scholarly journals Pasture production under different irrigation depths

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laísa S. Antoniel ◽  
Giuliani do Prado ◽  
Adriano C. Tinos ◽  
Gabriel A. Beltrame ◽  
João V. C. de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
State University ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Monteith Equation ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the production of two pasture species, Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, under different irrigation depths. The experiment was carried out from May to December 2014, at the State University of Maringá, in the municipality of Cidade Gaúcha-PR, Brazil. The experiment was set out in a strip-plot design, with four replicates, six irrigation depths in the plot and two pasture species in the subplot. Irrigation depths were represented by a percentage of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which was estimated by the Penman-Monteith equation. Four pasture cuts were performed during the studied period and there were no differences between the yields of both evaluated pasture species; however, irrigation depths caused a quadratic response on pasture yield. The maximum values of dry matter yield of the pastures under irrigated conditions were 52.1, 41.6, 26.2 and 25.1% higher than under non-irrigated conditions, for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cuts, respectively. Irrigation depths that applied water volumes close to ET0 promoted considerable increases in pasture yield.

scholarly journals Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
José Alexandre Agiova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

scholarly journals DEGRADAÇÃO RUMINAL DA MATÉRIA SECA E DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE VOLUMOSOS PARA BOVINOS Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of roughages for cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique De Tonissi e Buschinelli ◽  
Rita De Cássia Menchon Tramontini ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Gabriel Daltoé de Almeida ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e proteína bruta por meio da técnica in situ dos capins Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum cortados aos 60 dias de idade, das silagens de milho, sorgo e milheto, dos fenos de coast cross, guandu e soja perene e do farelo de soja. Foram utilizados três novilhos com peso médio de 300 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais. Os volumosos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h, e o farelo de soja incubado nos tempos 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h. Os resíduos dos sacos foram analisados quanto aos teores de matéria seca e proteína bruta. O farelo de soja apresentou alta degradabilidade efetiva para MS em função das frações solúveis (32,85%) e fração potencialmente degradável (65,75%). A silagem de sorgo apresentou elevada fração solúvel e potencialmente degradável se comparada às demais silagens. O feno de soja perene apresentou a maior degradabilidade de MS (80,42%), entre os volumosos avaliados. Para a proteína, destacam-se a baixa degradabilidade apresentada pelo feno de guandu (36,91%) e os demais volumosos apresentaram degradabilidade variando entre 64,50 a 74,56%.

Perennial pasture production after irrigation with saline ground water in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Mehanni ◽  
AP Repsys
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Animal Diet ◽  
Pasture Yield

Irrigation water with nominal salinities of 100,300,700,1500 or 3000 mg/litre and superimposed yearly gypsum treatment (5 t/ha) were applied for 2 years on established white clover, ryegrass and paspalum pasture grown on a red-brown earth soil type, and for another 6 years after the pasture was sod-seeded with strawberry clover. Initially pasture dry matter production was reduced at all salinities above the control, predominantly because of a decline in white clover growth. However, after strawberry clover was added to the sward, pasture yield was not significantly affected by water with salinities up to 700 mg/litre in any one year and only reduced by about 25 and 50% at 1500 and 3000 mg/litre respectively. Soil salinities had largely reached equilibrium after 4 years and relative pasture yields remained relatively stable from then to the end of the experiment and it is not expected to change greatly in the longer term. Pasture mineral composition was within the recommended range for animal diet requirements.

scholarly journals Proximate Nutrient Composition of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
J. Coward-Lord ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
O. García-Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Difference

Ten tropical forage grasses (Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Guinea, Panicum maximum; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; and Lampo, Hemarthria altissima), lightly fertilized with NH4NO3 at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) every 30 days during 180 days, beginning on August 20, 1970, at the College of Agricultural Sciences grass collection, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Total dry matter (TDM) content was calculated. Forages studied were evaluated chemically for crude protein (N X 6.25) (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and ash (A). NFE was calculated as the difference between 100 and the sum of CP, CF, EE and A. Statistical analyses of variance were conducted. All fractions differed in a highly significant way with respect to species and plant age. Highly significant differences in CP, EE and A at decreasing rates and in TDM, CF and NFE at increasing rates were obtained, as the grasses advanced in maturity. The largest changes in forage quality occurred between 30 and 60 days of age.

