scholarly journals Rusle parameters for modeling the loss of a soil subjected to pig slurry application

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1167-1176
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida do Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Danieli Schneiders Kaufmann ◽  
José Mecabô Júnior ◽  
Bárbara Bagio
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Erosion Modeling ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Simulated Rain

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine adjustment parameters for the revised universal soil loss equation (Rusle) of a soil subjected to pig slurry application. Treatments consisted of 0, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 pig slurry (PS), after the cultivation of black oat (Avena strigosa), besides the application of 50 m3 ha-1 PS for six times onto the soil surface in a temporal sequence, and a control treatment of soil without cultivation and without pig slurry application. The evaluations were performed for black oat shoot dry mass, root mass and crop residues semi-incorporated into the soil (RMR), soil losses by means of simulated rain, and the parameters for water erosion modeling. The pig slurry application onto soil surface caused a reduction in the values of the soil consolidation parameter (Cf), an increase in the mass of living and dead roots and cultural residues incorporated in the upper layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the soil (Bu), and a reduction in the subfactor prior land use (PLU) of the Rusle.

scholarly journals Crop residues on short-term CO2 emissions in sugarcane production areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. Corradi ◽  
Alan R. Panosso ◽  
Marcílio V. Martins Filho ◽  
Newton La Scala Junior
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Production Areas

The proper management of agricultural crop residues could produce benefits in a warmer, more drought-prone world. Field experiments were conducted in sugarcane production areas in the Southern Brazil to assess the influence of crop residues on the soil surface in short-term CO2 emissions. The study was carried out over a period of 50 days after establishing 6 plots with and without crop residues applied to the soil surface. The effects of sugarcane residues on CO2 emissions were immediate; the emissions from residue-covered plots with equivalent densities of 3 (D50) and 6 (D100) t ha-1 (dry mass) were less than those from non-covered plots (D0). Additionally, the covered fields had lower soil temperatures and higher soil moisture for most of the studied days, especially during the periods of drought. Total emissions were as high as 553.62 ± 47.20 g CO2 m-2, and as low as 384.69 ± 31.69 g CO2 m-2 in non-covered (D0) and covered plot with an equivalent density of 3 t ha-1 (D50), respectively. Our results indicate a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, indicating conservation of soil carbon over the short-term period following the application of sugarcane residues to the soil surface.

scholarly journals Impact of pig slurry application on soil and water losses: Comparison with a historical series

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Bandeira ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Eva V. Vázquez ◽  
Júlio C. Ramos ◽  
Camilo Bertol
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water

ABSTRACT Water erosion in soil is influenced by several factors, including rain, relief, cover, and management and conservation practices. Also, erosion is affected by pig slurry (PS) applied to the soil as a fertilizer. The objectives of this research were i): to evaluate water erosion in a Humic Cambisol cultivated with Zea mays L., Avena strigosa, Glycyne max L., and Raphanus sativus in rotation after PS dispersal under different tillage treatments, namely: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), rotation tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) , and ii): to compare erosion before and after PS application in a single dose of 50 m3 ha-1 in each crop, soon after the germination of the crops. NT had lower soil and water loss, which were reduced by 81 and 13%, respectively, in relation to CT. Differences in soil and water losses were lower between MT and RT, than between other treatments. The contents of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the superficial layers of the soil were higher under NT than under CT. The contents of P and K in the sediments were higher in the NT than in the CT treatment. Also, the contents of P and K were significantly higher in sediments than in water, especially under NT. The application of a single PS dose on the soil surface increased soil P and K contents and decreased water erosion compared to the 19-year historical series that preceded this research in different soil management systems without PS application.

Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Denis A Angers ◽  
Normand Bertrand ◽  
Denis Côté
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N

Land application of liquid manures is a major source of atmospheric ammonia. The presence of crop residues on the soil surface usually increases emissions by retarding slurry infiltration, whereas incorporation of slurry into soil reduces emissions. Our objective was to quantify the relative reduction in NH3 volatilization resulting from the soil incorporation of pig slurry (PS) applied on canola (Brassica napus) residues under fall conditions in Quebec, Canada. Pig slurry was applied at 7.4 L m–2 on six plots covered by canola crop residues. Slurry and residues were incorporated in the top 5 cm of soil (INCORP) in half of the plots, while the other half were left untouched (SURF). Ammonia volatilization was measured following application for 10 d using wind tunnels. Soil NH4+ and NO3− contents, pH, moisture and temperature were also monitored to explain variations in NH3 fluxes. Soil NH4+-N in the surface soil was lower than expected shortly after slurry application, maybe as a result of fixation by clays or interception by crop residues. The volatilization of NH3 was higher (P < 0.05) on SURF plots than on INCORP plots in 20 of the 26 measuring periods, with total NH3 losses being five times greater in the former. Cumulated emissions during the first 11 h accounted for the 60 and 53% of total NH3 emissions for the SURF and INCORP plots, respectively. Our results confirm that a large fraction of the NH3 volatilization from slurry application on canola residues can be greatly reduced if the slurry and crop residues are incorporated into the soil immediately after slurry application. Despite significant reduction (80%) of NH3 volatilization in INCORP compared with SURF plots, no difference was found in soil mineral N between treatments, suggesting that other processes such as N mineralization or denitrification were more active in INCORP plots. Key Words: Ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen cycle, organic amendments

