scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis (Cistaceae) saves the taxon from introgression by Cistus albidus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Werner ◽  
María José Vicente ◽  
Mayra Aguado ◽  
Jesús Robles ◽  
Rosa María Ros
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Ex Situ Collection ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis is a critically endangered plant taxon from E Spain. Only two populations, one in La Pobla de Vallbona, Valencian Community (consisting of only one plant) and the other in Llano de Beal, Cartagena municipality, Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, are presently known. The low number of individuals and introgression by the closely related C. albidus are the major threats to the conservation of Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis. In the years 2007, 2008, 2011, and 2013 seeds were collected from the Murcia population within the efforts to protect this taxon. In this work, we compare the natural population of Murcia with the ex situ plants originated from the recollected seeds, the only known sample from Valencia, and a specimen of North Africa of C. heterophyllus using genotyping by sequencing. The natural population of Murcia shows clear signals of introgression by C. albidus while the ex situ plants are much less affected, suggesting that the major part of the introgression of the natural populations took place after the specimens for the ex situ collection were taken. The Murcian samples seem not to be very close to the Valencian plant, but the systematic relationships among the studied populations remain unclear. The ex situ conservation efforts are a key to the conservation of this taxon.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman Obat Spesifik Kalimantan Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amik Krismawati ◽  
M. Sabran
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Acid Sulphate ◽  
Medicinal Crops ◽  
Continental Area ◽  
Ex Situ Collection

<p>Central Kalimantan Province covers an area of 15,38 million ha which consist of 61,140 ha coastal region, 1,53 million ha open waters, and 13,79 million ha as inland area. The continental area consisted of various type of lands e.g. acid sulphate, peats soil, and up land. In order to explore and conserve potential medicinal plants indigenous to Central Kalimantan, these exploration and characterization activities were conducted. Method of study: (1) exploration, (2) ex situ conservation, (3) characterization, and (4) documentation. The result of these activities are ex situ collection of 15 acessions of medicinal crops. This exploration obtained 15 accessions of medicinal plants which were characterized and conserved in ex situ condition.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kalimantan Tengah memiliki luas wilayah 15,38 juta ha yang terdiri dari 61,1 ribu ha daerah pantai, 1,53 juta ha daerah perairan umum, dan 17,79 juta ha daratan. Wilayah daratan yang luas ini terdiri atas berbagai tipologi lahan seperti lahan sulfat masam, gambut, dan lahan kering. Untuk menggali potensi dan melestarikan plasma nutfah tanaman obat spesifik Kalimantan Tengah telah dilaksanakan kegiatan eksplorasi dan karakterisasi. Dari kegiatan ini dapat disusun deskripsi berbagai jenis tanaman tersebut untuk inventarisasi, karakterisasi, dan koleksi tanaman obat secara ex situ dalam bentuk kebun pembibitan. Metode kegiatan meliputi (1) eksplorasi, (2) konservasi ex situ, (3) karakterisasi, dan (4) dokumentasi. Hasil kegiatan adalah koleksi secara ex situ tanaman obat sebanyak 15 aksesi.</p>

scholarly journals Biodiverse neighborhoods: an ex-situ conservation tool

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho ◽  
Fernanda Moura Fonseca Lucas ◽  
Débora de Melo Almeida ◽  
Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Dayane de Melo Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
H Index ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Urban forests are responsible for a lot of benefits, and can be used as a tool to ex-situ conservation of native species. Our study investigated a public urban forest aiming to provide subside to management projects in order to allow the accurate fulfillment of social, aesthetic and ecological functions displayed by trees. Our survey was conducted in 6 public squares and 5 gardens in the Jardins neighborhood. We classified the trees according to their phytogeographic origins and seed dispersal habit. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) index, Simpson’s dominance (D’) and Pielou’s equability (J) were determined. A total of 507 individuals were sampled, located in 12 botanical families and 29 species, and 13 of them were classified as native and 16 as exotic. The family with higher species richness and number of species was Fabaceae (36%). Regarding the seed dispersal syndrome, the most representative was zoochory (52%). The ecological index showed medium species diversity (H’=2.2284), high dominance (D’=0.7899) and medium number of individuals (J) 0.6552. Although the Jardins neighborhood was planned, the urban forest in this area still needs improvement; such as incentive measures that can promote biodiversity and the application of ex-situ conservation.

