scholarly journals Occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders in dairy cows from western Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana L. Fiorentin ◽  
Solange Zanovello ◽  
Andrei Gato ◽  
André L. Piovezan ◽  
Maurício V. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Copper And Zinc

ABSTRACT: The management of dairy herds during the transition period has been studied in several studies due to the severe adjustments to which cows are submitted in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and minerals at early lactation. This is a period when occurs most of the metabolic disorders in dairy cows, especially in their subclinical form. Hitherto a lack of information exists on the occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders, including ketosis, liver lipidosis, hypocalcemia, lactacidemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as phosphorous, copper and zinc deficiency in dairy cattle from the western region of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, during the first 30 days of lactation. Blood samples from 15 dairy herds managed in intensive production (free-stall) and semi-confined systems were collected. Milk yield, reproduction and health data of the herd were recorded in a questionnaire, based on the records of the farm and on the observations during samples collection. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and lactate using portable monitors at the farm and for obtaining serum to perform the following biochemical determinations: total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) by UV-visible spectrophotometry, and copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In this study, the cutoff points considered were as follows: serum BHB concentrations >1.2mmol/L for subclinical ketosis, AST >140U/L and CK <94U/L for subclinical liver lipidosis, serum lactate concentrations >2.2mmol/L for lactacidemia, serum total calcium concentrations <7.5mg/dL for subclinical hypocalcemia, serum magnesium concentration <1.7mg/dL for hypomagnesemia, serum phosphorus concentration <2.5mg/dL for phosphorus deficiency, serum copper concentrations <32.8μg/dL for copper deficiency, and serum zinc concentrations <60μg/dL for zinc deficiency. The results showed an occurrence of 9% for subclinical ketosis, 11% for subclinical liver lipidosis, 44.5% for lactacidemia, 11% for subclinical hypocalcemia, 7.4% for subclinical hypomagnesemia, 10.7% for copper deficiency and 8.7% for zinc deficiency. According to the survey results, the occurrence of subclinical ketosis, lipidosis and hypocalcemia in western Santa Catarina differ from data found in the literature

scholarly journals Energetic status of crossbreed dairy cows during transition period in two different seasons

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Moreira ◽  
E. J. Facury Filho ◽  
R. M. Meneses ◽  
F. L. M. Mendonça ◽  
J. A. M. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Different Seasons

ABSTRACTWe used 31 crossbreed dairy cows to compare the energetic profile in summer and winter. Blood samples were taken weekly prepartum, at calving and on days 2, 5, 10, 15, 21 and 30 postpartum. All metabolic indicators analyzed were influenced by the physiological status. The glucose concentrations were higher during winter while the triglyceride concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher in the summer. The season influenced the concentrations of cholesterol, AST and GGT, showing a different pattern between summer and winter. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hidroxibutirate (BHB) were not influenced by the season. Cows that calved during winter had a greater body condition score (BCS) and lost more BCS until calving. During summer, 32.26% of the animals and 29.03% during winter had NEFA concentrations above the optimum level and 22.58% of the animals in summer and 19.35% in the winter had subclinical ketosis at some point during the transition period, making then more susceptible to diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ketosis Detected by an Electronic Cow Side Test and its Impact to Days Open on Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Duricic Drazen ◽  
Bacan Iva ◽  
Samardzija Marko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Days Open

The study aimed to resolve and confirm the previous results of subclinical and clinical ketosis prevalence in northwestern Croatia detected by an electronic cow side test and its impact on days open in dairy herds. Cows (N=559) 2-8 years old from 96 farms located in northwestern Croatia were included in the study. The average milk yield was 7327.80 ± 968.21 kg. The cows were classified into two separate groups: ketotic cows group KET (n=73) with BHBA blood concentration of ≥1.4 mmol/L, and negative NEG (n=486) group with serum BHBA level of <1.4 mmol/L. One droplet of blood from the caudal vein was collect from randomly selected cows in the period 7 to 15 days after parturition. BHBA level determined with Precision Xceed BHBA devices. The period from parturition to first insemination (days open to the first (artificial) insemination, DOFI) was shorter in NEG than in the POS group (110.56±10.65 days vs.114.82±12.23 days, respectively) such as period from parturition to successful conception (days open to successful conception, DOSC), (139.97±15.18 days vs. 127.99±15.87 days, respectively). The prevalence of clinical and subclinical ketosis was 15.02%. Ketosis significantly prolonged days open to first artificial insemination and days open to successful conception in cows from northwestern Croatia.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra M.B García ◽  
Felipe C Cardoso ◽  
Rómulo Campos ◽  
Diego X Thedy ◽  
Félix H.D González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24% during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

