Spray solution deposition and Asian rust control in soybean cultivars

ABSTRACT The control of Asian soybean rust depends on fungicide efficacy and the application technology; however, the leaf architecture of soybean cultivars may also interfere in disease control. This study aimed to evaluate Asian rust control and fungicide deposition using spray nozzles in three soybean cultivars. A randomized block design was used, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme; the plots were three soybean cultivars (SYN 1561 IPRO, M6410 IPRO, and M6210 IPRO) and the subplots three spray nozzles (11002 BD, AIXR 110015 and TTJ60 11002), in addition to a control with no fungicide application, and four replicates. The volume median diameter, droplet coverage, leaf area index, area under the disease progress curve, 1,000-grain weight and crop yield were evaluated. The 11002BD and AIXR11005 nozzles provided better spray deposition in cultivars with lower leaf area indexes at the R1 phenological stage. Nozzles 11002BD, AIXR110015 and TTJ60 ensured better management of Asian rust than that of the control treatment, regardless of leaf area index. Cultivar SYN1561 obtained the largest grain yield and highest leaf area index in the season with the highest rainfall, regardless of the spray nozzle used.

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Temporal Dynamics of Soybean Rust Associated With Leaf Area Index in Soybean Cultivars of different Maturity Groups

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-14-1029-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (9) ◽

pp. 1216-1226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. N. Moreira ◽

F. X. R. Vale ◽

P. A. Paul ◽

F. A. Rodrigues ◽

W. C. Jesus Júnior

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Planting Date ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Relative Area ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Area Index ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Maturity Groups

Experiments were conducted in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2009 to 2011 to evaluate the effects of planting date (October, November, December, and January) on soybean rust (SBR) and leaf area index (LAI) in SBR-susceptible soybean cultivars of different maturity groups (early-maturing, midseason, and late-maturing). Mean relative area under the LAI progress curve (RAULAIPC) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the late-maturing than early-maturing and midseason cultivars. The October planting date had significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean RAULAIPC than the December and January planting dates. Mean relative area under the SBR progress curve was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the late-maturing than the midseason and early-maturing cultivars, and significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the December and January than the October and November planting dates. Based on the logistic population growth model, SBR severity increased over time at a significantly higher mean rate for the early-maturing than the midseason and late-maturing cultivars. It took longer for SBR to reach a certain severity level for the late-maturing cultivar planted in January than the early-maturing cultivar planted in October. This implies that fungicides would need to be applied early to the early-maturing cultivar planted in October to minimize yield loss.

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Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v14i2.32688 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 147-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MM Kamrozzaman ◽

MAH Khan ◽

S Ahmed ◽

N Sultana

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

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Influence of Spiral Nematodes (Scutellonema spp.) on Maize Performance and Growth under Natural Field Infestation in Mwea, Kenya

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2020/9587569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Samuel Maina ◽

Rossa Nyoike Ng’endo

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Area Index ◽

Number Of Leaves

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant food security crop in Kenya and it serves as the main source of nutrition and calories among the small-holder farmers. The overall maize yields per hectare have been fluctuating in the past few years posing a great risk to food security. Among the stress factors associated with maize yield loss include plant-feeding nematodes. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes specifically Scutellonema spp. under field conditions on maize performance in Mwea, Kenya. The field trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment comprising of four replicates. The treatments included maize plots without nematicide (MPWN) and control plots treated with nematicide. The experiments were conducted in two trials. Soil samples were taken at a 0–20 cm depth at monthly intervals during 2018–2019. During the two trials, MPWN recorded significantly lower plant height and number of leaves per plant. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between Scutellonema abundance with leaf area index, plant height, and number of functional leaves in MPWN during the 2019 trial. This implies that high population of Scutellonema perhaps has the potential to affect leaf area index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, which are aspects that in turn influence maize productivity. Therefore, holistic sustainable management practices to control Scutellonema spp. in maize fields such as use of organic amendments, resistant maize cultivars, and antagonistic organisms are crucial in order to alleviate negative impacts linked to Scutellonema infestation.

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Improvement of Snap Beans Yield through the Application of N, P, K and Granule Organic Fertilizers on Inceptisols Soil

Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jhi.11.3.174-182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Kusumiyati ◽

Wawan Sutari ◽

Arif Affan Wicaksono ◽

Ade Risti Oktavia

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Area Index ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Pod Length

Balanced organic and inorganic fertilization is expected to improve low nutrient on Inceptisols to increased snap bean production. The effect of the combination of N, P, K, and granule organic fertilizer on bean harvests was the purpose of this study. The parameters were leaf area index (LDA), shoot-root ratio, the weight of pods, pod length, pod diameter, percentage of the number of pods, marketable and unmarketable,and percentage of pods by quality class. The experiment was conducted in February to April 2016 at Ciparanje Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran Univeristy, Jatinangor. The study was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The experimental results showed that N, P, K fertilizer and granule organic fertilizer (GOF) in the order of Inceptisols significantly affected the weight of pods. Application 50% of the dosage N, P, K fertilizer combined with 50% dosage of granule organic fertilizer resulted in a higher pod weight per plot, which reached 2 439.84 g. Keywords: an organic fertilizer, granule organic fertilizer, leaf area index, quality grade, shoot-root ratio,

