Impact of pig slurry application on soil and water losses: Comparison with a historical series

ABSTRACT Water erosion in soil is influenced by several factors, including rain, relief, cover, and management and conservation practices. Also, erosion is affected by pig slurry (PS) applied to the soil as a fertilizer. The objectives of this research were i): to evaluate water erosion in a Humic Cambisol cultivated with Zea mays L., Avena strigosa, Glycyne max L., and Raphanus sativus in rotation after PS dispersal under different tillage treatments, namely: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), rotation tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) , and ii): to compare erosion before and after PS application in a single dose of 50 m3 ha-1 in each crop, soon after the germination of the crops. NT had lower soil and water loss, which were reduced by 81 and 13%, respectively, in relation to CT. Differences in soil and water losses were lower between MT and RT, than between other treatments. The contents of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the superficial layers of the soil were higher under NT than under CT. The contents of P and K in the sediments were higher in the NT than in the CT treatment. Also, the contents of P and K were significantly higher in sediments than in water, especially under NT. The application of a single PS dose on the soil surface increased soil P and K contents and decreased water erosion compared to the 19-year historical series that preceded this research in different soil management systems without PS application.

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Losses of soil, water, organic carbon and nutrients caused by water erosion in different crops and natural savannah in the northern Amazon

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fernando Gomes de Souza ◽

Valdinar Ferreira Melo ◽

Wellington Farias Araújo ◽

Thiago Henrique de Castro Araújo

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Water ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Water Losses ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

The Impact

Currently in Brazil, the main form of erosion is caused by the impact of raindrops on the soil surface, triggering the process of water erosion and causing serious damage to agricultural areas. This study evaluated losses of soil, water, organic carbon and nutrients in different cultures, bare soil and savanna under natural rain. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (bare soil - BS, cowpea bean - CB, Brachiaria brizantha - BB, corn - CO and natural savanna – SN) with three replications; The treatment of bare soil (BS), followed by the treatment cultivated with cowpea bean (CB) showed higher losses of soil, water, organic carbon and nutrients; The highest losses of soil, water, organic carbon and nutrients in the treatment of bare soil (BS) occurred during the period of greatest erosivity; but for treatments CB, BB and CO, the highest losses occurred during the establishment of the crop, in view of the lower soil cover. Soils cultivated with Brachiaria brizantha - BB, corn - CO and in the Natural Savana - SN area were more efficient in reducing soil and water losses during all months evaluated. Plant cover produced by the (SN) treatment and by the (BB) and (CO) treatments acted to reduce the harmful effects of erosion, minimizing losses of nutrients and organic carbon. The soil should be well protected during periods when rainfall presents the highest values of erosivity index.

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Rusle parameters for modeling the loss of a soil subjected to pig slurry application

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1167-1176

Author(s):

Maria Aparecida do Nascimento dos Santos ◽

Ildegardis Bertol ◽

Danieli Schneiders Kaufmann ◽

José Mecabô Júnior ◽

Bárbara Bagio

Keyword(s):

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Soil Consolidation ◽

Erosion Modeling ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Simulated Rain

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine adjustment parameters for the revised universal soil loss equation (Rusle) of a soil subjected to pig slurry application. Treatments consisted of 0, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 pig slurry (PS), after the cultivation of black oat (Avena strigosa), besides the application of 50 m3 ha-1 PS for six times onto the soil surface in a temporal sequence, and a control treatment of soil without cultivation and without pig slurry application. The evaluations were performed for black oat shoot dry mass, root mass and crop residues semi-incorporated into the soil (RMR), soil losses by means of simulated rain, and the parameters for water erosion modeling. The pig slurry application onto soil surface caused a reduction in the values of the soil consolidation parameter (Cf), an increase in the mass of living and dead roots and cultural residues incorporated in the upper layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the soil (Bu), and a reduction in the subfactor prior land use (PLU) of the Rusle.

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Losses of water, soil, and nutrients during high-intensity simulated rainfall in two soil management systems different sources of fertilization

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Minossi de Lemos ◽

Elemar Antonino Cassol ◽

Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto de Barros

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

High Intensity ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Pig Slurry ◽

Simulated Rainfall ◽

Water Losses ◽

High Runoff ◽

Soil Losses

ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to quantify the water, soil, and soluble nutrient losses during high-intensity rainfall simulated in two soil preparation systems with four sources of fertilization. Forty-five days after the corn seeding, a 120 mm h-1 intensity rainfall was simulated during 90 min in field plots with conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT). Each system had four repetitions with the fertilizer treatments, including without fertilization, mineral, urban waste compost (UWC), and pig slurry. P, K, Ca, and K concentrations were measured in soluble form, in addition to electrical conductivity, pH, water, and soil losses. As expected, the greatest soil losses occurred with CT; however, the greatest water losses occurred with NT. Among the fertilizers, UWC was more efficient because it had the highest infiltration rates. The concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg did not exhibit any interaction between fertilization and soil tillage treatments. K was the nutrient that presented the greatest losses (kg ha-1) at the end of the simulated rainfall because of the highest concentrations (mg L-1) added to high runoff coefficients of 45% for CT and 77% for NT. Thus, the evaluated system with cover crops and minimum soil tillage was not sufficient to control nutrient transfer in the soluble form during intense rainfall events.

