Effects of nitrogen, copper, and zinc fertilizers on the copper and zinc nutrition of wheat plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Chaudhry ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Copper Absorption ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The effects of nitrogen, copper, and zinc fertilizers on dry matter yields and on copper and zinc absorption and distribution were studied in Gabo wheat plants grown in pots of an acid loamy sand from Badgingarra, Western Australia. Plants were harvested three times during vegetative growth and at maturity. Copper and zinc fertilizers had no effect on vegetative or grain yields unless nitrogen fertilizer was also added. Nitrogen fertilizer overcame symptoms of severe nitrogen deficiency and increased growth five- to eightfold. Nitrogen induced slight symptoms of copper deficiency and of zinc deficiency after 80 days' growth and induced severe symptoms of copper deficiency at maturity. Nitrogen severely depressed the concentrations of copper and zinc in plant tops and roots by diluting the absorbed copper and zinc: two effects of nitrogen on growth contributed to dilution of copper and zinc - a large increase in total growth and a marked increase in top relative to root growth. Deficiencies of copper and of zinc each depressed vegetative growth and delayed maturity: at maturity, each deficiency enhanced straw yields and depressed grain yields. Copper deficiency was aggravated by zinc sulphate, which depressed copper concentrations of tops and roots. Zinc depressed copper concentrations mainly by depressing copper absorption: it depressed the amount of copper absorbed, depressed the rate of copper absorption per gram root in early growth, and had no effect on the distribution of copper between roots and tops. The combined effects of zinc and nitrogen fertilizers induced such severe copper deficiency at maturity that they almost eliminated grain yield. Zinc deficiency was aggravated by copper sulphate, which depressed zinc concentrations of tops and roots. Copper depressed zinc concentrations in plants partly by increasing growth but primarily by depressing zinc absorption: copper depressed the amount of zinc absorbed, depressed the rate of zinc absorption per gram root in early growth, and had no effect on the distribution of zinc between roots and tops. It is suggested that nitrogen fertilizer could induce copper and zinc deficiencies in cereal crops growing on soils with marginal copper or zinc supplies. Zinc fertilizers would aggravate the effect of nitrogen on copper deficiency, and copper fertilizers would aggravate the effect of nitrogen on zinc deficiency.

Response of plant species to concentrations of zinc in solution. II. Rates of zinc absorption and their relation to growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Carroll ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

Rates of zinc absorption by eight plant species grown for 46 days increased almost linearly from 2 to 400 ng atoms Zn/g fresh roots/day as zinc concentration in flowing culture solutions increased from 0.01 to 6.25µM At particular zinc concentrations, rates of absorption were about one-tenth of those reported for excised roots and up to 50 times greater than calculated rates of absorption from standard culture solutions. Reasons for these discrepancies arc discussed. At rates of zinc absorption of 2–4 ng atoms/g fresh roots/day many species developed symptoms of zinc deficiency and no species made maximal growth. Increasing rates of absorption to 10 ng atoms/g/day increased the growth of all species to maximal or near-maximal growth. Increasing rates of absorption beyond this slightly increased the yield of some species, but between 20 and 100 ng atoms/g/day there was no effect on the yield of any species. Rates in excess of 240 ng atoms/g/day were associated with depressed yields in all legumes but not in any cereals. Differences in rates of zinc absorption contributed to, but could not solely account for, differences among species in response to zinc concentrations in solution. The extent to which other factors may have modified the relationship between rate of absorption and yield is discussed.

The risk of copper deficiency in patients prescribed zinc supplements

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Duncan ◽  
Calum Yacoubian ◽  
Neil Watson ◽  
Ian Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Supplements ◽  
High Doses