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Pasture damage and regrowth from cattle treading

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2366 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 155-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T.N. Pande ◽

I. Valentine ◽

K. Betteridge ◽

A. Mackay ◽

D. Horne

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Area Index ◽

Hill Country ◽

Grazed Pasture ◽

Tiller Density

Two experiments were conducted to describe the damage and regrowth of pasture after a single, severe cattle treading event during winter. One experiment was conducted on hill country at AgResearch's Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station, and the other on the No. 4 Dairy Unit at Massey University. Herbage growth rate, canopy cover, tiller density and leaf area index were studied and compared in grazed, cattle-trodden and untrodden (control) pastures. At Ballantrae, the control treatment was sheep-grazed pasture, and at Massey University, it was cattle-grazed, but untrodden pasture under the electric fence. A single cattle treading event on winter-wet soils reduced hill pasture growth rates in spring to 11 kg DM/ha/day compared to 18 kg DM/ha/day in undamaged pasture on slopes, and to 21 kg DM/ ha/day compared to 39 kg DM/ha/day on tracks. Spring dairy pasture growth rate to 7 weeks after treading was 33 kg DM/ha/day compared to 51 kg DM/ha/day in undamaged pasture. Damage reduced canopy cover to 60% on hill pasture tracks and to 43% in dairy pasture, compared to covers of 95% and 90% in undamaged pastures, respectively. It was concluded that the low spring herbage growth rate following a single, severe winter treading of pasture on wet soil was due mainly to significantly reduced tiller numbers, and a decrease in leaf area index and canopy cover. Treading had no significant effect on the size of individual tillers. Keywords: cattle treading, hill country, pasture, pugging

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PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG PROLIFIK PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM BARIS DENGAN SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO

AGROTEK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.33096/agrotek.v4i1.97 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

Intan Dwi Lestari

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Plant Weight ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves

This research aimed to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of corn. It was conducted from July to November 2019 at the Experimental Plantation of Cereal Crops Research Institute (BalitSereal), Maros, South Sulawesi. The experimental method used was a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments: J1= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 20 cm, one seed per hole; J2= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 30 cm, alternating between one seed per hole and two seeds per hole; J3= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 40 cm, two seeds per hole; J4= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 15 cm, one seed per hole. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index, Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI), length of cob 1 and cob 2, diameter of cob 1 and cob 2, weight of shelled seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds on cob 1 and cob 2, and production of shelled seeds/hectare. The experimental results showed that plant spacing affected the growth and production of maize. The J3 spacing (100 cm x 50 cm) x 40 cm with two seeds per hole significantly affected the leaf area index and gave the highest average stem diameter. The J2 spacing with (100 cm x 50 cm) x 30 cm with alternating between one seed per hole and two seeds per hole produced the highest production in terms of weight of shelled seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds and yield of shelled seeds/hectare.

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Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Level on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mid hill of Nepal

Malaysian Journal of Halal Research Journal ◽

10.2478/mjhr-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

Ramhari Gaire ◽

Chudamani Pant ◽

Nischal Sapkota ◽

Rajan Dhamaniya ◽

Tej Narayan Bhusal

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Area Index ◽

Close Spacing

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to study the effect of spacing and nitrogen level on growth and yield of maize in Parbat from February to July, 2019. The experiment was laid out in two Factorial Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of spacing: 60×15 cm and 60×25 cm and nitrogen: 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha level as treatment with three replications. “Arun-2” variety of maize was planted on clay loam and acidic soil (pH 5.3) having medium in total nitrogen (0.15%), medium in soil available phosphorus (48.1 kg/ha), medium in soil available potassium (218.8 kg/ha) and medium in organic matter content (2.92%). Result shows that yield was significantly increased with increment in N-level up to 90 kg N/ha. The grain yield (5.18 mt/ha) was significantly higher at 90 kg N/ha than at 30 and 60 kg N/ha but at par with 120 kg N/ha. Significant effect on grain yield due to spacing was observed. The grain yield (4.11 mt/ha) obtained at spacing 60×15 cm. Moreover, the highest grain yield showed that highest grain yield (4.33 mt/ha) was obtained under 90 kg N/ha plus 60×15 cm spacing. The result revealed that different spacing and nitrogen level significantly affect the plant height and leaf area index. The plant height and leaf area index were significantly high at close spacing (60×15 cm) and at 120 kg N/ha. Likewise, yield attributing characteristics like cob length, cob diameter, number of kernel/rows, number of kernel row, thousand gran weight were the highest at 90 kg/ha but as par with 120 kg/ha at close spacing (60×15 cm). This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating “Arun-2” maize fertilizing with 90 kg N/ha and maintaining 60×15 cm spacing.

