scholarly journals Household Survey of Trachoma Among Children Living in Pernambuco, Brazil

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Brito ◽  
Barbosa ◽  
Coelho de Andrade ◽  
Sá de Oliveira ◽  
Montarroyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Health Organization

This study analyzed the association between individual and household factors and the incidence of trachoma among a population aged between 1 and 9 years in the state of Pernambuco. This was a population-based household study conducted using a population-based sample of residents from 96 census sectors of the 1778 sectors considered to be at social risk in the state. The estimated odds ratio of the univariate analysis presented a confidence interval of 95%. Weights and clusters were adjusted through the Generalized Linear and Latent Mixed Model (GLLAM) method. Trachoma cases were the dependent variable in the multivariate analysis. The independent variables were selected through the stepwise forward method, with an input criterion of 20% (p < 0.20) and an output criterion of 10% (p < 0.10). The prevalence was 6.65%. Trachoma was associated with a female sex, age of 5–9 years, either the absence of use or infrequent use of soap to wash the hands and face, the presence of nasal secretion, a lack of piped water from a public supply system, a greater number of rooms used for sleeping, a greater number of people living in the same household, and a family income of up to one minimum monthly wage. The prevalence of follicular trachoma in Pernambuco was higher than what is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

scholarly journals Influence of different body mass index cut-off values in assessing the nutritional status of adolescents in a household survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1850-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio da Silva Gomes ◽  
Luiz Antonio dos Anjos ◽  
Mauricio Teixeira Leite de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric nutritional status of the adolescent population of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and the influence of changes in the adopted body mass index (BMI) cut-offs in the nutritional status assessment of the adolescent population. A population-based survey conducted in 2003 obtained data from a probabilistic sample of 1,734 households and 523 adolescents. The multiple proportions test and prevalence ratios were used to analyze differences between estimates obtained from different BMI cut-offs. Changes in cut-off values from the old to the new recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) resulted in a significant increase in overweight prevalence among total, male and female adolescent population (25%, 27% and 23%, respectively) (p < 0.05). There were significant increases in the prevalence of low-BMI-for-age among the total (29% increase) and male (39%) adolescent populations when the proposal of the International Obesity Task Force was compared to current WHO BMI-for-age cut-offs (p < 0.05). It is shown that a simple change in cut-off values used to define the anthropometric nutritional status can significantly modify the nutritional profile of an adolescent population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and associated factors in under-five-year-old children in urban population in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosângela de Mattos Müller ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽  
Denise Silva da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overweight in children under five years old from urban households and to investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study carried out in the five regions of Brazil with a sample of 6,397 children. The World Health Organization 2006 Growth Curves were used and children were considered overweight when Z-score was higher than two standard deviations of weight for height. The following variables were investigated: family income, mothers' education level, race, age, gender, number of siblings, weight at birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Proportions were compared with the χ2 test and reasons of prevalence were calculated. Logistic regression was used for the adjusted analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight was of 12%. After adjustments, this prevalence was significantly higher among males (p = 0.030) and inversely proportional to the child's age (p = 0.032). White children presented 22% higher overweight prevalence than non-white ones. A linear direct association was verified between weight at birth and overweight (p = 0.000). Children who were breastfed until 120 days presented 34% more prevalence of overweight when compared to the ones who were breastfed for a longer time. Conclusions: Overweight prevalence was higher in male, under one year old, white children, with more than 3,500 grams of weight at birth and who were exclusively breastfed until 120 days.

scholarly journals Unmet Needs and Use of Assistive Products in Two Districts of Bangladesh: Findings from a Household Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Pryor ◽  
Liem Nguyen ◽  
Qumrun Islam ◽  
Faruk Jalal ◽  
Manjula Marella
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Health Organization

