scholarly journals Assessment of carbamazepine acute toxicity in the cockle Cerastoderma edule through chemical, physiological and biochemical tools

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jaouani ◽  
M. Dellali ◽  
C. Mouneyrac ◽  
S. Ben Hassine ◽  
M. Ben Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Cerastoderma Edule ◽  
Biotransformation Enzyme ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract The cockle Cerastoderma edule was exposed to four concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 70 μg L-1) of carbamazepine (CBZ). This anticonvulsant was found to alter the mussel behavior of by reducing its clearance rate (CR). Analysis of CBZ accumulation in tissues of C. edule was carried out using HPLC-UV after 48 or 96 hours of exposure. In addition, an overproduction of H2O2 by the bivalves was detected following exposure to CBZ but nitrite levels remained unchanged. Moreover, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a significant increase in relation to their contact with CBZ. The activity of the biotransformation enzyme gluthatione-S-transferase did not change during exposure. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels indicating cellular damage, increased when bivalves were exposed to 20 and 70 μg l-1 of carbamazepine for 96 h CBZ. The results also indicate that acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was inhibited in all CBZ concentrations during the 48 h exposure period. However, during the 96 h exposure period, AChE was only inhibited at the highest concentration. Further studies are needed now for more exploration of the toxicity of CBZ since it could be bioaccumulable throughout the food web and may affect non-target organisms.

Taurine and Camel Milk Modulate Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Changes in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Teslim S. Abdulkadir ◽  
Fatima A. Dawud ◽  
Ahmed Sherif Isa ◽  
Joseph O. Ayo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Aβ Peptide ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with deficiency in motor coordination, cognitive impairment, and excessive reactive oxygen species production in the brain. Objective: The study evaluated effects of taurine and camel milk (CM) on neurobehavior, amyloid-beta peptide 1–42 (Aβ) expression, acetylcholinesterase, and superoxide dismutase activities in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats. Methods: Thirty-five female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 5): Normal saline (0.2 mL/kg body weight); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) (AD); CM (33 mL/kg); Taurine (50 mg/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg); and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg). The administration lasted for eight weeks via oral gavage. After the eighth week, neurobehavior assessments were performed. Rats were sacrificed, and brain and blood samples collected for analysis. Results: There was a significant (p <  0.0001) increase in the duration of motor endurance in AD + CM rats, compared to AD rats. Duration of forced swimming time was lowest (p <  0.0001) in AlCl3 + Taurine rats, compared to that of AD rats. Concentration of Aβ peptide decreased (p <  0.05) in AD rats, treated with CM and/or combination. In taurine-treated rats, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly (p <  0.05) higher than in AD rats. Treatment with taurine + CM increased (p <  0.05) acetylcholinesterase activity compared to controls. Conclusion: Taurine and CM enhanced cognition and sensorimotor activity by decreasing Aβ peptide concentration and increasing superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase activities in AD rats.

scholarly journals Elma Bitkisi (Malus domestica L.)’nde Foliar Uygulanan Salisilik Asitin Donmaya Karşı Etkileri

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal ◽  
Oğuzhan Mentiş ◽  
Ethem Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In our study we aim to increase frost resistance and improve the yield and quality of apple is important in Turkey and world economy. Phenological and morphological observations, physiological and biochemical analyzes were carried out in apple (Malus domestica L.) plants. It was studied to determine the effects of foliar Salicylic acid (0, 500 ppm/plant and 1000 ppm/plant) on adaptation of this plant when exposed to freezing stress, the quality and yield. Leaf photosynthetic pigment contents, total protein amount, proline amount, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymatic activities were measured. The study planned by random experimental design and statistical analysis of data with SPSS program (LSD test) were made. It was determined that fruit and shoot numbers were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm salicylic acid and while fruit weights were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm and 1000 ppm salicylic acid compared to the control. Also, colour of plants were darkened. Chla, chlb, total chl, proline, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase amounts were increased significantly compared to the control group. Increases occured in the carotenoid and the protein amounts are not significant statistically. In the light of obtained data, foliar application of salicylic acid were found to reduce the effects of freezing stress and to increase the yield and quality of apple plants.

Responses of Free Radicals to Subcutaneous Implantation of Alginate-Chitosan-Alginate (ACA) Microcapsules in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibao Zhu ◽  
Zhaofang Xi ◽  
Shijin Yang ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Post Implantation

The objective of this study was to characterize the levels of free radicals in serum and antioxidase activity after microcapsules were implanted into the subcutaneous space of mice. Cell viability was evaluated using AO/EB staining. Serum free radicals, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels were evaluated by colorimetry analysis. The mice were divided into three groups: saline injection group (n=15), empty microcapsules injected group (n=21), encapsulated cells injected group (n=21). Cell viability and serum analysis were executed at 1, 4 and 7 days post-implantation. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels initially increased in the recipients of the empty microcapsules, before decreasing to the basal level. However, in mice receiving the encapsulated cells, the levels were higher at the end of study. Nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase increased after the implantation of microcapsules with or without the BHK-21 cells, but were not changed in response to the saline injection. The viability of the encapsulated cells was high in vivo, although some microcapsules had broken by 7 days post-implantation. These results suggest that nitric oxide plays a role in the specific response to microcapsules. The levels of free radicals rapidly increased immediately following microcapsule transplantation, but they caused only slight cellular damage before the microencapsulated cells were exposed.

