Prevalence of overweight and associated factors in under-five-year-old children in urban population in Brazil

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overweight in children under five years old from urban households and to investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study carried out in the five regions of Brazil with a sample of 6,397 children. The World Health Organization 2006 Growth Curves were used and children were considered overweight when Z-score was higher than two standard deviations of weight for height. The following variables were investigated: family income, mothers' education level, race, age, gender, number of siblings, weight at birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Proportions were compared with the χ2 test and reasons of prevalence were calculated. Logistic regression was used for the adjusted analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight was of 12%. After adjustments, this prevalence was significantly higher among males (p = 0.030) and inversely proportional to the child's age (p = 0.032). White children presented 22% higher overweight prevalence than non-white ones. A linear direct association was verified between weight at birth and overweight (p = 0.000). Children who were breastfed until 120 days presented 34% more prevalence of overweight when compared to the ones who were breastfed for a longer time. Conclusions: Overweight prevalence was higher in male, under one year old, white children, with more than 3,500 grams of weight at birth and who were exclusively breastfed until 120 days.

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Associated factors of malnutrition among African children under five years old, Bom Jesus, Angola

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652017000100004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 33-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ema Cândida Branco FERNANDES ◽

Teresa Gontijo de CASTRO ◽

Daniela Saes SARTORELLI

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Nutritional Deficits ◽

Prevalence Ratios

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the determinants of wasting and stunting in children under five years old in the commune of Bom Jesus, Angola Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 742 children in 2010, and nutritional deficits were defined by World Health Organization criteria. Prevalence ratios and associated factors of wasting and stunting were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance, using a conceptual hierarchical model Results: For both deficits, there were significant differences in the prevalence ratios according to the children's neighborhood and age. Boys and those children living in households whose water supply came from the river or lake, as well those with recent expulsion of parasites and infections were more likely to present stunting. Children of fathers with higher number of children or that which the fathers were not living at home and whose mothers were 25-34 years old were less likely to have wasting Conclusion: It was identified independent variables from different levels of determination of malnutrition, standing out the basic sanitation conditions and family structure as important predictors of the nutritional deficits. The knowledge of the associated factors of malnutrition may contribute for subside public policies in planning interventions to improve the childhood nutrition status in Bom Jesus and communes with similar characteristics in Angola.

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Perinatal asphyxia and associated factors among neonates admitted to a specialized public hospital in South Central Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262619 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262619

Author(s):

Seifu Awgchew Mamo ◽

Girum Sebsibie Teshome ◽

Tewodros Tesfaye ◽

Abel Tibebu Goshu

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

South Central ◽

Health Organization

Introduction Perinatal asphyxia continues to be a significant clinical concern around the world as the consequences can be devastating. World Health Organization data indicates perinatal asphyxia is encountered amongst 6–10 newborns per 1000 live full-term birth, and the figures are higher for low and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, studies on the prevalence of asphyxia and the extent of the problem in poorly resourced southern Ethiopian regions are limited. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used from March to April 2020. Data was collected from charts of neonates who were admitted to NICU from January 2016 to December 31, 2019. Result The review of 311 neonates’ medical records revealed that 41.2% of the neonates experienced perinatal asphyxia. Preeclampsia during pregnancy (AOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.1–12.3), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 4.5, 95%CI:2.3–8.6), gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:1.9–9.2), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI:1.33–4.7) fetal distress (AOR = 3,95%CI:1.3–7.0) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 7.7, 95%CI: 3.1–19.3) were the associated factors. Conclusion Substantial percentages of neonates encounter perinatal asphyxia, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Focus on early identification and timely treatment of perinatal asphyxia in hospitals should, therefore, be given priority.