Agroforestry in Eastern Otago: results from two long-term experiments

2000 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
G.G. Cossens ◽  
M.F. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Pasture Yield

During the first 20 years of a Pinus radiata tree rotation, tree growth and pasture yield were assessed under a range of tree spacings at Invermay and Akatore, two coastal sites in Eastern Otago. Pasture yield in association with trees thinned to 100 stems per hectare (sph) was comparable to that from open pasture up to a tree age of 12 years. By the 19th year, however, pasture production declined to 63% of open pasture yield at Invermay and to 42% at Akatore. At 200 and 400 sph at Akatore, pasture yield was similar to that from open pasture at tree age 12 years but declined to 27% and 0% of open pasture yield respectively by year 20. At both Invermay and Akatore, the ryegrass and clover content of open pasture was relatively constant throughout the term of the trial. However, both the ryegrass and clover content of pasture beneath trees began to decline by tree age 12 years with a very rapid decline at Akatore in the number of pasture species at 200 sph by the 19th year. No pasture remained at 400 sph, after 19 years. Livestock carrying capacity with sheep on tree treatments at Invermay decreased from 100% of open pasture at year 6 to 60% by year 10. At Akatore, livestock carrying capacity averaged over the 20-year life of the trial was 4.1 stock units per hectare with a maximum of 8.1 stock units at a tree age of 8 years. Tree growth at both sites was similar, averaging between 1 and 1.1 m/year in height over 20 years, with trees at Invermay at 100 sph averaging 9% greater height and diameter growth than at Akatore. Increasing tree stocking from 100 to 200 to 400 sph at Akatore, resulted in increased tree height, but decreased diameter at breast height. A comparison of the East Otago trees with those in a similar trial at Tikitere (Rotorua) 900 km further north indicated that the southern trees were about 6 years later in their growth pattern by tree age 20 years. On both sites, soil pH tended to be lower in the presence of trees and was significantly lower than in open pasture by year 20. The results and comparisons with the Tikitere data suggest that, in an integrated agroforestry regime, there will be livestock grazing under the trees further into the tree rotation in Otago than in North Island sites. However, slower tree growth would result in a longer rotation time to harvest. Current recommendations to farmers are to plant trees on the less productive areas of the farm and adopt a tree stocking rate which fully utilises the site. Keywords: agroforestry, livestock, pasture, Pinus radiata, soil pH, tree stocking

Grazed pasture parameters. I. Pasture dry-matter production and availability in a stocking rate and grazing management experiment with dairy cows

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Matter Production

1. Net pasture dry matter production and available pasture dry matter were measured over 3 years in a small-scale replica of the study of the effects of dairy cow grazing management and stocking rate reported by McMeekan & Walshe (1963).2. The four treatments were(i) Controlled rotational grazing, light stocking rate (0.95 cows/acre).(ii) Controlled rotational grazing, heavy stocking rate (1.19 cows/acre).(iii) Uncontrolled, set stocked grazing, light stocking rate (0.95 cows/acre).(iv) Uncontrolled, set stocked grazing, heavy stocking rate (1.19 cows/acre).3. The pasture measurement technique employed measured net pasture production (gains through new growth minus losses from all sources). It is argued that this parameter, rather than absolute pasture production, governs the changes in the dry matter feed supply to the grazing animal.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 1. Effects of preparation on digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARY1. A split-plot design was used to study apparent digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen of a whole grain wheat diet and processed (hammermilled, rolled or hammermilled and then steam-pelleted) wheat diets by eight small (33·9 ± 0·1 kg) and eight large (70±1·7 kg) pigs. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention were also studied with the small pigs.2. The processed wheat diets were superior to the whole grain wheat diet in all the parameters measured.3. There were no significant differences between the performance of pigs given the differently processed wheat diets.4. Apparent digestibility of dietary components particularly in the whole wheat diet was significantly higher when diets were given to small pigs than when given to large pigs.

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

scholarly journals PERSISTENCE OF IMIDAZOLINONES IN SOILS UNDER A CLEARFIELD SYSTEM OF RICE CULTIVATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. SOUZA ◽  
M.D. C. NETO ◽  
M.I. MARINHO ◽  
D.T. SARAIVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT The commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic herbicides has been used for the control of red rice and several other species of weeds found in rice crops; this system called Clearfield. However, its use may limit the succession of non-tolerant crops for long residual activity. The research objective with this work was to determine the persistence of imazethapyr, imazapic and their mixture in three soils in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, each corresponding to the evaluated soil (Haplic Plinthosol (FX), red-yellow Latosol (LVA) and Haplic Gleysol (GX)). The treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with the allocated plots herbicides (imazethapyr and imazapic alone and commercial mixture) and the plots allocated the 11 evaluation times (1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 days after treatment (DAT)), and a control without application. Contacted up long residual effect of imazethapyr and commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic, regardless of assessed soil. After 150 days of applying herbicides or the commercial mixture, their residues in the soil also inhibited approximately 94% of the mass of the dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants. When imazapic was applied alone, there was a higher dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants, indicating less residual effect of this herbicide in the soil and this was attributed to the lower dose of this herbicide applied. The attributes of the soil pH, texture and iron oxides were what most affected the persistence of the herbicides. It can be concluded that the persistence of imazethapyr and imazapic is too long in the Brazilian state of Tocantins soils and the use of these herbicides in the region should be avoided due to the high risk of the occurrence of carryover,or be well planned, as land use in rotation for susceptible crops.

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