scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Assays Evaluating the Biological Activity of Taurine, Glucose and Energetic Beverages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Marcos Mateo-Fernández ◽  
Fernando Valenzuela-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Font ◽  
Mercedes Del Río-Celestino ◽  
Tania Merinas-Amo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Red Bull

Taurine is one of the main ingredients used in energy drinks which are highly consumed in adolescents for their sugary taste and stimulating effect. With energy drinks becoming a worldwide phenomenon, the biological effects of these beverages must be evaluated in order to fully comprehend the potential impact of these products on the health due to the fact nutrition is closely related to science since the population consumes food to prevent certain diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of taurine, glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® in order to check the food safety and the nutraceutical potential of these compounds, characterising different endpoints: (i) Toxicology, antitoxicology, genotoxicology and life expectancy assays were performed in the Drosophila melanogaster model organism; (ii) The in vitro chemopreventive activity of testing compounds was determined by assessing their cytotoxicity, the proapoptotic DNA-damage capability to induce internucleosomal fragmentation, the strand breaks activity and the modulator role on the methylation status of genomic repetitive sequences of HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Whereas none tested compounds showed toxic or genotoxic effect, all tested compounds exerted antitoxic and antigenotoxic activity in Drosophila. Glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® were cytotoxic in HL-60 cell line. Classic Red Bull® induced DNA internucleosomal fragmentation although none of them exhibited DNA damage on human leukaemia cells. In conclusion, the tested compounds are safe on Drosophila melanogaster and classic Red Bull® could overall possess nutraceutical potential in the in vivo and in vitro model used in this study. Besides, taurine could holistically be one of the bioactive compounds responsible for the biological activity of classic Red Bull®.

About Mechanisms of Biological Activity of the Nano- and Microparticles of Natural Minerals in the Experiment

10.12737/2753 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Сергиевич ◽  
A. Sergievich ◽  
Чайка ◽  
Vladimir Chayka ◽  
Голохваст ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
World Science ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

There are both in the domestic and the world science a discussion about the biological activity of water-insoluble solid microparticles technogenous and natural. These interactions are studied in the context of the professional pathology, hygiene and nanotoxicology. The purpose of this research was to study the mechanisms of action of particles of natural minerals of various sizes on biological systems. The paper is based on the applied modern methods which allow to determine the degree of interaction of microelements with the functional systems of the organism. Analysis of the results showed that the application of these methods has a number of shortcomings in the experiments in vivo and in vitro, associated with the physical and chemical features of zeolites. It is established that under cultivation in 6- and 24-hole tablets, the zeolite in a dose of 50 mg/ml covers all the cells attached to the glass. In the fields of view of the cells are practically invisible. Thus, an assessment of toxic effects or functional condition of the cells is not possible. Zeolite being water-insoluble compound wich is not subjected to the pipetting. At the delete zeolite of culture, there is practically full elimination of cells from the hole. Accumulation of the primary information about the biological effects of nano - and microparticles is extremely important. This allows the authors to make some conclusions, but the decision of a question on the mechanism of biological activity, especially the prediction of some properties of particles without the study of physical-chemical properties of the particles isn´t possible.

scholarly journals In VivoandIn VitroGenotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Mateo-Fernández ◽  
Tania Merinas-Amo ◽  
Miguel Moreno-Millán ◽  
Ángeles Alonso-Moraga ◽  
Sebastián Demyda-Peyrás
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Repetitive Elements ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this work was to assess the biological and food safety of two different beverages: Classic Coca Cola™(CCC) and Caffeine-Free Coca Cola (CFCC). To this end, we determined the genotoxicological and biological effects of different doses of lyophilised CCC and CFCC and Caffeine (CAF), the main distinctive constituent. Their toxic/antitoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic, and chronic toxicity (lifespan assay) effects were determinedin vivousing theDrosophilamodel. Their cytotoxic activities were determined using the HL-60in vitrocancer model. In addition, clastogenic DNA toxicity was measured using internucleosomal fragmentation and SCGE assays. Their epigenetic effects were assessed on the HL-60 methylation status using some repetitive elements. The experimental results showed a slight chemopreventive effect of the two cola beverages against HL-60 leukaemia cells, probably mediated by nonapoptotic mechanisms. Finally, CCC and CAF induced a global genome hypomethylation evaluated in LINE-1 and Alu M1 repetitive elements. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time the safety of this famous beverage inin vivoandin vitromodels.