scholarly journals Effets du travail du sol et de la gestion des résidus sur les propriétés du sol et sur l’érosion hydrique d'un Vertisol Méditerranéen

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Moussadek ◽  
Rachid Mrabet ◽  
Patrick Zante ◽  
Jean Marie Lamachère ◽  
Yannick Pépin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

Moussadek, R., Mrabet, R., Zante, P., Lamachère, J. M., Pépin, Y., Le Bissonnais, Y., Ye, L., Verdoodt, A. and Van Ranst, E. 2011. Impact of tillage and residue management on the soil properties and water erosion of a Mediterranean Vertisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 627–635. Soil erosion research on Mediterranean Vertisols under no tillage systems (NT) is still scarce. A rainfall simulator was used on Vertisols to compare water runoff and soil loss in a conventional tillage system (CT), NT system with crop residues removed (NT0), and NT with 50% of crop residues returned to the soil surface (NT50). Runoff and soil loss rates were more than 50% lower under NT50 compared with NT0 and CT. Wet aggregate stability (MWD), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil bulk density (Da) were significantly higher under NT than under CT. A multiple regression analysis showed that when the soil was dry, Da explained 84 and 96% of the variation in water runoff and soil loss, respectively. Under wet soil conditions, MWD explained 47 and 69% of variation in water runoff and soil loss, respectively. Consequently, although NT systems improved soil quality (MWD, SOM) compared with the CT system, returning 50% of crop residues at the soil surface was mandatory under NT to protect these Vertisols against water erosion.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tomato-Based Packing Material for Retention of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide and Methane in Gas Phase Biofilters: A Laboratory Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
José L. S. Pereira ◽  
Adelaide Perdigão ◽  
Francisco Marques ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Mariana Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Tomato Waste

Biofilters are an effective air pollution control technology to break down gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. This laboratory study aimed to evaluate a biofilter media, mainly composed by tomato waste, as packing material to reduce NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 losses from stored pig slurry. Three mixtures of packing materials, with and without oxalic acid, were arranged in treatments, namely: mixture of tomato waste, pine bark and agricultural compost; mixture of tomato waste and rice husk; tomato waste only. A control treatment (no biofilter) was also included. The experiments were conducted using a system of laboratory scale biofilters connected to jars filled with pig slurry and under a constant airflow rate. The gas concentrations were measured for 14 days and the physicochemical of the packing materials were assessed. Results showed that biofilter media mixtures had a potential for NH3 retention ranging from 51 to 77% and the addition of oxalic acid to these biofilters increased NH3 retention to 72–79%. Additionally, the biofilter media mixtures with and without oxalic acid showed a potential retention for CH4 (29–69%) but not for N2O, yet with no impact on the global warming potential. It can be concluded that tomato based biofilters had the potential to reduce gaseous emissions from slurry.

scholarly journals Micro-Water Harvesting and Soil Amendment Increase Grain Yields of Barley on a Heavy-Textured Alkaline Sodic Soil in a Rainfed Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Edward G. Barrett-Lennard ◽  
Rushna Munir ◽  
Dana Mulvany ◽  
Laine Williamson ◽  
Glen Riethmuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Salt Leaching

This paper focuses on the adverse effects of soil sodicity and alkalinity on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a rainfed environment in south-western Australia. These conditions cause the accumulation of salt (called ‘transient salinity’) in the root zone, which decreases the solute potential of the soil solution, particularly at the end of the growing season as the soil dries. We hypothesized that two approaches could help overcome this stress: (a) improved micro-water harvesting at the soil surface, which would help maintain soil hydration, decreasing the salinity of the soil solution, and (b) soil amelioration using small amounts of gypsum, elemental sulfur or gypsum plus elemental sulfur, which would ensure greater salt leaching. In our experiments, improved micro-water harvesting was achieved using a tillage technique consisting of exaggerated mounds between furrows and the covering of these mounds with plastic sheeting. The combination of the mounds and the application of a low rate of gypsum in the furrow (50 kg ha−1) increased yields of barley grain by 70% in 2019 and by 57% in 2020, relative to a control treatment with conventional tillage, no plastic sheeting and no amendment. These increases in yield were related to changes in ion concentrations in the soil and to changes in apparent electrical conductivity measured with the EM38.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT RESIDUE ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF AN OXISOL UNDER SIMULATED RAIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elói Panachuki ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Teodorico Alves Sobrinho ◽  
Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira ◽  
Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Simulated Rain