Evaluation of the Change of Serum Copper and Zinc Concentrations of Dairy Cows with Subclinical Ketosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Guowen Liu ◽  
Xiaobing Li ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Changming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

An economic model evaluating the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 given around parturition and in early lactation on dairy farms in Québec, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Duplessis ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
D. Pellerin
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Actual Knowledge

Duplessis, M., Girard, C. L., Santschi, D. E. and Pellerin, D. 2014. An economic model evaluating the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 given around parturition and in early lactation on dairy farms in Québec, Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 737–747. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential profitability of a combined supplement of folic acid and vitamin B12 given around parturition and in early lactation in commercial dairy herds in Québec. A total of 791 dairy cows from 14 herds were enrolled. Cows were assigned to weekly intramuscular injections of saline or 320 mg of folic acid and 10 mg of vitamin B12. Treatments began 3 wk before the expected calving date and lasted until 8 wk of lactation. Within each herd, data on production, reproduction, and incidence of metabolic disorders and other diseases were recorded. With regard to the Canadian dairy industry, which operates under a supply management system, two scenarios were studied: (1) quota kept constant and (2) number of cows kept constant. For scenarios 1 and 2, eight and seven herds out of 14, respectively, obtained a positive annual net margin per cow following the vitamin supplement. The average net margins were Can$31.18 and Can$–4.86 N cow−1 yr−1 for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The variability of the response highlights that supplies of these vitamins by ruminal synthesis were probably different among herds and actual knowledge does not allow predicting supplies according to the diet.

Effects of nitrogen, copper, and zinc fertilizers on the copper and zinc nutrition of wheat plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Chaudhry ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Copper Absorption ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The effects of nitrogen, copper, and zinc fertilizers on dry matter yields and on copper and zinc absorption and distribution were studied in Gabo wheat plants grown in pots of an acid loamy sand from Badgingarra, Western Australia. Plants were harvested three times during vegetative growth and at maturity. Copper and zinc fertilizers had no effect on vegetative or grain yields unless nitrogen fertilizer was also added. Nitrogen fertilizer overcame symptoms of severe nitrogen deficiency and increased growth five- to eightfold. Nitrogen induced slight symptoms of copper deficiency and of zinc deficiency after 80 days' growth and induced severe symptoms of copper deficiency at maturity. Nitrogen severely depressed the concentrations of copper and zinc in plant tops and roots by diluting the absorbed copper and zinc: two effects of nitrogen on growth contributed to dilution of copper and zinc - a large increase in total growth and a marked increase in top relative to root growth. Deficiencies of copper and of zinc each depressed vegetative growth and delayed maturity: at maturity, each deficiency enhanced straw yields and depressed grain yields. Copper deficiency was aggravated by zinc sulphate, which depressed copper concentrations of tops and roots. Zinc depressed copper concentrations mainly by depressing copper absorption: it depressed the amount of copper absorbed, depressed the rate of copper absorption per gram root in early growth, and had no effect on the distribution of copper between roots and tops. The combined effects of zinc and nitrogen fertilizers induced such severe copper deficiency at maturity that they almost eliminated grain yield. Zinc deficiency was aggravated by copper sulphate, which depressed zinc concentrations of tops and roots. Copper depressed zinc concentrations in plants partly by increasing growth but primarily by depressing zinc absorption: copper depressed the amount of zinc absorbed, depressed the rate of zinc absorption per gram root in early growth, and had no effect on the distribution of zinc between roots and tops. It is suggested that nitrogen fertilizer could induce copper and zinc deficiencies in cereal crops growing on soils with marginal copper or zinc supplies. Zinc fertilizers would aggravate the effect of nitrogen on copper deficiency, and copper fertilizers would aggravate the effect of nitrogen on zinc deficiency.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Subclinical Ketosis and Ruminal Dysfunction in Dairy Cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-971
Author(s):  
Alena Pechová ◽  
Andrea Nečasová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractKetosis is still an important problem which must be solved in dairy herds. Early precise diagnosis and proper evaluation of the cause of the disease is essential for good management of ketosis on dairy farms. The aim of our work was to analyse the occurrence of rumen dysfunction in connection with subclinical ketosis in dairy herds and to evaluate the relationships between beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in blood and metabolic parameters in blood, urine and rumen fluid. We analysed the results of metabolic profile tests performed in dairy cattle herds from 1,338 cows. The concentration of BHB significantly correlated with glucose, NEFA (nonesterified fatty acids), bilirubin, AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (γ-glutamyl transferase), urea, magnesium and calcium in blood serum and with following parameters of rumen fluid – acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate/propionate and infusoria. Significant but weak correlations were found between BHB and urine parameters (pH, specific gravity, potassium, magnesium, chloride). Subclinical ruminal acidosis was found in 23.1% and 16.7% of dairy cows with light (BHB 1.2–2 mmol/L) and more severe subclinical ketosis (BHB >2 mmol/L) and simple ruminal indigestion in 16.7% and 30%, respectively. On the basis of performed analysis we can conclude that rumen dysfunction is an important factor for the development of ketosis. Veterinary practitioners should suggest checking the feeding management in their diagnostic work with the aim to distinguish primary and secondary ketosis. Only complex and precise diagnostic work allows applying correct and successful therapy not only for individual animals but also for herd health management.