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A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Survey of Trachoma among Migrant School Aged Children in Shanghai, China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/8692685 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wenwen Xue ◽

Lina Lu ◽

Jianfeng Zhu ◽

Xiangui He ◽

Jiangnan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Migrant Children ◽

World Health ◽

Close Attention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender Comparison ◽

School Aged Children ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Population Based Survey

We investigated the prevalence of clinical trachoma in 154,265 children aged 6 to 16 years in 206 Shanghai migrant schools. Clean water availability in school, each child’s facial cleanliness, eyelids, corneas, and the presenting distance visual acuities were examined. Trachoma was clinically diagnosed in accordance with the World Health Organization simplified classification. Eyes diagnosed with trachoma were swabbed to test for ocularChlamydia trachomatisinfections (OCTI) with a rapid latex immunochromatographic test. Among 153,977 students, no blindness was found related to trachoma. Trachoma was diagnosed in 8029 children (5.2%). In 87 schools clinical trachoma prevalence was higher than 5%. OCTI was confirmed in 2073 of 6823 trachoma diagnosed children (30.4%). Clinical trachoma prevalence was higher among females than males (p<0.001), but gender comparison showed no statistical difference in the prevalence of OCTI (p=0.077). Age and clinical trachoma (r=-0.014;p<0.001) or OCTI (r=-0.026;p=0.031) prevalence were negatively correlated. Clinical trachoma was different in different districts and counties (p<0.001). Trachoma warrants close attention in Shanghai migrant children because the condition remains endemic in some schools.

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Household Survey of Trachoma Among Children Living in Pernambuco, Brazil

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8040263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

Brito ◽

Barbosa ◽

Coelho de Andrade ◽

Sá de Oliveira ◽

Montarroyos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Model ◽

Family Income ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

The State ◽

World Health ◽

Social Risk ◽

Piped Water ◽

Health Organization

This study analyzed the association between individual and household factors and the incidence of trachoma among a population aged between 1 and 9 years in the state of Pernambuco. This was a population-based household study conducted using a population-based sample of residents from 96 census sectors of the 1778 sectors considered to be at social risk in the state. The estimated odds ratio of the univariate analysis presented a confidence interval of 95%. Weights and clusters were adjusted through the Generalized Linear and Latent Mixed Model (GLLAM) method. Trachoma cases were the dependent variable in the multivariate analysis. The independent variables were selected through the stepwise forward method, with an input criterion of 20% (p < 0.20) and an output criterion of 10% (p < 0.10). The prevalence was 6.65%. Trachoma was associated with a female sex, age of 5–9 years, either the absence of use or infrequent use of soap to wash the hands and face, the presence of nasal secretion, a lack of piped water from a public supply system, a greater number of rooms used for sleeping, a greater number of people living in the same household, and a family income of up to one minimum monthly wage. The prevalence of follicular trachoma in Pernambuco was higher than what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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New Growth Curves for Spanish Children (0–10 Years) in the Region of Extremadura

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18178953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 8953

Author(s):

Luis Pardo-Galán ◽

Raquel Pastor-Cisneros ◽

Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽

José Adsuar ◽

Miguel García-Gordillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Curves ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Regional Government ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Social ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization

The anthropometric reference data used to examine the growth pattern of children in Spain are obtained from studies carried out several years ago. In the region of Extremadura, the tables obtained by the Faustino Obergozo Foundation, which date back to 2004, are used. The first objective of this work is to develop growth tables and graphs that accurately reflect the somatometric variables of children in Extremadura. Secondly, the averages of these variables by sex will be compared to determine if there are significant differences between them. A database provided by the General Directorate of Planning, Training, and Health and Social Quality of the Regional Government of Extremadura was used, which contains the measurements of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of boys and girls in Extremadura between the years 2006–2016. The database was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and the R software version 3.5.1, considering a cross-sectional study. As a result, the tables and growth graphs of Extremadura’s population base for weight and height are presented, from birth to 10 years, as well as comparisons of the average values of the analyzed variables between boys and girls. We found that there are significant differences in the mean values, according to sex, of the height and weight. On the other hand, BMI progressed normally when comparing the results of the Extremadura population with those reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO). Differences were found when comparing the results with those obtained by the Faustino Orbegozo Foundation.