Surface roughness of the soil is formed by mechanical tillage and is also influenced by the kind and amount of plant residue, among other factors. Its persistence over time mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of rain and soil type. However, few studies have been developed to evaluate these factors in Latossolos (Oxisols). In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil tillage and of amounts of plant residue on surface roughness of an Oxisol under simulated rain. Treatments consisted of the combination of the tillage systems of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) with rates of plant residue of 0, 1, and 2 Mg ha-1 of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) and 0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1 of maize (Zea mays L.). Seven simulated rains were applied on each experimental plot, with intensity of 60±2 mm h-1 and duration of 1 h at weekly intervals. The values of the random roughness index ranged from 2.94 to 17.71 mm in oats, and from 5.91 to 20.37 mm in maize, showing that CT and MT are effective in increasing soil surface roughness. It was seen that soil tillage operations carried out with the chisel plow and the leveling disk harrow are more effective in increasing soil roughness than those carried out with the heavy disk harrow and leveling disk harrow. The roughness index of the soil surface decreases exponentially with the increase in the rainfall volume applied under conditions of no tillage without soil cover, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage. The oat and maize crop residue present on the soil surface is effective in maintaining the roughness of the soil surface under no-tillage.

scholarly journals Sulfentrazone efficiency on Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit as influenced by rain and sugarcane straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M Correia ◽  
E.H Camilo ◽  
E.A Santos
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Rain Simulation

The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of sulfentrazone applied in pre-emergence in controlling Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit as a function of the time interval between herbicide application and the occurrence of rain, and the presence of sugarcane straw on the soil surface. Two greenhouse experiments and one field experiment were conducted. For the greenhouse experiments, the study included three doses of sulfentrazone applied by spraying 0, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ha-1, two amounts of straw on the soil (0 and 10 t ha-1), and five time intervals between the application of herbicide and rain simulation (0, 20, 40, 60, and 90 days). In the field experiment, five herbicide treatments (sulfentrazone at 0.6 and 0.9 kg ha-1, sulfentrazone + hexazinone at 0.6 + 0.25 kg ha-1, amicarbazone at 1.4 kg ha-1, and imazapic at 0.147 kg ha-1) and two controls with no herbicide were studied. Management conditions with or without sugarcane straw on the soil were also assessed. From the greenhouse experiments, sulfentrazone application at 0.6 kg ha-1 was found to provide for the efficient control of I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit in a dry environment, with up to 90 days between herbicide application and rain simulation. After herbicide application, 20 mm of simulated rain was enough to leach sulfentrazone from the straw to the soil, as the biological effects observed in I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit remained unaffected. Under field conditions, either with or without sugarcane straw left on the soil, sulfentrazone alone (0.6 or 0.9 kg ha-1) or sulfentrazone combined with hexazinone (0.6 + 0.25 kg ha-1) was effective in the control of I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit, exhibiting similar or better control than amicarbazone (1.4 kg ha-1) and imazapic (0.147 kg ha-1).

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF ‘NANICÃO JANGADA’ BANANA PLANTS INTERCROPPED WITH WINTER COVER CROPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO SFEIR DE AGUIAR ◽  
PAULO VICENTE CONTADOR ZACCHEO ◽  
CARMEN SILVIA VIEIRA JANEIRO NEVES ◽  
MARCELO SFEIR DE AGUIAR ◽  
FERNANDO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

ABSTRACT The use of cover crops species may be an important strategy in the pursuit of sustainability of agroecosystems, considering benefits to soil, such as improvements of physical and chemical characteristics, and weed control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops and other soil managements on chemical soil properties, on the cycle, on the production of the first cycle and on the fruit quality of banana cv. Nanicão Jangada in Andirá – PR, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a commercial. Planting of banana suckers from the grower area occurred in the first half of March 2011, with a spacing of 2.40 m between rows and 1.90 m between plants. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four replications and six plants per plot. The six treatments were: black oat (Avenastrigosa Schreb), forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus), consortium of black oat and forage turnip, chicken litter, residues of banana plants, and bare ground. The evaluations were vegetative development and life cycle of banana plants, yield and quality of fruits, soil chemical characterstics, and fresh and dry mass of green manures. The results were submitted to ANOVA (F Test), and Tukey test at 5 % probability. Black oat and black oat with forage turnip consortium were superior in biomass production. Systems of soil management had no effect on the variables, except in the periods between planting and flowering and between planting and harvest, which were shorter in the treatment of soil management with crop residues, longer in the treatment with forage turnip, and intermediate in the other treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document