Relation between intravascular electrolyte level and course of parturition in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seyrek-Intas ◽  
K. Failing ◽  
G. Yilmazbas Mecitoglu ◽  
H. Bostedt ◽  
D. Seyrek-Intas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
P Values ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrolyte Homeostasis ◽  
Convalescence Phase

Summary Objective: To determine the intravascular electrolyte status in dairy cows with respect to age and different courses of parturition to clarify etiological factors influencing peri- or intrapartal imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis. Material and methods: A total of 64 cows at birth were evaluated (primiparous n = 34, pluriparous n = 30). Thirty-three cows showed normal delivery, while 31 cows had a complicated birth. Blood samples were collected intra partum (i. p.) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 h post partum (p. p.) as well as [2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 days p. p. and levels of total calcium (Catotal), ionized calcium (Caion), inorganic phosphate (Pa), Mg, Na, K, Cl were determined. Results: The results revealed that electrolytes show great fluctuation during and immediately p. p. in relation to age. Already during parturition pluriparous cows had a lower Catotal and Pa concentration compared to primiparous animals. Cows with dystocia exhibited a more intensive and longer lasting decrease of Ca compared to cows with normal birth. In relation to age and severity of birth Pa concentration showed a differing but basically typical course for this electrolyte. Mg, Na, K and Cl concentrations were higher during and immediately after birth compared to p. p. values. Until day 10 p. p. these electrolyte concentrations declined more in older cows with dystocia compared to younger animals. However, the influence of dystocia on concentration of these electrolytes was milder in contrast to Ca and Pa. Conclusions: In summary, primarily older cows are predisposed to imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis intra partum and at the beginning of the lactation. These changes are potentiated in case of complications during parturition. Intravascular Catotal, Caion as well as Pa are most severely affected. Clinical relevance: These results may constitute the basis for a comprehensive metaphylaxis during the peripartal period, especially in cows after dystocia, to positively influence the early convalescence phase.

Comparing the performance of Holstein and Friesian dairy cows on British dairy farms

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
G. E. Pollott ◽  
J. D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Friesian Cows

In recent years there has been an influx of Holstein genes into the UK dairy herd, largely achieved by a ‘grading up’ process using imported Holstein semen on Friesian cows. The research reported here investigates this process using performance records from UK dairy herds.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in the Blood of High-Yielding Dairy Cows at Selected Collection Sites in Various Disease States

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Wojciech Barański ◽  
Magdalena Gajęcka ◽  
Łukasz Zielonka ◽  
Magdalena Mróz ◽  
Ewa Onyszek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hepatic Portal

Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites, alpha-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and beta-zearalenol (β-ZEL), are ubiquitous in plant materials used as feed components in dairy cattle diets. The aim of this study was to confirm the occurrence of ZEN and its selected metabolites in blood samples collected from different sites in the hepatic portal system (posthepatic–external jugular vein EJV; prehepatic–abdominal subcutaneous vein ASV and median caudal vein MCV) of dairy cows diagnosed with mastitis, ovarian cysts and pyometra. The presence of mycotoxins in the blood plasma was determined with the use of combined separation methods involving immunoaffinity columns, a liquid chromatography system and a mass spectrometry system. The parent compound was detected in all samples collected from diseased cows, whereas α-ZEL and β-ZEL were not identified in any samples, or their concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD). Zearalenone levels were highest in cows with pyometra, where the percentage share of average ZEN concentrations reached 44%. Blood sampling sites were arranged in the following ascending order based on ZEN concentrations: EJV (10.53 pg/mL, 44.07% of the samples collected from this site), ASV (14.20 pg/mL, 49.59% of the samples) and MCV (26.67 pg/mL, 67.35% of the samples). The results of the study indicate that blood samples for toxicological analyses should be collected from the MCV (prehepatic vessel) of clinically healthy cows and/or cows with subclinical ZEN mycotoxicosis. This sampling site increases the probability of correct diagnosis of subclinical ZEN mycotoxicosis.

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