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Water erosion associated with rainfall patterns in the extreme South of Bahia in eucalyptus post-planting

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4suplp2463 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2463

Author(s):

Danielle Vieira Guimaraes ◽

Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽

Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo ◽

Sérgio Gualberto Martins ◽

Jose De Oliveira Melo Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Cover ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Rainfall Pattern ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Native Forest ◽

Water Losses ◽

Rainfall Patterns ◽

Soil And Water

Soil and water losses caused by water erosion represent a risk of environmental damage and loss of soil productivity, with economic, social and environmental consequences. Plant cover is an important ally against water erosion, together with the knowledge of rainfall characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the soil and water losses and to determine rainfall patterns in two homogeneous eucalyptus plantations; one in Yellow Argisol, located in Teixeira de Freitas, and another in Humiluvic Spodosol, located in Caravelas, both in the Extreme South of the state of Bahia. Erosion plots were installed, and consisted of three treatments: bare soil, eucalyptus, and native forest. Rainfall data was obtained from an automatic gauging station, with 10 minute registration interval for erosivity (erosivity index EI30) and rainfall pattern analyses. Higher soil losses were observed in Yellow Argisol, and the advanced rainfall pattern was predominant. Eucalyptus minimum tillage was efficient in reducing soil and water losses by water erosion.

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Coffee husk mulch on soil erosion and runoff: experiences under rainfall simulation experiment

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-5-851-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 851-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

H. Moreno-Ramón ◽

S. J. Quizembe ◽

S. Ibáñez-Asensio

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Water Losses ◽

Coffee Husk ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Simulated Rain ◽

Soil And Water

Abstract. The high erosion rates found in the agriculture land make valuable the use of mulches to control the soil and water losses. Coffee husk (Coffea canephora var. robusta) can be one of those mulches. This paper evaluates how to apply the mulch in order to obtain the best effectiveness. An experimental factorial design 4 × 3 × 2 with two replicates was designed in a greenhouse with a total number of 48 cases. All the samples were deposited in trays of 0.51 m2 and applied a simulated rain of 122 mm h−1 during 21 min. The factors examined were the following: four soil classes; three treatments – buried (B), surface (S) and non-residue (C) – and the presence (WC) or absence (WOC) of the soil surface crusting. The coffee husk residue (S and B treatments) reduced runoff by 10.2 and 46% respectively, soil losses by 78.3 and 88.7% and sediment concentration by 77 and 84.4%. The infiltration rate increased on average by 104 and 167%, and time to runoff by 1.58 and 2.07 min respectively. Coffee husk is an efficient mulch to reduce the soil and water losses, although it could not completely cushion the influence of crust.

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Water erosion associated with rainfall patterns in the extreme South of Bahia in eucalyptus post-planting

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2463 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2463

Author(s):

Danielle Vieira Guimaraes ◽

Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽

Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo ◽

Sérgio Gualberto Martins ◽

Jose De Oliveira Melo Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Cover ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Rainfall Pattern ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Native Forest ◽

Water Losses ◽

Rainfall Patterns ◽

Soil And Water

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Soil and water losses in eucalyptus plantation and natural forest and determination of the USLE factors at a pilot sub-basin in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542016404013216 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 432-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bárbara Pereira Christofaro Silva ◽

Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽

Pedro Velloso Gomes Batista ◽

Lucas Machado Pontes ◽

Elias Frank Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Loss ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Native Forest ◽

Water Losses ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Natural Rainfall ◽

Factor C ◽

Soil Losses ◽

Soil And Water

ABSTRACT Monitoring water erosion and the factors that control soil and water loss are essential for soil conservation planning. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil and water losses by water erosion under natural rainfall in eucalyptus plantations established in 2001 (EF2), and 2004 (EF1), native forest (NF) and bare soil (BS), during the period of 2007 to 2012; and to determine the USLE factors: rain erosivity (R), erodibility (K) of a Red Argisol and the cover-management factor (C) for EF1, EF2 and NF at a pilot sub-basin, in Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. The R factor was estimated by the EI30 index, using rainfall data from a gauging station located at the sub-basin. The soil and water losses were monitored in erosion plots, providing consistent data for the estimation of the K and C factors. The sub-basin presented an average erosivity of 4,228.52 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1. The average annual soil losses em EF1 and EF2 (0.81 e 0.12 Mg ha-1 year-1, respectively) were below of the limit of tolerance, 12.9 Mg ha-1 year-1. The percentage values of water loss relating to the total rainfall decreased annually, approaching the values observed at the NF. From the 5th year on after the implantation of the eucalyptus systems, soil losses values were similar to the ones from NF. The erodibility of the Red Argisol was of 0.0026 Mg ha h ha-1 MJ-1mm-1 and the C factor presented values of 0.121, 0.016 and 0.015 for EF1, EF2 and NF, respectively.