scholarly journals MODULATION OF CULTURE MEDIUM ON THE EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Neoregelia mucugensis Leme (BROMELIACEAE)1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-771
Author(s):  
ANDRESSA PRISCILA PIANCÓ SANTOS LIMA ◽  
FERNANDA DE JESUS OLIVEIRA BASTOS ◽  
ALONE LIMABRITO ◽  
GILÊNIO BORGES FERNANDES ◽  
JOSÉ RANIERE FERREIRA DE SANTANA
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plant Collections

ABSTRACT Bromeliads are the target of predatory extractivism and consequently many species are included in the red list of threatened species, such as those belonging to the genus Neoregelia. Although Neoregelia mucugensis has not been evaluated for the degree of threat, its exploitation is exclusively extractive and its occurrence in Chapada Diamantina-BA is subject to the action of fires that affect the region annually. In this context, applying techniques aimed at protecting this genetic resource is fundamental for both the maintenance of its natural populations and the ex situ conservation of this genetic material. Plant tissue culture techniques have been successfully applied for the conservation of several bromeliad species. One of the methods used is slow growth, which consists in reducing plant metabolism and consequently decelerating its growth, which allows the maintenance of in vitro plant collections without the need for subculture. In this context, the objective of this study was to test the reduction of salts in the culture medium and the addition of osmoregulators on the induction of slow growth of N. mucugensis. Plants were subjected to treatments composed of different concentrations of MS medium and mannitol for a period of 12 months, when then analyses were conducted to evaluate growth, chlorophyll content and regeneration capacity of shoots in vitro. It was found that the treatment containing MS ½ and 7.8 g.L-1 of mannitol is indicated for in vitro conservation of N. mucugensis with maintenance of the regenerative capacity of its tissues.

scholarly journals Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
KAROLINE APARECIDA FELIX RIBEIRO ◽  
CRISTIAN MADEIRA DE MEDEIROS ◽  
JOSÉ ÁNGEL SÁNCHEZ-AGUDO ◽  
JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. Ribeiro KAF, Madeira de Medeiros C, Agudo JAS, Sánchez JS. 2019. Seed germination of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero: An endemic Spanish endangered species. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Strategies to halt the decline of biodiversity include: in-situ and ex-situ conservation, the latter already considered at the global level essential in conservation programs. The results of the germinative responses of Carex lainzii Luceño, E. Rico & T. Romero (Cyperaceae), an endemic Spanish endangered species, are presented in this work, to different trials carried out in the laboratory with seeds harvested in the two known populations of that community. Treatments with and without 0.2% potassium nitrate (KNO3) were tested for four, six and eight months in cold stratification at 5 °C in two germination chambers at different temperatures (22/10 °C and 27/15 °C with a photoperiod of 12/12 hours). The results indicate that there is a large difference in germination rates between the two populations. The use of KNO3 did not increase germination rates in any case, but differences were found between periods of cold stratification, with six months being the most effective. On the other hand, the germination rates of both populations remain low (17.58% and 2%) compared to the obtained rate of seed viability. With this first approach to the understanding of the germination requirements of C. lainzii, it becomes clear that new essays are needed to obtain better results, in order to effectively implement the protection plans of C. lainzii populations.

scholarly journals Diversity and spatial genetic structure of a natural population of Theobroma speciosum (Malvaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana De Freitas Encinas Dardengo ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi ◽  
Bruna Mezzalira da Silva ◽  
Ivone Vieira da Silva ◽  
Carolina Joana da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Near Neighbor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Seed Collection

