scholarly journals In vitro effect of energy drinks on human enamel surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Marise Sano Suga MATUMOTO ◽  
Raquel Sano Suga TERADA ◽  
Dayla Thyeme HIGASHI ◽  
Mitsue FUJIMAKI ◽  
Selma Sano SUGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Red Bull ◽  
Acid Challenge

Abstract Introduction Energy drinks (ED) possess low pH and citric acid in their composition, making them potentially erosive beverages that can contribute to the high dental erosion rates found currently in the general population and also in young people. Objective To evaluate the mean pH and titratable acidity of commercial ED and the influence of a brand of ED on the superficial microhardness of human enamel. Material and method Ten commercial ED were selected and the pH of two lots of each ED with and without gas was obtained. Acid titration was conducted with the addition of NaOH aliquots until the pH 7 was reached. Eighteen human enamel specimens were allocated in three groups (N=6), Red Bull (RB), Red Bull Light (RBL) and distilled water (C), submitted to an acid challenge with the ED, six consecutive times, with 12 hours intervals, during three days. Knoop microhardness was measured before and after the acid challenge. Result All ED brands tested presented low pH levels ranging from 2.1 to 3.2. Regarding titratable acidity, it was found that the amount of base required promoting the neutralization of the solutions ranged from 1200μL to 3750μL. Samples of human enamel in the RB and RBL groups submitted to the acid challenge presented significantly decreased Knoop microhardness when compared with the group C. Conclusion All ED examined have potential to promote mineral loss due to the low pH and high titratable acidity. The ED analyzed promoted significant mineral losses on the dental enamel surface.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Assays Evaluating the Biological Activity of Taurine, Glucose and Energetic Beverages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Marcos Mateo-Fernández ◽  
Fernando Valenzuela-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Font ◽  
Mercedes Del Río-Celestino ◽  
Tania Merinas-Amo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Red Bull

Taurine is one of the main ingredients used in energy drinks which are highly consumed in adolescents for their sugary taste and stimulating effect. With energy drinks becoming a worldwide phenomenon, the biological effects of these beverages must be evaluated in order to fully comprehend the potential impact of these products on the health due to the fact nutrition is closely related to science since the population consumes food to prevent certain diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of taurine, glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® in order to check the food safety and the nutraceutical potential of these compounds, characterising different endpoints: (i) Toxicology, antitoxicology, genotoxicology and life expectancy assays were performed in the Drosophila melanogaster model organism; (ii) The in vitro chemopreventive activity of testing compounds was determined by assessing their cytotoxicity, the proapoptotic DNA-damage capability to induce internucleosomal fragmentation, the strand breaks activity and the modulator role on the methylation status of genomic repetitive sequences of HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Whereas none tested compounds showed toxic or genotoxic effect, all tested compounds exerted antitoxic and antigenotoxic activity in Drosophila. Glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® were cytotoxic in HL-60 cell line. Classic Red Bull® induced DNA internucleosomal fragmentation although none of them exhibited DNA damage on human leukaemia cells. In conclusion, the tested compounds are safe on Drosophila melanogaster and classic Red Bull® could overall possess nutraceutical potential in the in vivo and in vitro model used in this study. Besides, taurine could holistically be one of the bioactive compounds responsible for the biological activity of classic Red Bull®.

scholarly journals EROSIVE POTENTIAL OF SPORTS BEVERAGES ON HUMAN ENAMEL “IN VITRO”

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
Dalila Meazza Damo ◽  
Guilherme Anziliero Arossi ◽  
Helena Alvez da Silva ◽  
Leonardo Haerter dos Santos ◽  
Diego Rafael Kappaun
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction: The low pH of sports drinks may cause tooth enamel demineralization. Objective: To measure Vickers hardness of human enamel exposed to sports drinks. Methods: Human molars were used to collect the enamel samples. Each sample had a test surface (exposed to the drinks) and a control surface (unexposed). The samples were exposed to isotonic drinks Gatorade and Powerade, and to maltodextrin drinks Malto Advanced and Malto Active, for 10 minutes every 12 hours over 30 days. The Vickers microhardness test was conducted with three indentations on each surface. The mean of the indentations within each group was considered in the statistical analysis. Sports drinks variables were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey (p≤0.01). The independent t-test was used in the comparison between the control and test surfaces of each drink (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Enamel exposure to Gatorade (p = 0.000) Malto Advanced (p = 0.000) and Malto Active (p = 0.000) was seen to significantly reduce microhardness, while the isotonic drink Powerade had no significant effect on enamel (p = 0.248). Conclusion: It was concluded that with the exception of the isotonic drink Powerade, all the sports drinks tested caused a reduction in the microhardness of human enamel. Evidence Level III; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.

