scholarly journals Discharge sensitivity of collapsible drip tapes to water temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Ana C. S. de Araujo ◽  
José A. Frizzone ◽  
Antonio P. de Camargo ◽  
Diego J. de S. Pereira ◽  
Verônica G. M. L. de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discharge Variation ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Discharge Pressure

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of water temperature variations on the discharge of collapsible thin-walled drip tapes with integrated non-pressure-compensating emitters. The tests were conducted in the laboratory using an automated test bench. Tests were performed to determine the discharge-pressure curves by varying the water temperature from 20 to 50 °C. Nine emitter models of three wall thicknesses (6, 8, and 9 MIL) were evaluated. The coefficients K and x of the discharge-pressure curves varied according to the water temperature. In flat emitters of turbulent flow (x < 0.5), the discharge decreased as the temperature increased. In the welded emitters of turbulent flow, several responses were observed. Regarding emitter D (x > 0.5), the discharge increased as the temperature was increased, while for emitter C (x < 0.5), the discharge decreased; the highest discharge variations occurred at pressures higher than 60 kPa. For embossed emitters, the discharge increased as a function of temperature, however, the greatest variation occurred at the lowest pressures. None of the emitters showed significant difference in the discharge variation due to wall thicknesses.

Incubation Temperature Influences the Duration of Egg Hatching and Early Development in the Boreal Digging Frog, Kaloula Borealis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. ACCEPTED
Author(s):  
Rho-Jeong Rae
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hatching Rates

This study investigated the boreal digging frog, Kaloula borealis, to determine the egg hatching period and whether the hatching period is affected by incubation temperature. The results of this study showed that all the eggs hatched within 48 h after spawning, with 28.1% (±10.8, n=52) hatching within 24 h and 99.9% (±0.23, n=49) within 48 h after spawning. A significant difference was noted in the mean hatching proportion of tadpoles at different water temperatures. The mean hatching rates between 15 and 24 h after spawning was higher at a water temperature of 21.1 (±0.2) °C than at 24.1 (±0.2) °C. These results suggest that incubation temperature affected the early life stages of the boreal digging frog, since they spawn in ponds or puddles that form during the rainy season.

Effect of Water Temperature on the Egg Hatch and Early Growth of Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Jin Choi ◽  
Gyeong Sik Han ◽  
Ki Wook Lee ◽  
Soon-Gyu Byun ◽  
Hyun Jeong Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Walleye Pollock ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Effect Of Water

Determining the effect of water temperature on the T1 and T2 relaxation times of the lung tissue at 9.4 T MRI: A drowning mouse model

2021 ◽  
pp. 101836
Author(s):  
Kodama Saki ◽  
Hata Junichi ◽  
Kanawaku Yoshimasa ◽  
Nakagawa Hiroshi ◽  
Oshiro Hinako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
T2 Relaxation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
T1 And T2

Effect of water temperature on water consumption in female angora goats

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
R.A. Cooper ◽  
Bryany Hill ◽  
J.A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Angora Goats ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Few Data

It is commonly held that goats prefer their water ‘warm’ and that consumption may be encouraged by offering warmed water. Conversely, it is argued that water intake may go down if water is ‘too cold.’ There are, however, few data available and no definition of what constitutes ‘warm’ or ‘cold’ in the eyes of a goat. This trial was undertaken to provide some data in an attempt to confirm or refuse these conventional wisdoms.

The effect of water temperature on growth parameters of intensively reared juvenile peled Coregonus peled

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1877-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Matousek ◽  
Vlastimil Stejskal ◽  
Marketa Prokesova ◽  
Jan Kouril
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Effect Of Water

Effect of temperature on streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Dong ◽  
Gengxin Ou ◽  
Xunhong Chen ◽  
Zhaowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Streambed Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity

In this study, in situ and on-site permeameter tests were conducted in Clear Creek, Nebraska, USA to evaluate the effect of water temperature on streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity Kv. Fifty-two sediment cores were tested. Five of them were transferred to the laboratory for a series of experiments to evaluate the effect of water temperature on Kv. Compared with in situ tests, 42 out of the 52 tests have higher Kv values for on-site tests. The distribution of water temperature at the approximately 50 cm depth of streambed along the sand bar was investigated in the field. These temperatures had values in the range 14–19 °C with an average of 16 °C and had an increasing trend along the stream flow. On average, Kv values of the streambed sediments in the laboratory tests increase by 1.8% per 1 °C increase in water temperature. The coarser sandy sediments show a greater increase extent of the Kv value per 1 °C increase in water temperature. However, there is no distinct increasing trend of Kv value for sediment containing silt and clay layers.

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