Access to assistive products (AP) is an under-researched public health issue. Using an adaptation of a draft World Health Organization tool—the ‘Assistive Technology Assessment—Needs (ATA-N)’ for measuring unmet needs and use of AP, we aimed to understand characteristics of AP users, self-reported needs and unmet needs for AP, and current access patterns in Bangladesh. The ATA-N was incorporated in a Rapid Assessment of Disability (RAD), a population-based survey to estimate prevalence and correlates of disability. In each of two unions of Kurigram and Narsingdi districts, 60 clusters of 50 people each aged two years and older were selected using a two-staged cluster random sampling process, of whom, 4250 (59% Female; 41% Male) were adults, including 333 using AP. We estimate 7.1% of the studied population used any AP. AP use is positively associated with age and self-reported functional difficulty. The proportion of people using AP is higher for mobility than for sensory and cognitive difficulties. Of all people with any functional difficulty, 71% self-reported an unmet need for AP. Most products were home or self-made, at low cost, but provided benefits. Needs and unmet needs for AP are high, especially for people with greater functional difficulties. Assessing unmet needs for AP revealed important barriers to scale that can inform policy and practice.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN PEKERJAAN IBU HAMIL DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN KEHAMILAN DI PUSKESMAS MARIANA KECAMATAN BANYUASIN I KABUPATEN BANYUASIN TAHUN 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leny Leny
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Prenatal care is health care by health personnel to care the pregnant according to standards. Worlrd Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 500.000 women die during pregnancy or childbirth. Maternal mortality in Indonesia is 307 per 100,000 live births. The quantity of pregnant women’s visit in Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2009 of 89.1%. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between education and occupation with prenatal care at Puskesmas Mariana  Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2011. This study uses analytic approach survey by Cross Sectional methods, the population are 1.946 pregnant women and the samples as many as 332 people. The results of univariate analysis study of pregnant women who are higher education as much as 45.2%, and  low maternal education as much as 54.8%. In pregnant women who work of 43.4%, and pregnant women who do not work for 56.6%. From the results of bivariate analysis and Chi-Square statistical tests found a significant association between education of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000, and there was a significant association between occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000. Can be concluded that there is a relationship between education and occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care. Expected to health workers to provide counseling on the importance of prenatal care in pregnant women and expected future studies may explore again the factors associated with prenatal care with the different variables.   ABSTRAK Pemeriksaan kehamilan adalah pelayanan kesehatan oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk memeriksakan ibu hamil sesuai standar. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan lebih dari 500.000 ibu pertahunnya meninggal saat hamil atau bersalin. AKI di Indonesia 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Jumlah kunjungan ibu hamil di Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun 2009 sebesar 89,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan di Puskesmas Mariana Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun  2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, populasi ibu hamil dengan jumlah 1.946 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 332 orang. Hasil penelitian Analisa Univariat adalah ibu hamil yang pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 45,2%, dan pendidikan rendah ibu hamil sebanyak 54,8%. Pada variabel pekerjaan ibu hamil yang bekerja sebesar 43,4%, dan ibu hamil yang tidak bekerja sebesar 56,6%. Dari hasil analisa bivariat dan uji statistik Chi-Square  didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan  P Value = 0,000, dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan P Value = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan pada ibu hamil dan diharapkan penelitian yang akan datang dapat menggali lagi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan variabel yang berbeda.

Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M Burkle ◽  
Christopher M Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)

scholarly journals Personal protection with PBO-pyrethroid synergist-treated nets after 2 years of household use against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackline L. Martin ◽  
Franklin W. Mosha ◽  
Eliud Lukole ◽  
Mark Rowland ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
Hole Index ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The spread of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors threatens the effectiveness of standard long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). Synergist nets combine pyrethroid (Py) and piperonyl-butoxide (PBO) to enhance potency against resistance mediated by mono-oxygenase mechanisms. Our project assessed personal protection of the World Health Organization first-in-class PBO-Py LLIN (Olyset Plus) versus the standard LLIN (Olyset net) against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and An. funestus in North-West Tanzania after 20 months of household use. Methods From a household survey, 39 standard Olyset net and 39 Olyset Plus houses were selected. The physical integrity and hole index (HI) of the nets were assessed, and resting mosquitoes were collected from inside nets and from room walls. The indoor abundance was estimated using CDC light traps and species identified using PCR. The bioefficacy of PBO and standard LLINs against wild Anopheles was assessed using 30-minute cylinder bioassays. Results Of 2397 Anopheles collected, 8.9% (n = 213) were resting inside standard Olyset nets, while none were found inside Olyset Plus nets (PBO-Py LLINs) of any HI category. Resting density of blood-fed mosquitoes was higher on walls of sleeping rooms with Olyset nets compared to Olyset Plus (0.62 vs 0.10, density ratio [DR]: 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.13, p < 0.001). Mosquitoes were found inside Olyset nets of all WHO HI categories, but more were collected inside the more damaged nets (HI ≥ 643) than in less damaged (HI 0–64) nets (DR: 6.4, 95% CI 1.1–36.0, p = 0.037). In bioassay, mortality of An. gambiae s.l. was higher with Olyset Plus than with Olyset nets for new nets (76.8% vs 27.5%) and nets used for 20 months (56.8% vs 12.8%); similar trends were observed with An. funestus. Conclusion The PBO-Py LLINs provided improved protection after 20 months of household use, as demonstrated by the higher bioassay mortality and absence of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and An. funestus collected from inside Olyset Plus nets, irrespective of HI category, as compared to Olyset nets.