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Associated factors of precocious sexual intercourse among schooled teenagers in Antsirabe town, Madagascar

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20215029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Florent J. Rafamatanantsoa ◽

Armel M. A. Razanatsila ◽

Miora H. R. Razanatsimba ◽

Lina Rakotoson ◽

Lea Raobela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sexual Experience ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Life ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Household ◽

Sociodemographic Profile ◽

Health Organization

Background: Teenagers are defined by world health organization as persons between 10 and 19 years of age. When this generation has a sexual intercourse, it is considered to be early. The main aim of this investigation is to identify associated factors of precocious sexual intercourse.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the high schools in Antsirabe town among teenagers.Results: Among 636 teenagers, 19.8% are prematurely initiated. The median age of first sexual experience is 16 years of age. The average age for this first sexual experience takes place at 15.5 (1.4) years of age for boys and at 16.6 (1.2) years for girls. One kind of sociodemographic profile is associated to the first precocious sexual intercourse. Poor school performance, urban life, alcohol, tobacco and drug use are also significantly associated with this precocious sexual experience. From the relationship standpoint, 6= lack of sexual education by the head of household, the absence of religious diligence, the influence of customs, internet access and accession a social network are indeed associated to this problem.Conclusions: In order to meet these results, the ministry of public health should design on Facebook, education program about forward sexuality.

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Prevalence of sun exposure and its associated factors in southern Brazil: a population-based study

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132122 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 554-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rodrigo Pereira Duquia ◽

Ana Maria Baptista Menezes ◽

Hiram Larangeira de Almeida Jr ◽

Felipe Fossati Reichert ◽

Iná da Silva dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Family Income ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Population Based ◽

Sunlight Exposure ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ultraviolet Index

BACKGROUND: Sunlight exposure is responsible for a large number of dermatological diseases.OBJECTIVE: We estimated the prevalence of sunlight exposure and its associated factors in adults from southern Brazil in a cross-sectional, population-based study.METHODS:We investigated a representative sample of individuals aged ≥ 20 years (n=3,136). Sunlight exposure and its associated factors were evaluated in two distinct situations: at leisure time and at work. The time period investigated ranged from December 2004 to March 2005, comprising 120 days of the highest ultraviolet index in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, in southern Brazil. The participants were asked about sunlight exposure for at least 20 minutes between 10 A.M. and 4 P.M. The analysis was stratified by sex, and sunlight exposure was grouped into five categories.RESULTS:Among the 3,136 participants, prevalence of sunlight exposure at the beach was 32.8% (95% CI, 30.3 - 35.2) and 26.3% (95% CI, 24.2 28.3) among men and women, respectively. The prevalence at work was 39.8% (95% CI, 37.2 - 42.4) among men and 10.5% (95% CI, 9.1 - 12.0) among women. Age was inversely associated with sunlight exposure. Family income and achieved schooling were positively associated with sunlight exposure at leisure time and inversely associated with sunglight exposure at work. Self-reported skin color was not associated. Knowledge of any friend or relative who has been affected by skin cancer was positively associated with sunlight exposure among men at work.CONCLUSION:Despite the media campaigns on the harmful effects of excessive sunlight exposure, we found a high prevalence of sunlight exposure during a period of high ultraviolet index.