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Soybean macronutrient availability and yield as affected by tillage system

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42973 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42973

Author(s):

Silvino Guimarães Moreira ◽

Jorge de Castro Kiehl ◽

Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽

Volnei Pauletti ◽

Ladislau Martin-Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Ph Value ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Small Degree ◽

Soil P ◽

P Content ◽

Tillage System ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

Soybean Leaves

The effect of tillage system (NT-no tillage; CT-conventional tillage; MT-minimum tillage; and NT/scarification, every three years) on soybean nutrient availability and yield was evaluated on Oxisol after 12 years of cultivation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m and were analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg, carbon (C), organic matter (OM), pH value, potential CEC, base saturation (BS%), and number of semiquinone organic radicals. The macronutrient concentration in the leaves and amount accumulated in the plants at the blooming stage were determined, as well as the yield of the two soybean crops. The soil pH value, BS% and K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were not influenced by the tillage system. The soil P and OM in the surface layer, however, were inversely proportional to the intensity of soil preparation. The P content in the soil surface layer under NT was twice as high as that of soil under CT. The P content in the soybean leaves under NT was also higher compared to that in the plants under CT and MT. The number of semiquinone radicals was low in the soil surface layer under NT, indicating a small degree of humification. However, soybean yield was not affected by the tillage system.

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Temporal changes in soil water erosion on sloping vineyards in the Ruwer- Mosel Valley. The impact of age and plantation works in young and old vines

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.1515/johh-2017-0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 402-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽

Christine Brings ◽

Thomas Iserloh ◽

Markus C. Casper ◽

Manuel Seeger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Management Systems ◽

Water Losses ◽

The Impact ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Soil And Water

AbstractIt is well known that rainfall causes soil erosion in sloping German vineyards, but little is known about the effect of age of plantation on soil erosion, which is relevant to understand and design sustainable management systems. In the Ruwer-Mosel valley, young (1- to 4-years) and old (35- to 38-years after the plantation) vineyards were selected to assess soil and water losses by using two-paired Gerlach troughs over three years (2013-2015). In the young vineyard, the overland flow was 107 L m-1and soil loss 1000 g m-1in the year of the plantation, and decreased drastically over the two subsequent years (19 L m-1; 428 g m-1). In the old vineyard, soil (from 1081 g m-1to 1308 g m-1) and water (from 67 L m-1to 102 L m-1) losses were 1.2 and 1.63 times higher, respectively, than in the young vineyard.

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Soil water erosion under different cultivation systems and different fertilization rates and forms over 10 years

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000600026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1918-1928 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ildegardis Bertol ◽

Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽

Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽

Murilo Córdova Flores

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Water Erosion ◽

No Tillage ◽

Common Vetch ◽

Water Losses ◽

Natural Rainfall ◽

Soil Losses

The action of rain and surface runoff together are the active agents of water erosion, and further influences are the soil type, terrain, soil cover, soil management, and conservation practices. Soil water erosion is low in the no-tillage management system, being influenced by the amount and form of lime and fertilizer application to the soil, among other factors. The aim was to evaluate the effect of the form of liming, the quantity and management of fertilizer application on the soil and water losses by erosion under natural rainfall. The study was carried out between 2003 and 2013 on a Humic Dystrupept soil, with the following treatments: T1 - cultivation with liming and corrective fertilizer incorporated into the soil in the first year, and with 100 % annual maintenance fertilization of P and K; T2 - surface liming and corrective fertilization distributed over five years, and with 75 % annual maintenance fertilization of P and K; T3 - surface liming and corrective fertilization distributed over three years, and with 50 % annual maintenance fertilization of P and K; T4 - surface liming and corrective fertilization distributed over two years, and with 25 % annual maintenance fertilization of P and K; T5 - fallow soil, without liming or fertilization. In the rotation the crops black oat (Avena strigosa ), soybean (Glycine max ), common vetch (Vicia sativa ), maize (Zea mays ), fodder radish (Raphanus sativus ), and black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ). The split application of lime and mineral fertilizer to the soil surface in a no-tillage system over three and five years, results in better control of soil losses than when split in two years. The increase in the amount of fertilizer applied to the soil surface under no-tillage cultivation increases phytomass production and reduces soil loss by water erosion. Water losses in treatments under no-tillage cultivation were low in all crop cycles, with a similar behavior as soil losses.

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