PENGARUH AKSES DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU HAMIL DALAM MELAKUKAN KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU TAHUN 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Oktafiana Manurung ◽  
Ermawaty Arisandi Siallagan
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesian women have According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Indonesian women have very bad criteria in terms of health, marriage, employment, education, equality with men. This condition is thought to lead to low maternal access to antenatal care. Goals : Antenatal care in accordance with antenatal care standards may decrease Maternal and Infant Mortality due to regular antenatal care can detect early problems that occur in the mother during pregnancy.Methods : The type of this research is analytical descriptive with cross sectional design which aims to analyze the influence of access and motivation of pregnant mother to mother behavior in doing antenatal visit. The research was conducted in Pancur Batu Puskesmas Working Area. The population is 181 people and the sample size is 61 people. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test.Result : The result of this research indicate that physical accessibility variable is the availability of unrelated officer (p = 0,461) to mother behavior in antenatal visit, social accessibility variable (p = 0,005) and attitude (p = 0,023), and for motivation variable is motive P = 0.005) and expectations (p = 0.019) had a significant effect on maternal behavior in antenatal visits.Conclution : Based on the results of research suggested Head of Pancur Batu Puskesmas to conduct training to officers especially midwives who provide services mainly about hospitality in providing services and to officers implementing services further improve the communication of information and education so that every pregnant women have a good understanding that can eventually cause attitude Positive, high motivation and expectation that can affect the mother in conducting standardized antenatal visits.

scholarly journals Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas in a public hospital in São Paulo State, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicto Oscar Colli ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Carlotti Junior ◽  
João Alberto Assirati Junior ◽  
Vicente de Paulo Martins Coelho Junior ◽  
Luciano Neder
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Performance Scale

Atypical/anaplastic (World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III) are less common and have poorer outcomes than benign meningiomas. This study aimed to analyze the outcome of patients with these tumors.Method Overall/recurrence-free survivals (RFS) and the Karnofsky Performance Scale of 52 patients with grades II (42) and III (9) meningiomas surgically treated were analyzed (uni/multivariate analysis).Results Total/subtotal resections were 60.8%/35.3%. Patients <60 years-old and grade II tumors had longer survival. Grade II tumors, total resection andde novo meningioma had better RFS (univariate analysis). Patients >60 years-old, de novo meningioma and radiotherapy had longer survival and patients <60 years-old and with grade II tumors had longer RFS (multivariate analysis). Recurrence rate was 51% (39.2% Grade II and 66.7% Grade III). Operative mortality was 1.9%.Conclusion Age <60 years-old, grade II tumors and de novomeningiomas were the main predictors for better prognosis among patients with grades II and III meningiomas.

scholarly journals Survey of hearing disorders in an urban population in Rondonia, Northern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecilia Bevilacqua ◽  
Marcos Roberto Banhara ◽  
Ariadnes Nobrega de Oliveira ◽  
Adriane Lima Mortari Moret ◽  
Katia de Freitas Alvarenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classified in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.

scholarly journals Analysis of Physiochemical Parameters to Evaluate the Drinking Water Quality in the State of Perak, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rahmanian ◽  
Siti Hajar Bt Ali ◽  
M. Homayoonfard ◽  
N. J. Ali ◽  
M. Rehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The drinking water quality was investigated in suspected parts of Perak state, Malaysia, to ensure the continuous supply of clean and safe drinking water for the public health protection. In this regard, a detailed physical and chemical analysis of drinking water samples was carried out in different residential and commercial areas of the state. A number of parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Hg, and Sn were analysed for each water sample collected during winter and summer periods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and local standards such as National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). The values of each parameter were found to be within the safe limits set by the WHO and NDWQS. Overall, the water from all the locations was found to be safe as drinking water. However, it is also important to investigate other potential water contaminations such as chemicals and microbial and radiological materials for a longer period of time, including human body fluids, in order to assess the overall water quality of Perak state.

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