AimsIn high doses zinc may cause copper deficiency, a diagnosis that is often missed resulting in anaemia, neutropenia and irreversible neurological symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess if zinc deficiency is erroneously diagnosed by misinterpretation of plasma zinc concentrations and whether copper deficiency is induced in patients prescribed zinc.MethodsCasenotes of 70 patients prescribed zinc were scrutinised. Plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, C reactive protein and albumin were recorded from the laboratory database.Results62% of patients were prescribed zinc at doses sufficient to cause copper deficiency. In 48% of the patients, plasma zinc concentrations were low as a probable result of hypoalbuminaemia or the systemic inflammatory response rather than deficiency. Awareness of copper deficiency was lacking; it was only documented as a possible side effect in one patient and plasma copper was measured in only two patients prescribed zinc. 9% of patients developed unexplained anaemia and 7% developed neurological symptoms typical of copper deficiency.ConclusionsZinc deficiency is frequently misdiagnosed on the basis of low plasma zinc concentrations. The potential risk of copper deficiency developing in patients prescribed high doses of zinc is apparently infrequently considered. It is probable that a significant minority of patients prescribed with high doses of zinc develop iatrogenic copper deficiency.

scholarly journals Occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders in dairy cows from western Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana L. Fiorentin ◽  
Solange Zanovello ◽  
Andrei Gato ◽  
André L. Piovezan ◽  
Maurício V. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Copper And Zinc

ABSTRACT: The management of dairy herds during the transition period has been studied in several studies due to the severe adjustments to which cows are submitted in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and minerals at early lactation. This is a period when occurs most of the metabolic disorders in dairy cows, especially in their subclinical form. Hitherto a lack of information exists on the occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders, including ketosis, liver lipidosis, hypocalcemia, lactacidemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as phosphorous, copper and zinc deficiency in dairy cattle from the western region of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, during the first 30 days of lactation. Blood samples from 15 dairy herds managed in intensive production (free-stall) and semi-confined systems were collected. Milk yield, reproduction and health data of the herd were recorded in a questionnaire, based on the records of the farm and on the observations during samples collection. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and lactate using portable monitors at the farm and for obtaining serum to perform the following biochemical determinations: total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) by UV-visible spectrophotometry, and copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In this study, the cutoff points considered were as follows: serum BHB concentrations >1.2mmol/L for subclinical ketosis, AST >140U/L and CK <94U/L for subclinical liver lipidosis, serum lactate concentrations >2.2mmol/L for lactacidemia, serum total calcium concentrations <7.5mg/dL for subclinical hypocalcemia, serum magnesium concentration <1.7mg/dL for hypomagnesemia, serum phosphorus concentration <2.5mg/dL for phosphorus deficiency, serum copper concentrations <32.8μg/dL for copper deficiency, and serum zinc concentrations <60μg/dL for zinc deficiency. The results showed an occurrence of 9% for subclinical ketosis, 11% for subclinical liver lipidosis, 44.5% for lactacidemia, 11% for subclinical hypocalcemia, 7.4% for subclinical hypomagnesemia, 10.7% for copper deficiency and 8.7% for zinc deficiency. According to the survey results, the occurrence of subclinical ketosis, lipidosis and hypocalcemia in western Santa Catarina differ from data found in the literature

COPPER AND ZINC INDUCED CHANGES IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
K. SANKAR GANESH ◽  
P. SUNDARAMOORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Induced Changes

Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants released to the aquatic environment by the various industrial activities. The use of these wastewater for irrigation results accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants. So, the present investigation deals with the various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l) of copper and zinc on germination studies of soybean. The different concentrations of copper and zinc were used for germination studies. The seedlings were allowed to grow upto seven days. The studied morphological traits increased at 5 mg/l concentration and these parameters are gradually decreased with the increase of copper and zinc concentrations.