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Comparison of an Antitranspirant Spray, a Polyacrylamide Gel, and Wind Protection on Early Growth of Muskmelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.2.361 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 361-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laurie Hodges ◽

Entin Daningsih ◽

James R. Brandle

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Early Growth ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Area Index

Field experiments were conducted over 4 years to evaluate the effects of antitranspirant (Folicote, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) and polyacrylamide gel (SuperSorb, Aquatrol Inc., Paulsboro, N.J.) on early growth of transplanted muskmelon grown either protected by tree windbreaks or exposed to seasonal winds. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement was used with wind protection (sheltered and exposed) areas as the main treatment and use of an antitranspirant spray or gel dip as subtreatments. Based on destructive harvests in the field, treatments and subtreatments did not affect dry weight or leaf area index in the first 2 years. Specific contrasts, however, showed that gel application significantly increased fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area index over that of the untreated transplants whereas the spray application tended to reduce these factors during the first 3 weeks after transplanting. Significant differences between gel and spray subtreatments disappeared by 5 weeks after transplanting. Shelterbelts ameliorated crop microclimate thereby enhancing plant growth. Significantly, wind velocity at canopy height was reduced 40% on average and soil temperatures were about 4% warmer in the sheltered plots compared to the exposed plots during the first 5 weeks post-transplant. Muskmelon plants in the sheltered areas grew significantly faster than the plants in the exposed areas in 2 of the 3 years reported, with the 3-year average fresh weight increased by 168% due to wind protection. Overall transplanting success and early growth were enhanced the most by wind protection, followed by the polyacrylamide gel root dip, and least by the antitranspirant foliar spray. We conclude that microclimate modification by wind speed reduction can increase early muskmelon plant growth more consistently than the use of polyacrylamide gel as a root dip at transplanting or the use of an antitranspirant spray. A polyacrylamide gel root dip generally will provide more benefit during early muskmelon growth than the use of an antitranspirant spray.

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Leaf area index of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop under three nitrogen fertilization treatments

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n2.62110 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Manuel Villa ◽

Lina Sarmiento ◽

Fermín José Rada ◽

Daniel Machado ◽

Alice Cristina Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Area Index

Nitrogen fertilization has considerable effects on growth and yield of potato crop. Leaf expansion is one of the most important growth parameters that can be used to optimize nitrogen fertilization management in agroecological practices. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the leaf area index (LAI) of potato crop during different phenological stages by two different methods. Experimental plots were established in a randomized block design with the following treatments: no nitrogen supply (0-N), 133 kg N ha-1 (133-N), and 400 kg N ha-1 (400-N), using the Granola variety, at the Andes region, Merida city, Venezuela. We measured leaf area at the main phenological stages of the crop using a plant canopy analyzer. LAI showed significant differences among treatments and phenological stages, except during the emergence stage. The maximum LAI values were obtained 55 days after emergence: 400-N (1.42±0.16) > 133-N (0.92±0.21) > 0-N (0.34±0.08). Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on the development of LAI in potato crop along its different phenological stages.

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Components of the leaf area index of marandu palisadegrass swards subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162009000600002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 721-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alessandra Aparecida Giacomini ◽

Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽

Daniel Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento ◽

Cauê Varesqui Zeferino ◽

Júlio Kuhn da Trindade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Early Spring ◽

Light Interception ◽

Area Index ◽

Early Return ◽

Index Site

Leaf area index is the main sward characteristic related to the processes of light interception and competition in plant communities. The objective of this experiment was to quantify and evaluate the composition of the leaf area on tillers of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil, from October/2004 to December/2005. Swards were grazed at 95 and 100% canopy light interception (LI) to post-grazing heights of 10 and 15 cm, following a 2 ' 2 factorial arrangement with four replications in a randomised complete block design. Estimates were made of sward leaf area index, site filling, specific leaf area and the dimensionless ratio between tiller leaf area and volume (R), as well as the relative contribution of basal and aerial tillers to these variables. In early spring, values of leaf area index and specific leaf area were low when compared to the other seasons, and swards grazed at 95% LI presented higher site filling and specific leaf area than those grazed at 100% LI. This resulted in higher tillering activity and increase in leaf area index in late spring, indicating quick recovery and early return of swards grazed at 95% LI to growing conditions. Aerial tillers corresponded to an important morphological adaptation of marandu palisadegrass to increase its competitive ability. Treatment 100/10 resulted in the highest and 95/15 in the lowest R values throughout the experiment, suggesting an allometric pattern of growth of tillers during regrowth in order to compensate low tiller population and optimise the leaf area index. Grazing management practices can benefit from this knowledge by promoting ideal sward conditions to maximise and accelerate growth.

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