Seasonal Variation in Physiological Energetics of Mytilus Edulis and Cerastoderma Edule of Different Size Classes

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Smaal ◽  
A.P.M.A. Vonck ◽  
M. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Cerastoderma Edule ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Respiration Rates

Seasonal variation of clearance, absorption and respiration rates of mussels Mytilus edulis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and cockles Cerastoderma edule (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of various size classes have been measured under ambient temperature and sea-water conditions. Food availability was kept almost constant during the measurements.Allometric body weight coefficients were bcl=0.5 for clearance and about br=0.7 for respiration rate of both species. Stepwise multiple regression suggested no relation for clearance rate of mussels with temperature and reproductive condition throughout the year. Respiration rates of mussels were highest during the reproductive period. Excretion rate was measured for mussels only and showed an allometric coefficient of bex=0.7 and an increase with temperature in spring. For cockles a significant relation of clearance rate, body weight and temperature was observed; at low temperature, clearance rates of small animals were more reduced than for larger animals. Respiration rates of cockles showed a significant relationship with temperature and reproductive condition.

Mitochondrial Localization of Superoxide Dismutase is Required for Decreasing Radiation-Induced Cellular Damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Epperly ◽  
Joan E. Gretton ◽  
Christine A. Sikora ◽  
Mia Jefferson ◽  
Michael Bernarding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Mitochondrial Localization ◽  
Radiation Induced

Removal of Zn(II) from simulated wastewater using an algal biofilm

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuixia Liu ◽  
Zhiquan Hu ◽  
Jiaolan Zuo ◽  
Mian Hu ◽  
Bo Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Algal Biofilm ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

An algal biofilm was employed as a novel kind of adsorbing material to remove Zn(II) from simulated wastewater. The algal biofilm system formed by Oedogonium sp. was operated in a dynamic mode for a period of 14 days with an initial Zn(II) concentration of 10 mg/L. The average effluent Zn(II) concentration was 0.247 mg/L and the average removal efficiency reached 97.7%. The effects of Zn(II) on key algal physiological and biochemical indices such as chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase and superoxide dismutase activity, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), and soluble protein levels were studied. Our results showed that the algal biofilm could adapt to the simulated wastewater containing Zn(II). Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of algal biofilm revealed the presence of carboxyl, amino, and sulphonate groups, which were the main functional groups of EPS and proteins, and these were likely responsible for biosorption of the Zn(II) ions.

scholarly journals Protein Damage and Antioxidant Status Alterations Caused by Oxidative Injury in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Pande ◽  
Reena Negi ◽  
Ranjana S. Khanna ◽  
Hari D. Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Cellular Damage

Objective: To evaluate the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation called the Philadelphia chromosome. Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals mediate phenotypic and genotypic changes leading from mutation to neoplasia in all cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia. We evaluated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia by observing their oxidative status and antioxidant defense.Methods: Using serum from 40 clinically diagnosed cases of chronic myeloid leukemia as well as 40 healthy controls, we measured the concentration of thiobarbituric acid, levels of protein carbonylation, total antioxidant status, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamins A and E, and the trace elements zinc, magnesium, and selenium. Results: We found significantly increased levels of serum malonyldialdehyde and protein carbonyl in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in comparison to healthy individuals, and significantly decreased levels of the antioxidants and micronutrients thiobarbituric acid, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamins A and E, zinc, magnesium, and selenium. These data suggest cellular damage occurring at the level of lipids and proteins.Conclusion: These findings indicate a link between low levels of antioxidants and cellular damage in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, supporting the idea that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of a deltamethrin based pesticide (DBP) to the Neotropical electric fish Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus (Gymnotiformes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Valesca de Souza CHAVES ◽  
Jaydione Luiz MARCON ◽  
Wallice Paxiúba DUNCAN ◽  
José Antônio ALVES-GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Biomarkers ◽  
Amazonian Fish ◽  
Gst Activity

ABSTRACT Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control in Brazilian agriculture. The intensive and disordered use of this pesticide in the Amazon region can drive it into aquatic ecosystems in several ways, but mainly by runoff and leaching. The present study was conceived to determine the acute toxicity (LC50) of a deltamethrin based pesticide (DBP) and to characterize its effects on two biochemical biomarkers, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in tissues of the electric fish Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus. Fishes were exposed to concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μg L-1 of DBP for up to 96 hours. For each treatment, the absolute activity of the enzymes GST (muscle and liver) and AChE (muscle and nervous tissue) were analyzed. The LC50-96 h for Microsternarchus cf. bilineatus was 2.15 μg L-1, the lowest concentration registered for an Amazonian fish species so far. None of the concentrations tested of this insecticide affected AChE activity for the exposure period tested. A significant increase in muscle GST activity was detected only for concentrations of 2 and 3 μg L-1.

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