scholarly journals Diversity of metazoan parasites in Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae) from the lower Jari River, a tributary of the Amazonas River in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Barata GONÇALVES ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito OLIVEIRA ◽  
William Felix BORGES ◽  
Gracienhe Gomes SANTOS ◽  
Marcos TAVARES-DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Northern Brazil

ABSTRACT This study investigated the diversity of metazoan parasites in Colossoma macropomum from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon, northern Brazil. We collected a total of 4966 parasites from 34 fishes, including monogeneans (Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Notozothecium janauachensis and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni), nematodes (Spectatus spectatus larvae, Contracaecum sp. larvae andProcamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus), digeneans (Cladorchiidae metacercariae), acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae), crustaceans (Ergasilus turucuyus, Argulus multicolor, Perulernaea gamitanae and Braga patagonica), mites and leeches. The dominance was of monogenean species, found in the gills of the hosts. The parasites exhibited high aggregate dispersion, except Contracaecum sp. and P. (S.) inopinatus, that showed uniform and random dispersion, respectively. The species richness of parasites varied from 1 to 9, the Brillouin diversity index from 0 to 1.52, evenness from 0 to 0.63 and the Berger-Parker dominance index from 0.39 to 1.00. Abundance of parasites was not influenced by host length, but there was significant correlation with host body weight in some cases. The parasite community was characterized by low species richness and moderate diversity, with a predominance of ectoparasites with high prevalence and abundance, as well as the presence of endoparasites in the larval stage.

Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odonei Moia Almeida ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.

scholarly journals Diversity of metazoan parasites in fish Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus living in sympatry in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Felix Borges ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and community structure of metazoan parasites in sympatric populations of Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. All the specimens of T. angulatus and T. auritus examined were infected by Anacanthorus furculus, Anacanthorus pithophallus, Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona acuminata, Contracaecum sp., Ergasilus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. These parasites displayed aggregated or random dispersion. The parasite community in T. angulatus and T. auritus presented a similarity of 78%. The diversity indice and richness of parasite species were greater in T. auritus and there were differences in levels of host parasite infection for some infracommunities. Phyllodistomum spatula occurred only in T. angulatus, while metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum and Digenea gen. sp.2 occurred only in T. auritus. The species richness of the parasites was influenced by host size, as well as the abundance of some parasite infracommunities. This is the first report of these parasites for T. angulatus and T. auritus, except for P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for T. angulatus.

scholarly journals Ectoparasites community in Satanoperca jurupari (Cichlidae) from the Jari River, a tributary from Amazon River in Northern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sidney Brito de Oliveira ◽  
Raissa Alves Gonçalves ◽  
Lígia Rigor Neves ◽  
Drielly Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
High Dominance

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the gills parasites in Satanoperca jurupari from the Jari River, state of Amapá, in eastern Amazon (Brazil). The gills of 100% of the hosts were parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Sciadicleithrum juruparii (Monogenoidea) Genarchella genarchella, Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea) Ergasilus coatiarus and Argulus multicolor (Crustacea), and a total of 27,043 parasites were collected. However, the dominance was of I. multifiliis and there was aggregated dispersion of parasites with greater discrepancy for S. juruparii and A. multicolor. Low species richness of parasites (3.1 ± 1.1), low Brillouin diversity index (0.27 ± 0.23), low evenness (0.16 ± 0.13) and high dominance of Berger-Parker (0.88 ± 0.15) were found. The community of parasites in S. jurupari was characterized by low species richness, low diversity and low evenness, with high prevalence and low abundance. The size of host did not have any influence on the parasites community, but the host behavior and availability of infective stages of the parasites were factors structuring the community of ectoparasites found here.