The quantification of genetic diversity and intrapopulation spatial genetic structure (SGS) of tree species are important aspects for in and ex situ conservation practices. In this study we seek to understand the importance of conservation areas by quantifying the genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of a natural population of Theobroma speciosum. Within this population, 49 adults and 51 subadults were genotyped for five microsatellite loci. The results showed that adults and subadults have similar levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding (adults: A= 10.4, Ae = 10.3, F= 0.68, subadults: A= 10.6, Ae= 10.6, F= 0.57). Genetic diversity was spatially structured within the population, and the results suggest that near-neighbor trees up to a distance of 70 m are likely related. SGS is likely the result of short-distance seed dispersal, the short-distance range of pollinators, and infrequent breaches of the self-incompatible mating system. Considering the high demographic density of the species and size of the study area, as well as the high average number of alleles per locus and the presence of rare alleles, we believe that the study population is an excellent resource for in situ genetic conservation of T. speciosum. The study area is also a useful resource for collecting germplasm for ex situ conservation and seed collection, either for breeding programs used in the restoration of degraded areas or forest improvement. 

scholarly journals Preliminary taxonomic survey of aquatic plants of Feni district, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zashim Uddin ◽  
Joton Chandra Pal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Oenanthe Javanica ◽  
Ecological Habitats ◽  
Good Number

Preliminary taxonomic survey of aquatic plants of Feni district was conducted between July 2016 and June 2017. Traditional taxonomic techniques and random meander methods were applied to record and collect aquatic plant species. A total of 56 aquatic plant species under 29 families were recorded from Feni district. Ecological habitats of aquatic plant species showed variations. Among them, 30% species prefer to grow near the edge of water, 20% as rooted submerged, 18% as rooted emergent, 16% as free floating, 12% as rooted floating and 4% surface creeper in the aquatic habitat. The uses of aquatic plants were showed that 27% species were used as fodder, 14% as medicinal, 11% as vegetable, 11% as edible fruits, 5% as duck weeds, 2% as artifacts and 30% as others purposes in the study area. Abundance of aquatic plant species in the habitat was showed variations. Among them 9% was found very abundant, 30% found common and 61% found rare in the study area. Based on the field observations and discussion with local people we were able to identify a good number of threats to aquatic plants and also pointed out some conservation measures for them. It was seemed that the species Achyranthes aquatica (thuash), Oenanthe javanica (painnaadani), and Chumannianthus dichotomus (patipata) were found to be limited in distribution outside Feni. These rare species need to be given priority for in situ and ex situ conservation. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 103-111, 2020 (June)

scholarly journals Seedling Selection Using Molecular Approach for Ex Situ Conservation of Critically Endangered Tree Species (Vatica bantamensis (Hassk.) Benth. & Hook. ex Miq.) in Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194008291984950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayan Wahyu C. Kusuma ◽  
Siti R. Ariati ◽  
Rosniati A. Risna ◽  
Chika Mitsuyuki ◽  
Yoshihisa Suyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Ex Situ Collection

Ex situ conservation is an important complementary strategy for in situ to conserve endangered plant species. However, the limited areas designated for ex situ conservation such as in botanic gardens have become a great challenge for conservation practitioners and scientists attempting to optimally conserve the genetic diversity of targeted plant species. Our study aimed to assess genetic diversity and structure of wild seedlings of Vatica bantamensis, an endemic and critically endangered dipterocarp from Java (Indonesia). We also estimated genetic differentiation between the wild seedlings and existing ex situ collection and evaluated the genetic diversity preserved in the ex situ collection. Our analysis, using 730 single-nucleotide polymorphisms loci, showed that wild seedlings exhibited higher genetic diversity than the ex situ collection (nucleotide diversity, µ = 0.26 and 0.16, respectively). Significant genetic differentiation was also detected ( FST = 0.32) between wild seedlings and ex situ collection. Furthermore, we found high kinship within the ex situ collection suggesting low genetic diversity since the founding collection. We also detected three distinct genetic clusters from all samples combined (analysis of molecular variance, ϕ = 0.48, p < .001), with two clusters present in the wild seedlings that were not represented in the ex situ collection. We recommend that supplementary collections from the two newly identified genetic clusters in the wild seedlings should be incorporated to increase genetic diversity in the ex situ collection. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that understanding the population genetics of targeted endangered species provides better results for ex situ conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Investigation of vegetative properties and generative production of the potential ornamental and narrow endemic species Verbascum yurtkuranianum (Scrophulariaceae) for ex situ conservation

