatment, with NPK mineral fertilization and no waste compost application. Fertilization with up to 40 Mg ha-1 of urban waste compost improves soil fertility. Fertilization with urban waste compost increases grain yield and the N, P and K contents in leaf tissue and maize grains, without inducing plant contamination with heavy metals. The application of 30 Mg ha-1 of urban waste compost can replace mineral fertilization in maize cultivation.

scholarly journals Application of manures reduces inorganic fertilizers requirement for maize grown in a sandy soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
G A A P Kreshnadhi ◽  
I K D Jaya ◽  
B B Santoso ◽  
W Wangiyana ◽  
H Suheri
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Plants

Abstract The use of inorganic fertilizers with high doses is not recommended in the sustainable maize production program. The present study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties and growth of maize plants treated with several types of manure to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in sandy soil. An experiment was conducted in dryland with pumped deep-well water in Gumantar Village, North Lombok Regency, from May to July 2021. There were three types of manure tested: cow, poultry, and goat manures (20 ton/ha) treated with and without BeKa decomposer. All the manure treatments received 75% of chemical fertilizers applied in the control treatment (500 kg of urea and 380 kg/ha of NPK Phonska). The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that the poultry manure treatments, with and without decomposer, increased soil pH significantly. This increase improved soil chemical properties, such as available P and K. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index at silking, and total N in leaf tissue, were not significantly different among the treatments. These results showed that the application of manures, with or without decomposer, could substitute 25% of the inorganic fertilizers needed by maize plants grown in sandy soil.

CHARACTERISTICS EVALUTION OF FIELD EMERGENCE IN PRIMED SEED OF SORGHUM VARAITIES SALT STRESS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 332-347
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Field Emergence

An experiment conducted in pots under field conditions in the fall seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to improve the field emergence in sorghum, in which three factors were studied. 1st factor was the variety (three varieties: Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was priming treatment (unprimed seed and primed seed soaked for 12 hours in a solution containing 300 + 70 ml L-1 of gibberellic and salicylic acids, respectively). 3rd factor was saline stress (tap water as control (1.26), 6, 9 and 12 dS m-1). RCBD design was used with four replicates. The results showed that Buhoth70 cultivar exceeded the others; also the primed seed exceeded the unprimed seed in the traits of the first and final count of emergence, daily emergence rate, emergence energy, emergence rate index and emergence index in both seasons. The control treatment was superior in the above traits, while the values of these traits decreased as the saline increased, and no emergence accrued at the highest concentration (12 dS m-1) in both seasons. The cultivars varied in their ability to withstand salt stress at the same stress level, and that the seed priming treatment has improved their performance to withstand salt stress compared to the unprimed in both seasons. It can conclude that there is a role for genotype and seed priming in improving seedling performance to tolerate salt stress.

scholarly journals Chromolaena odorata Compost Affected Soil Chemical and Rice Crop (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamilah Munir
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

The study entitled "Chromolaena odorata Compost Affected Soil Chemical and Rice Crop (Oryza sativa L.) hadbeen conducted in Padang City, West Sumatra. It was started in February 2015 to May 2015. The study aimed wasto examine the mechanism of amendment soil chemical properties and nutrient uptake of rice crop was fertilized ByChromolaena odorata Compost. The experiment was conducted by using Randomized Complete Design (RCD) inSplit Plot Design with the main plots were three varieties of rice crops namely; Cisokan (V1); Pandan Wangi (V2)and Red Cempo (V3). The subplot consisted three types of fertilizer composition; 5 Mg ha-1 Compost C. odorata(CCP) +100% Artificial Fertilizer Recommendation (AFR) (F1); 7.5 Mg ha-1 CCP+75% AFR (F2); 10 Mg ha-1 CCP+50% AFR (F3), with three replications. Data was analysed by using the F test significance level of 5%, and anHonestly Significant Difference test (HSD) α 5%. Parameters include analysis of soil chemical properties, manure,analysis of nutrient uptake and the weight of dry crop biomass. The study indicated there was amendment in soilchemical properties after the application of C. odorata, compost achieving optimal fertility for rice crop. Nitrogen andother minerals uptake in rice crop increased due to the increased provision of artificial fertilizers escorted by loweringthe dose of C.odorata compost. The ability about the nutrient uptake of rice crop is higher in rice Pandan Wangi andcauses the higher forage yield than rice Cisokan or Red Cempo.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Manure Sources on Soil Chemical Properties, Performance and Yield of Maize on a Degraded Land

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
O. A. Denton ◽  
I. O. Fademi ◽  
K. S. Are ◽  
A. O. Ojo ◽  
O. D. Adeoyolanu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Positive Effects

Application of manure for soil amendment plays important roles in reclaiming and improving soil properties of degraded soils. This study assessed the effects of composted and non-composted manures on a degraded soil under continuous maize production. The treatments applied consisted of composted manures in form of cassava based compost (CBM) and verticompost (VC) at the rate of 0, 30, 60 and 120 tons/ha, non-composted manure (NC) applied as poultry manure (PM), and an un-amended control plot. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined for two consecutive seasons, with maize (SUWAN 1-SYR) planted as test crop. The CBM, VC and PM treatments increased the soil organic carbon content by 18.2, 24.1, and 22.3 % respectively. Corresponding increases observed in cation exchange capacity (CEC) were 13.6, 15.7, and 15.2 %. The comparison of the soil chemical properties measured indicated positive effects from the amendments on the soil properties in the order: CBM < PM < VC.  The maize grain yield of cassava based fertilized plot consistently and significantly was higher than the other treatments in both cropping seasons. However, both the composted and non-composted manures favored improved maize growth and resulted in higher grain yields (4.62 – 6.03 t ha-1) than the un-amended control treatment (3.69 t ha-1). The study therefore showed that the incorporation of manures, whether composted or non-composted, is beneficial to soils, improving one or more essential soil attributes thus reducing soil degradation.

scholarly journals The Role of Cover Crop Types and Residue Incorporation in Improving Soil Chemical Properties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Rimsha Khan ◽  
Aitazaz A. Farooque ◽  
Helen Carolyn Peach Brown ◽  
Qamar U. Zaman ◽  
Bishnu Acharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Soil chemical properties can be improved by incorporating crop residues in soil and letting it decompose. This study explored the use of incorporating residues of cover crops for improvements in soil chemical properties including soil organic matter (SOM), soil pH, and the selected soil macro- and micronutrients in greenhouse and field trials. Factors of interest included (i) cover crops and their combinations and (ii) methods of crop termination and incorporation in soil (disc, mow + disc, glyphosate, roller crimper). The greenhouse trial showed up to a 20% higher amount of SOM accumulated in soils incorporated with crop residues. Buckwheat (3.12%) and phacelia (3.12%) produced significantly different and larger SOM than that of the control treatment that received no crop residues (p ≤ 0.05). The soil pH of the brown mustard treatment was also significantly affected by the experimental treatments (p ≤ 0.05). The incorporation of crop residues did not affect soil phosphorous (P) or potassium (K) concentrations, except for brown mustard, with significantly higher values of P and K than the control treatment. Calcium (Ca) was significantly higher in the soil of phacelia + pea treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Buckwheat + pea produced a higher concentration of Ca (1028 mg/kg) followed by buckwheat alone (1006 mg/kg). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculated on the results of the field trial showed that the mix treatment that had a mixture of four cover crops significantly increased the SOM content. Buckwheat produced the highest (2.95%) SOM, then brown mustard and timothy. This study concludes that, irrespective of the tillage incorporation methods, the residues from cover crops are a potential source of improvement in soil health, and this practice may promote sustainable agriculture in conditions similar to those in this study.

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