Brushing Effect of Abrasive Dentifrices during At-home Bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide on Enamel Surface Roughness

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Roberto Marcondes Martins ◽  
Claudia Cia Worschech ◽  
José Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Over Time ◽  
At Home

Abstract During tooth bleaching abrasive dentifrices might change the outer superficial enamel. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the roughness of human enamel exposed to a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent at different times and submitted to different superficial cleaning treatments. The study consisted of 60 sound human enamel slabs, randomly assigned to different treatment groups: G1 - not brushed; G2 - brushed with a fluoride abrasive dentifrice; G3 - brushed with a non-fluoride abrasive dentifrice; and G4 - brushed without a dentifrice. There were 15 enamel slabs per group. Slabs of molar teeth were obtained and sequentially polished with sandpaper and abrasive pastes. A perfilometer was used to obtain the mean of Ra value on the surface of each specimen to initial and experimental times. Bleaching was performed on the enamel surface for six hours daily. After that, each slab received a cleaning surface treatment and was stored in artificial saliva. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD hoc analysis (α =0.05) revealed significant differences in roughness values over time for enamel bleached and treated with different superficial cleaning methods. G1 and G4 showed no significant differences in roughness over time, G2 and G3 showed a significant increase in the surface roughness values. This in vitro investigation showed the sole use of 10% carbamide peroxide did not alter the enamel surface roughness, but the cleaning treatments that employed the use of brushing with abrasive dentifrices resulted in a significant increase of enamel surface roughness. Citation Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LRM, Ambrosano GMB. Brushing Effect of Abrasive Dentifrices during At-home Bleaching with 10% Carbamide Peroxide on Enamel Surface Roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 February;(7)1:025-034.

scholarly journals Effect of a carbamide peroxide bleaching gel containing calcium or fluoride on human enamel surface microhardness

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério de Oliveira ◽  
Adriana Franco Paes Leme ◽  
Marcelo Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Human Enamel

This in vitro study evaluated the surface microhardness of human enamel submitted to bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) containing calcium or fluoride. Ninety-eight dental blocks (5 x 5 mm²) with polished enamel surfaces were randomly assigned to 7 treatment groups (n=14), as follows: without bleaching and storage in artificial saliva (control); 10% CP; 10% CP + 0.05% calcium; 10% CP + 0.1% calcium; 10% CP + 0.2% calcium; 10% CP + 0.2% fluoride; and 10% CP + 0.5% fluoride. During 14 days, enamel surfaces were daily exposed to a 6-h bleaching regimen followed by storage in artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was measured before (baseline), during (7th day), immediately after bleaching (14th day) and 1 week post bleaching. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). All treatments reduced SM significantly during the bleaching cycle (7th day), immediately after bleaching (14th day) and 1 week post bleaching, compared to baseline and to the unbleached control group. In conclusion, in spite of the addition of calcium and fluoride, all bleaching treatments affected the enamel surface microhardness.

Titanium penetration in human enamel after TiF4 application

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Chevitarese ◽  
Orlando Chevitarese ◽  
Leila Maria Chevitarese ◽  
Paulo Bechara Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Titanium Coating ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Group A

The TiF4 application produces a titanium coating on enamel surface, reducing solubility in presence of cariogenic challenge. However, it is not established if this titanium also penetrates inside the enamel. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the presence of this superficial coat and titanium penetration into human sound and decayed enamel after TiF4 application. Twenty-four unerupted third molars were mesiodistally cut and divided into two groups (GA - sound and GB – artificial decayed). After a 4% TiF4 application, each sample was fractured longitudinally (occlusal-cervical). Through microprobe analysis with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), titanium penetration could be observed inside the enamel. The McNemar test (p=0.267) showed that there was no difference between the groups analyzed regarding to titanium penetration, although in group A the titanium penetrated more deeply (Wilcoxon test, p=0.047). It could be concluded that there was no difference between the groups regarding the titanium penetration, but titanium penetrated more deeply into sound enamel compared to artificially decayed enamel.

scholarly journals Effects of Toothbrushing with Fluoride Abrasive and Whitening Dentifrices on Both Unbleached and Bleached Human Enamel Surface in Terms of Roughness and Hardness: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukran Bolay ◽  
Filiz Yalcin Cakir ◽  
Sevil Gurgan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Machine Surface Roughness ◽  
Hardness Values

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness and hardness of both unbleached and bleached (opalescence; 10% carbamide peroxide) human enamel brushed with water (without dentifrice), fluoride abrasive dentifrice (Colgate Total) and whitening dentifrice (Natural White). Materials and methods Human enamel samples were obtained from third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): G1—Control (brushed with water without dentifrice), G2—Colgate Total (fluoride abrasive dentifrice), G3—Natural White (whitening dentifrice), G4—Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide) and then brushed with Colgate Total, G5— Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide) and then brushed with Natural White. Bleaching regimen was applied according to manufacturers’ instructions. The brushing process was performed with a modified Nyffenegger's brushing machine. Surface roughness was analyzed with a profilometer. Microhardness testing was performed with a Brinell hardness tester. Results Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA analysis and Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests. There were significant differences in surface roughness values for all groups, which showed an increase in roughness (p < 0.05). When the bleaching treatment combined with brushing with whitening dentifrice was performed (G5), there was a significant decrease in hardness values (p < 0.05). The other groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) showed no significant hardness differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that toothbrushing procedures increased the enamel surface roughness, and that bleaching regimen performed with cleaning treatment, through brushing with whitening dentifrice decreased hardness values. Clinical significance When applied together, bleaching and cleaning treatments may alter the enamel surface roughness and hardness values. How to cite this article Bolay S, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of Toothbrushing with Fluoride Abrasive and Whitening Dentifrices on Both Unbleached and Bleached Human Enamel Surface in Terms of Roughness and Hardness: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):584-589.

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