scholarly journals Toxicological Studies of Czech Beers and Their Constituents

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Merinas-Amo ◽  
Rocío Merinas-Amo ◽  
Victoria García-Zorrilla ◽  
Alejandro Velasco-Ruiz ◽  
Ladislav Chladek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Background: Czech beers are unique because they are brewed using specific technology at a particular latitude and for being entirely produced in the area of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this work is the evaluation of toxicological effects of a variety of freeze-dried Czech beers, their raw materials (malts, hops and yeast) and processed-beer (wort, hopped wort and young beer). Methods: In vivo assays to evaluate the safety and protective effects in the Drosophila melanogaster eukaryotic system, and the in vitro evaluations of chemopreventive and DNA damage activity using the HL-60 tumour human cell line were carried out. Results: The safe effects for all the analysed substances and general protective effects against H2O2 were shown both at the individual and genomic level in the Drosophila animal model, with some exceptions. Moreover, all the substances were able to inhibit the tumour cell growth and to induce DNA damage in the HL-60 cells at different levels (proapoptotic, single/double strands breaks and methylation status). Conclusions: The promising effects shown by freeze-dried Czech beers due to their safety, protection against a toxin, chemopreventive potential and the induction of DNA damage in tumour cells, allow the proposition of Czech beer as a beverage with nutraceutic potential.

scholarly journals Structural Stereochemistry of Androstene Hormones Determines Interactions with Human Androgen, Estrogen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Shaak ◽  
Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe ◽  
Charles E. Chalfant ◽  
Robert F. Diegelmann ◽  
Kevin R. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Receptor Level ◽  
Hormone Interactions

DHEA, 17α-AED, 17β-AED, and 17β-AET exhibit strong biological activity that has been attributed to androgenic, estrogenic, or antiglucocorticoid activity in vivo and in vitro. This study compared DHEA, 17α-AED, 17β-AED, and 17β-AET for their ability to activate the human AR, ER, and GR and determine the relative androgenicity, estrogenicity, and glucocorticoid activity. The results show that, at the receptor level, these androstene hormones are weak AR and even weaker ER activators. Direct androstene hormone activation of the human AR, ERα, and ERβ may not be essential for their biological function. Similarly, these hormones indirectly activated the human GR, only in the presence of high dexamethasone concentrations. These results underscore the major difference between androstene hormone interactions with these nuclear receptors and their biological effects.

Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as an In Vivo Tool to Study the Biological Effects of Proton Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Nakajima ◽  
TianXiang Gao ◽  
Kazuhiko Kume ◽  
Hiromitsu Iwata ◽  
Shuichi Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Type

The clinical superiority of proton therapy over photon therapy has recently gained recognition; however, the biological effects of proton therapy remain poorly understood. The lack of in vivo evidence is especially important. Therefore, the goal of this study was to validate the usefulness of Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative tool in proton radiobiology. To determine whether the comparative biological effects of protons and X rays are detectable in Drosophila, we assessed their influence on survival and mRNA expression. Postirradiation observation revealed that protons inhibited their development and reduced the overall survival rates more effectively than X rays. The relative biological effectiveness of the proton beams compared to the X rays estimated from the 50% lethal doses was 1.31. At 2 or 24 h postirradiation, mRNA expression analysis demonstrated that the expression patterns of several genes (such as DNA-repair-, apoptosis- and angiogenesis-related genes) followed different time courses depending on radiation type. Moreover, our trials suggested that the knockdown of individual genes by the GAL4/UAS system changes the radiosensitivity in a radiation type-specific manner. We confirmed this Drosophila model to be considerably useful to evaluate the findings from in vitro studies in an in vivo system. Furthermore, this model has a potential to elucidate more complex biological mechanisms underlying proton irradiation.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Propolis on Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Hamide Doğan ◽  
Sibel Silici ◽  
Ahmet Ata Ozcimen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Bee Colony

Propolis is a special resin and wax material collected from the leaves and shells of trees, buds and shoots of plants by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). In recent years, many researchers have studied the chemical composition, biological activity and pharmacological properties of propolis. The colour, odour and pharmacological properties of the propolis composition also vary as the composition changes depending on the plant, region, season and bee colony. Flavonoids, aromatic acids, phenolic acids and esters are the main compounds responsible for the biological activity of propolis. A number of studies have been conducted on the use of propolis or its active ingredients in the treatment of cancer. It has been observed that the use of propolis did not cause side effects according to in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Propolis should be extracted with different compounds for use in biological assays. The most commonly used compounds for extraction are ethanol, methanol, oil and water. A number of studies have been carried out showing the antitumor effect of propolis in cell culture and animal tests. The search for new drugs derived from natural products, which may function as chemotherapeutic agents and have low side effects, has increased in recent years. Combination with antioxidant therapy may improve the side effects of chemotherapy on leukocytes, liver and kidney, thus increasing the effect of chemotherapy with dose increase.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Food Coloring in In Vivo and In Vitro Model Systems

