scholarly journals Feed restriction since lactation has reduced anxiety in adult Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Regina RIUL ◽  
Sebastião Sousa ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lipid Control ◽  
Control Protein ◽  
Entry Latency

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effects of macronutrients (protein, carbohydrate and/or lipid) in the diet of young adult (72 days) and adult (182 days) Wistar rats treated ad libitum and with 30% restriction from birth on anxiety in the elevated plus-maze. Methods We used 238 rats treated from birth, composing the groups: Control, Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Carbohydrate and Lipid, Control Restriction, Protein Restriction, Carbohydrate Restriction, Lipid Restriction and Carbohydrate and Lipid Restriction. The animals were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and tested in the elevated plus-maze. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, followed by the Newman-Keuls Test (p<0.05). Results Among the animals treated ad libitum, the Control, Carbohydrate plus Lipid and Lipid gained more weight than the Carbohydrate and Protein; ad libitum animals gained more weight than those on restriction; among the restrictions, Carbohydrate Restriction rats were the ones that gained less weight. Diet-restricted animals exhibited reduced first-entry latency, greater percentage of entries and time spent, frequency of open arm extremity visits, head dipping (protected and unprotected), and length of stay in the central area of the elevated plus-maze. The animals with 182 days presented greater latency for first entry, reduced frequency of false entries and visits to the ends of the open arms and protected head dipping. Conclusion Food restricted animals, regardless of the macronutrient present in the diet, were less anxious and/or increased their impulsivity and those at 182 days were more anxious and/or with reduced impulsivity.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to diazepam after a single session of forced swim stress in weaning Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Stress

Abstract The present study investigated the sensitivity to stress and diazepam in weaning (21-day old) Wistar rats. A single 15-min session of forced swimming was used to induce anxiety-like behavior. The group that was forced to swim exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) compared to the non-stressed group. Diazepam (1 h before the tests) reduced anxiety-like behavior in rats forced to swim compared to the vehicle stressed group. The dose-response curve for diazepam indicated that the 0.5 mg kg−1 dose (1 h before the EPM and OFT) was the minimum effective dose in reducing anxiety-like behavior without altering locomotor activity in weaning rats. These results indicate that weaning rats can develop anxiety-like behavior after a brief, single session of stress, and that rats at this age are seemingly more sensitive to diazepam than adult rats, which may be taken into account for clinical applications.

scholarly journals A Fatty Acids Mixture Reduces Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Infant Rats Mediated by GABAA Receptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Juan F. Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Defensive Burying ◽  
Young Offspring

Fatty acids (C6–C18) found in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and maternal milk reduce behavioral indicators of experimental anxiety in adult Wistar rats. Unknown, however, is whether the anxiolytic-like effects of fatty acids provide a natural mechanism against anxiety in young offspring. The present study assessed the anxiolytic-like effect of a mixture of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid in Wistar rats on postnatal day 28. Infant rats were subjected to the elevated plus maze, defensive burying test, and locomotor activity test. Diazepam was used as a reference anxiolytic drug. A group that was pretreated with picrotoxin was used to explore the participation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects. Similar to diazepam, the fatty acid mixture significantly increased the frequency of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze and decreased burying behavior in the defensive burying test, without producing significant changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. These anxiolytic-like effects were blocked by picrotoxin. Results suggest that these fatty acids that are contained in maternal fluid may reduce anxiety-like behavior by modulating GABAergic neurotransmission in infant 28-day-old rats.

scholarly journals Deuterium depletion induces anxiolytic-like effects in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mladin ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Radu Lefter ◽  
Alexandru Popescu ◽  
Walther Bild
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plus Maze

Deuterium-depleted water (DDW) has a concentration of deuterium 6-7 times lower than naturally occurring water (20-25 ppm vs. 150 ppm). When administered for a longer period, it can reduce the concentration of deuterium throughout the body, activating cellular mechanisms that depend on protons. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of chronic DDW administration on anxiety-related processes in Wistar rats when compared to a control group that received distilled water, as studied in an elevated plus maze behavioral test. Our results describe a possible anxiolytic-like effect of DDW administration on rats, as shown by the increase in the percentage of time and number of entries in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. The administration of DDW also resulted in stimulated head-dipping behavior in the open arms, which is a behavioral change that characterizes the exploratory behavior and decreased inhibition/ fear in an unfamiliar environment. We conclude that the change in this balance may have important consequences for many biological mechanisms. A deuterium desaturation treatment with DDW might have a use in anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Divya Bhargavan ◽  
Suchetha Kumari ◽  
Deepa B
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the nootropic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves using elevated plus maze and radial arm maze.Methods: Adult Wistar rats were allotted to three groups; Group 1 served as control, Groups 2 and 3 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of AA extract, respectively, orally for 2 weeks after which the extent of improvement of memory was assessed.Results: AA showed nootropic activity in both elevated plus maze and radial arm maze. 200 mg/kg of AA extract showed better improvement in learning and memory compared to 400 mg/kg.Conclusions: These results indicate that AA leaves extract clearly exhibited the improvement in learning and memory.

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