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Workplace Violence and its Associated Factors among Nurses

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v15i3.18847 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manisha Pandey ◽

Tulsi Ram Bhandari ◽

Ganesh Dangal

Keyword(s):

Workplace Violence ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

International Labor ◽

Health Organization ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: Workplace violence among nurses is prevalent worldwide. If nurses become aware of the workplace violence and its risk factors then only they can protect themselves. This study assessed the prevalence of workplace violence and its associated factors among nurses in Pokhara, Nepal. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Pokhara. The required sample size of the study was 200 nurses. We adopted self-administered questionnaire developed by International Labor Office, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization (WHO), and Public Services International. Out of 21 hospitals of Pokhara, we selected five hospitals using simple random sampling method. The number of nurses in each hospital was fixed proportionately considering the total number of employed nurses. Individual nurses were selected on the first meet first basis to gain the required number. Results: Two-thirds (64.5%) nurses experienced some type of violence in the last six months at their workplace. The proportion of verbal violence was higher (61.5%) compared to the physical (15.5%) and sexual violence (9%). Most perpetrators of the violence were the relatives of patients and hospital employees. Age of nurses and working stations had statistically significant association with workplace violence (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Workplace violence among nurses is a noteworthy problem in Pokhara whereas nearly two-thirds of nurses faced some type of violence in last six months. It is an urge to widen awareness level of nurses on the violence thus, they can take precaution themselves and ask hospital administration and other stakeholders to address the workplace violence.

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Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12–24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/fmz056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 210-217

Author(s):

Ingvild Skålnes Elverud ◽

Ketil Størdal ◽

Mercy Chiduo ◽

Claus Klingenberg

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Z Score ◽

Future Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background The first 1000 days of life, from conception to the second birthday, offer a unique window of opportunity for optimal growth, critical for future health. The primary aim of this study was to analyze growth of children between 12 and 24 months age in Tanzanian children, and to explore possible predictors for growth. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study performed between March and April 2017. Eligible children, and their mothers, attended routine follow-up at two health clinics in Tanga, Tanzania. At the study day, the child’s weight and height were recorded. The mothers answered a structured interview regarding breastfeeding, immunization and socioeconomic conditions. Results We recruited 300 mother–child pairs. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at study visit was 16 (14–20) months. Mothers reported that 170 (57%) of their children were exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months; median (IQR) 6 (4–6) months. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard growth curves, mean weight-for-age Z-score was −0.30 and mean length-for-age Z-score was −0.47. Children whose mothers had higher education had higher Z-scores for weight and length compared to children of mothers with lower education. Education remained the most important predictor for growth also after adjusting for other variables. Overall, 48/300 (16%) were moderate-severe stunted and 25/300 (8.4%) had moderate-severe underweight. Conclusion Children aged 12–24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard. Higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was long, but did not predict growth parameters.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pneumonia among Children 2 – 59 Months of Age in Gumay District, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.11138/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anteneh Tesfaye ◽

Desta Hiko ◽

Teshome Kabeta

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Jimma Zone ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Recent estimates from the World Health Organization suggest that pneumonia is responsible for 20% of deaths in the under-five age group, leading to 3 million deaths per year. Out of fifteen countries that have the highest death rate from clinical pneumonia in children younger than five-year-old, Ethiopia ranks as number four in the world. Objective To determine the prevalence and identify the associated factors of pneumonia among 2 -59 months old children in Gumay district, Jimma zone, 2017. Methods Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Gumay district from March 1- 26 /2017. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to proportionally draw 347 households from 5 selected kebeles. Pre-tested Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from households. Health professionals were recruited in the survey as data collectors and supervisors. The data was entered to Epi-Data version 3 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Result The prevalence of pneumonia in 2 to 59 months old children found to be 7.5%. a child 2-11 months of age(AOR = 3.17;95%CI 1.6,6.3; p-value= 0.024), Cooking place (AOR=5.7; 95% CI 1.83,18; p-value=0.004), living in houses with less than two windows (AOR= 3.18; 95% CI 1.07, 9.5; p-value =0.034), location of the child during cooking (AOR=5.15; 95%CI 1.6, 16.7; p-value= 0.008) and being not vaccinated (AOR=4.76, 95% CI;1.69, 13.37; p-value=0.003) were found to be significant associated with pneumonia among children 2 to 59 months of age in this study.

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