scholarly journals Diversity and community ecology of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Amazonas River in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvis Silva Lima ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
First Record ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Abstract The present study investigated the metazoan parasite community in Pimelodus ornatus from the Amazon River, in the state of Amapá (Brazil). Of 71 fish examined, 70.4% were parasitized by Demidospermus sp. (Monogenea), Cucullanus pinnai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) and plerocercoids from Proteocephalidae gen. sp. (Cestoda). The dominance was of nematode species such as Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. The parasites showed a highly aggregated dispersion and a predominance of hosts infected by one species of parasite. The parasite community was characterized by a low Shannon diversity index, low evenness and low species richness. The richness of parasite species, Shannon's diversity index, abundance of P. (S.) inopinatus and Proteocephalidae gen. sp. showed a positive correlation with the length of the hosts. Therefore, the size of the hosts had an influence on the parasite community and infracommunities, as well as their intermediate position in the food web. This is the first record of P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for P. ornatus.

scholarly journals First study on parasites of Hemibrycon surinamensis (Characidae), a host from the eastern Amazon region

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Danielle Figueiredo Guimarães Hoshino ◽  
Érico Melo Hoshino ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
The Mean

This study was the first investigation of communities and infracommunities of parasites of Hemibrycon surinamensis. All the fish collected in a tributary of the Amazon river were parasitized by one or more parasite species. The Brillouin diversity index (HB) was 0.46 ± 0.28 and the mean species richness was 3.5 ± 1.2 parasites per host. A total of 14,734 parasites were collected, including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa); Jainus hexops and Tereancistrum sp. (Monogenoidea); Ergasilus turucuyus and Argulus sp. (Crustacea); metacercariae of Derogenidae gen. sp.; metacercariae and adults of Genarchella genarchella (Digenea); and Cucullanus larvae and Contracaecum larvae (Nematoda). The dominant parasite was I. multifiliis, followed by P. pillulare. The parasites showed aggregated dispersion, except for E. turucuyus, which had random dispersion. The condition factor (Kn) indicated that the parasitism levels had not affected host body condition. The high levels of infection observed were due to host behavior, and this was discussed. This was the first report of I. multifiliis, P. pillulare, Argulus sp., E. turucuyus, G. genarchella, J. hexops and Tereancistrum sp. in H. surinamensis, and it expanded the occurrence of E. turucuyus and G. genarchella to the eastern Amazon region.

scholarly journals Perulernaea gamitanae (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) parasitizing tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) (Characidae) and the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, cultured in northern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tavares-Dias ◽  
L.R. Neves ◽  
E.F. Santos ◽  
M.K.R. Dias ◽  
R.G. B. Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
New Hosts

The infestation rate in Colossoma macropomum, hybrid tambacu (C. macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) and hybrid tambatinga (C. macropomum x Piaractus brachypomum) with Perulernaea gamitanae Thatcher and Paredes, 1985 from two fish farms in Amapá State, Brazil was studied. Lernaeid parasites (n=2887) were collected mainly on the tongue and the mouth cavity and also on cartilage of gill arches and filaments. Inflammation and fibrous nodules were observed on the attachment sites of the parasites. The infestation rate varied according to the fish farm and host. The prevalence of P. gamitanae was of 100% in hosts from one fish farm and was lower in the other fish farm. Higher intensity of P. gamitanae occurred in hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, but despite the high prevalence its intensity was moderate. This is the first report on epidemiology of P. gamitanae in cultured fishes from Brazilian Amazonia, and the occurrence of this crustacean parasite in two new hosts, the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga.

scholarly journals Metazoan fauna parasitizing Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Loricariidae) catfishes from the northeastern Brazilian Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriele Carolina Franco CARDOSO ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito OLIVEIRA ◽  
Ligia Rigôr NEVES ◽  
Marcos TAVARES-DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
River System ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Northern Brazil

ABSTRACT This study investigated the metazoan parasite fauna in Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis from a tributary of the Amazon River system, in northern Brazil. In P. braueri, 630 parasites were collected, belonging to Unilatus unilatus, Nothogyrodactylus sp., Genarchella genarchella, Proteocephalus sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchis, Dolops longicauda and Hirudinea gen. sp., with a dominance of monogenean species. In P. pardalis, 120 parasites were collected, belonging to U. unilatus, Acanthostomum gnerii and Gorytocephalus elongorchis, and this acanthocephalan was the dominant species. In both hosts, the parasites presented clumped distribution, high prevalence, low abundance, low Shannon diversity, and low species richness, with a predominance of helminth species. In P. braueri, host length was positively correlated with parasite species richness and Shannon index. There was no difference in the body condition of parasitized and non-parasitized fishes in either host. This was the first report of these parasites in P. braueri and P. pardalis.