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Merinas-Amo ◽  
María Martínez-Jurado ◽  
Silvia Jurado-Güeto ◽  
Ángeles Alonso-Moraga ◽  
Tania Merinas-Amo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Carminic Acid

(1) Background: The suitability of certain food colorings is nowadays in discussion because of the effects of these compounds on human health. For this reason, in the present work, the biological effects of six worldwide used food colorings (Riboflavin, Tartrazine, Carminic Acid, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Brilliant Blue FCF) were analyzed using two model systems. (2) Methods: In vivo toxicity, antitoxicity, and longevity assays using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and in vitro cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation, and methylation status assays using HL-60 tumor human cell line were carried out. (3) Results: Our in vivo results showed safe effects in Drosophila for all the food coloring treatments, non-significant protective potential against an oxidative toxin, and different effects on the lifespan of flies. The in vitro results in HL-60 cells, showed that the tested food colorings increased tumor cell growth but did not induce any DNA damage or modifications in the DNA methylation status at their acceptable daily intake (ADI) concentrations. (4) Conclusions: From the in vivo and in vitro studies, these results would support the idea that a high chronic intake of food colorings throughout the entire life is not advisable.

Biological effects of taurine and energy drinks: In vitro and in vivo assays to determine their nutraceutical potentiality

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. S178 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Valenzuela-Gómez ◽  
T. Merinas-Amo ◽  
P. Alves-Martínez ◽  
R. Merinas-Amo ◽  
Z. Fernández-Bedmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
In Vivo Assays

The role of aromatic microbial metabolites

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Н.В. Белобородова ◽  
В.В. Мороз ◽  
А.Ю. Бедова
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Blood Concentrations

Интеграция метаболизма макроорганизма и его микробиоты, обеспечивающая в норме симбиоз и саногенез, нарушается при заболеваниях, травме, критическом состоянии, и вектор взаимодействия может изменяться в пользу прокариотов по принципу «метаболиты бактерий - против хозяина». Анализ литературы показал, что, с одной стороны, имеется живой интерес к ароматическим микробным метаболитам, с другой - отсутствует четкое представление об их роли в организме человека. Публикации, касающиеся ряда ароматических микробных метаболитов (фенилкарбоновых кислот, ФКК), как правило, не связаны между собой по тематике и направлены на решение тех или иных прикладных задач в разных областях биологии и медицины. Цель обзора - анализ информации о происхождении, биологических эффектах ФКК в экспериментах in vitro и in vivo , и клинических наблюдениях. Обобщая результаты приведенных в обзоре исследований на клеточном, субклеточном и молекулярном уровнях, логично предположить участие ароматических микробных метаболитов в патогенезе полиорганной недостаточности при сепсисе. Наиболее перспективным для раскрытия роли ароматических микробных метаболитов представляется изучение механизмов вторичной почечной недостаточности и септической энцефалопатии. Важным направлением для будущих исследований является изучение влияния продуктов микробной биодеградации ароматических соединений на развитие диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови, артериальной гипотензии и септического шока. Результаты дальнейших исследований будут иметь не только фундаментальное значение, но и обогатят практическую медицину новыми диагностическими и лечебными технологиями. Significant increases in blood concentrations of some aromatic metabolites (phenylcarboxylic acids, PhCAs) in patients with sepsis have been previously shown. Enhanced bacterial biodegradation of aromatic compounds has been demonstrated to considerably contribute to this process. Integration of macroorganism metabolism and its microbiota, which provides normal symbiosis and sanogenesis, is disturbed in diseases, trauma, and critical conditions. Direction of this interaction may change in favor of prokaryotes according to the principle, “bacterial metabolites are against the host”. Analysis of literature showed a particular interest of many investigators to aromatic microbial metabolites. However, there is no clear understanding of their role in the human body. Publications on PhCAs are generally not thematically interrelated and usually focus on solving applied tasks in different fields of biology and medicine. The aim of this work was to consolidate existing information about origin and biological effects of PhCAs in in vitro / in vivo experiments and some clinical findings. The presented summary of reported data from studies performed at cellular, sub-cellular, and molecular levels suggests participation of aromatic microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in sepsis. Studying mechanisms of secondary renal failure and septic encephalopathy is most promising for discovering the function of aromatic microbial metabolites. Effects of microbial biodegradation products of aromatic substances on development of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypotension, and septic shock are an important challenge for future studies. Results of further investigations will be not only fundamental, but will also enrich medical practice with new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Hematoprotective Effects of Cleome arabica Polyphenolic Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tigrine ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Cleome Arabica

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

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