Evaluation of iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods formulated for healthy cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110262
Author(s):  
Stacie Summers ◽  
Jonathan Stockman ◽  
Jennifer A Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), foods marketed by age category (adult 1+ years and senior 7+ years) and foods intended for adult maintenance vs all life stages. Methods In total, 112 commercial non-therapeutic food products marketed for healthy adult and senior cats were purchased in the USA. Foods were analyzed for their proximate composition. Trace mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and described on a calculated metabolizable energy basis using standard modified Atwater values. Results Measured iron (median 58.4 mg/1000 kcal [range 15.7–379.0]), copper (median 5.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 0.8–13.3]) and zinc (median 47.6 mg/1000 kcal [range 7.6–128.1]) concentrations were highly variable among cat foods. When all food products – regardless of their nutritional adequacy substantiation method – were compared with the Association of American Feed Control Officials regulatory minimums, 13/112 food products had a mineral deficiency, of which a majority (n = 11/13) were raw food products. Raw foods had significantly lower trace mineral concentrations compared with dry food products and, except for copper, canned food products. Cat foods marketed for senior cats had higher iron ( P = 0.019) and zinc ( P <0.0001) concentrations than foods marketed for adult cats. Foods intended for adult maintenance had higher iron ( P = 0.003) and zinc concentrations than foods intended for all life stages ( P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Iron, copper and zinc concentrations in commercial non-therapeutic foods for adult and senior cats are highly variable. A minority of foods – mainly raw food products – were deficient in these minerals. It is unknown if some foods with high trace mineral concentrations could have adverse effects as studies are needed to establish safe upper limits for dietary intake of trace minerals in healthy cats.

A two hundred years record of atmospheric cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in high altitude snow and ice from the French-Italian Alps

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Van de Velde ◽  
Claude F. Boutron ◽  
Christophe P. Ferrari ◽  
Ann-Laure Moreau ◽  
Robert J. Delmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Snow And Ice

Enteropathic acrodermatitis in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Pokhlebkina ◽  
D.V. Zaslavsky ◽  
A.I. Khavkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Erythematous Plaques

Enteropathic acrodermatitis is a rare hereditary form of zinc deficiency, characterized by periorial and acral dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea. Refers to congenital disorders of zinc metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in the gene for the zinc transporter SLC39A4. The prevalence ranges from 1 to 9:1,000,000, with an overall incidence of 1:500,000 newborns. The disease usually manifests itself in infancy, within a few weeks of stopping breastfeeding and switching the baby to a cow's milk-based formula, or in the first days of life if artificially fed from birth. The classical clinical manifestations of acrodermatitis enteropathic are characterized by the triad: acral and periofital dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea, but all three signs together occur only in 20% of cases. Diarrhea may develop concurrently with skin symptoms, may precede or occur later. Characteristic signs of skin lesions include sharply demarcated, dry, scaly erythematous plaques or edematous foci with vesicles and pustules on the skin of the elbow and knee joints, distal extremities, genitals, in the inguinal folds, which are usually symmetrically distributed, have sharp boundaries and irregular outlines. The course of the skin syndrome is long, as it progresses, non-healing erosive and ulcerative areas appear. Plasma zinc deficiency is the gold standard for diagnosis. Most infants with AE have low plasma zinc concentrations (<500 mcg/L or <50 mcg/dl), but a level of less than 70 mcg/L on an empty stomach or less than 65 mcg/dl in older non-dieting children is considered diagnostically significant. Treatment for this disease usually includes enteral or parenteral zinc administration, at a dose of 1-3 mg/kg/day. for elemental zinc. A clinical response is observed within 5–10 days. Supportive zinc therapy is necessary throughout the patient's life, although periods of remission have been reported. Topical therapy is also used: Dexpanthenol in the form of a cream, applied 3 times a day in the area of dermatitis, can enhance re-epithelialization. There is no significant evidence of improvement with topical zinc application. No activity restrictions are required for patients with acrodermatitis enteropathic. Key words: zinc deficiency, enteropathic acrodermatitis, children

Zinc Deficiency and Edema

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H. N. GOLDEN ◽  
BARBARA E. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Plasma Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

To the Editor.— Kumar and Anday1 describe three premature infants presenting with edema and hypoproteinemia—the classical signs of kwashiorkor—between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Such cases are not uncommon in developing countries. Kumar and Anday's patients had low plasma zinc concentrations (43, 37, and 42 µg/dL). On this basis the authors claim that edema and hypoproteinemia is a clinical presentation of zinc deficiency not previously reported. We reported2 a clear association between "nutritional" edema and a low plasma zinc concentration in 1979; our subsequent experience has confirmed that edema of this type is always associated with a low plasma zinc concentration, as indeed Kumar and Andays' cases demonstrate.

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