Determinants of the parasite community of clariid fishes from Lake Victoria, Tanzania

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chacha Mwita ◽  
Gamba Nkwengulila
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Species Richness

AbstractThe factors that determine parasite assemblages among the clariid fishes of Lake Victoria, Tanzania were studied between August 2003 and February 2005. Six hundred and fifty-six fish belonging to seven species were necropsied and examined for parasites, from which 31 species of metazoan parasites were recorded. The community was dominated by the nematodes both in species and numbers. Most species were generalists with only two trematodes, Diplostomum mashonense and Tylodelphys species, being specialists of Clarias gariepinus. Ten species were considered core and predictable. Parasite species richness, number of individuals per host and Shannon–Wiener diversity indices were generally high. At the compound community level, a mean number of 7.8 parasites were shared among different species of fish and the maximum number of parasites species per fish at the infracommunity level was seven. Levels of similarity in parasite species richness at the component community level ranged from 29.6 to 61.5%. The study concludes that parasite communities in clariid fishes of Lake Victoria are structured by ecological factors. At the infracommunity level, host size, diet and vagility promoted a richer parasite community. At the compound level, two factors were crucial, namely the intermixing of the waters in the lake and the predominant and mobile C. gariepinus.

Struktur Komunitas Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidae (Lepidoptera) di Kawasan DAS Budi Kecamatan Sungai Betung Kabupaten Bengkayang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Farah Diba ◽  
R Ressiawan ◽  
N Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

The Budi watershed, which is located in Sungai Betung Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province, is a land and water conservation area which is a source of clean water for the community. The forest in the Budi watershed becomes a habitat for butterflies. The research aims to analyze the community structure and identify the types of butterflies in Budi watershed Sungai Betung Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The research methods used survey method with scan sampling technique in the morning and evening. Data from the inventory of butterfly species and the number of individuals of each species were analyzwd using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H”), the Margalef species richness index (DMg) and the Simpson dominance index (D). The results showed that the total number of butterfly species found in the Budi watershed was 22 species with 148 individuals belonging to three families, namely Nymphalidae (14 species), Papilionoidae (3 species), and Pieridae (5 species). The most dominance species found were Eurema blanda, Hypolimnas bolina, and Letopsia nina. The index of butterfly species richness in Budi watershed was DMg = 9.67 and is included in categorized high species richness. The butterfly dominance index D = 0.0066 and it categorized to low species dominance. Species diversity index H” = 2.093 and showed the diversity of butterfly species in the Budi watershed, Sungai Betung sub district, Bengkayang Regency is included in the medium diversity category.  

scholarly journals Communities of parasite metazoans in Piaractus brachypomus (Pisces, Serrasalmidae) in the lower Amazon River (Brazil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the component community of parasite metazoans of Piaractus brachypomus in the lower Amazon River, northern Brazil. From 34 necropsied fish, 27,384 metazoan parasites were collected, such as Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium viatorum and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea); Spectatus spectatus and Contracaecum sp (Nematoda); Clinostomum marginatum and Dadaytrema oxycephala (Digenea); and Argulus carteri and Ergasilus sp. (Crustacea). The dominant species was S. spectatus followed by monogenoidean species, and there was aggregated dispersion of parasites, except for D. oxycephala and Contracaecum sp., which presented random dispersion. Positive correlation among the abundance of the three monogenoideans species were found, thus indicating that there was no competition between the species of these parasites on the gills of hosts. The abundances of some parasite species showed positive correlations with the size of the hosts, but the condition factor of the fish was not affected by the parasitism levels. It showed that this host had a metazoan community characterized by high species richness of metazoans, low evenness and high diversity of parasites, with prevalence of endoparasites, including larval stages. This was the first record of C. marginatum, A. carteri, Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. for P. brachypomus.

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