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7530-7549
Author(s):  
Kamil Erken
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Verbascum yurtkuranianum is a narrow endemic species occurring in a single location, the northern Bursa province (Turkey). It is an endangered and potentially ornamental plant. No conducted study on its life and biology, production, and aesthetic features is available. This study aimed to reveal its vegetative properties, seed characteristics, methods and requirements for seed germination, germination speed, and potential ornamental value so it can be conserved ex situ and produced. Verbascum yurtkuranianum has potential value as an ornamental plant regarding its aesthetic features as a flower. This study revealed that the total number of individuals in the species is 788. Without any treatment, 70.7% germination rate is achieved if the seeds are stored at 4 °C. The optimum germination temperature was from 15 to 20 °C (77.3% and 78.7%, respectively), and the photoperiod regulation for seed germination was 12/12 or 8/16 (light/dark) hours (74.7% and 76.0%, respectively). The most effective treatment to promote germination rate was found by implementation of 60 min ultrasonic waves (94.3%) or application of 120 min vacuum (95.3%). Germination occurred between 8 and 10 days. A parcel of ex situ conservation was constituted with the seedlings obtained from the germination studies.

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation in botanical gardens – challenges and scientific potential preserving plant biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12334
Author(s):  
Zsófia KOVÁCS ◽  
Anna Mária CSERGŐ ◽  
Péter CSONTOS ◽  
Mária HÖHN
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Living Plant

In the Anthropocene, the world’s plant diversity is threatened with extinction and the erosion of the genetic diversity of natural populations. According to the State of the World’s Plants and Fungi 2020 of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, two out of five of the ~350,000 known vascular plant species are at risk of extinction. Despite the considerable toolkit of biodiversity conservation practices, usually it is hard to choose the best option to stop biodiversity loss. Ex situ conservation has seen massive development due to radical losses of natural ecosystems, and its incrementing necessity has been underscored by Target 8 of the 2011-2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. As we crossed the finish line of this strategy in 2020, a review of the accumulated knowledge on the ex situ living collections has become particularly important. Despite the increasing attention received by ex situ conservation, studies on the sustainability, quality, and usability of the plant material prior to establishing the garden collections are few, leaving major gaps unfilled in terms of best ex situ conservation practices. Here we present an overview of the results and experiences in ex situ conservation focusing on living plant collections, with the aim of guiding conservation practitioners towards the most efficient working methods. We evaluate the future needs and perspectives of this conservation technique, based on case studies on both woody and herb species. Possible conservation applications and priorities suggested for future works are summarized.

scholarly journals A contribution to ex-situ conservation of Mediterranean thymes: Germination trials

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
José Blanco Salas ◽  
Trinidad Ruiz Téllez ◽  
Francisco María Vázquez Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Thymus Zygis ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Interpopulational Differences ◽  
Península Ibérica

ABSTRACT. A contribution to ex-situ conservation of Mediterranean thymes: Germination trials. The germination process was studied of the seeds of seven endemic or threatened Mediterranean thymes collected from natural populations of the SW Iberian Peninsula. Four replicates of 50 seeds of each population were induced to germinate by alternating temperatures (6 hours at 20°C, 18 hours at 30°C; 40-60% humidity). The accumulated percentage germination curves, the germinability (percentages), and the germination rate (in terms of the vigour index, Iv) were determined. The results were as follows: Thymus caespititius, germinabilities null or low and germination rates slow (0%-11%; Iv = 0-1.26); Thymus mastichina, germinabilities moderate or high and germination rates fast or very fast (59%-92%; Iv = 12.84-35.67); Thymus praecox subsp. penyalarensis, germinabilities high and germination rates fast (79%; Iv = 19.53); Th. pulegioides, germinabilities low or moderate and germination rates slow or medium (2%-41%; Iv = 0.33-7.58); Thymus villosus subsp. lusitanicus, germinabilities moderate and germination rates medium (35%; Iv = 9.00); Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris, germinabilities low, moderate, or high and germination rates slow, medium, or fast (2%-68%; Iv = 0.52-19.36); and Thymbra capitata, germinabilities high and germination rates fast (92%; Iv = 19.07). There were both interspecific and interpopulational differences in germinative capacity. Cooling the seeds for 7 days at 10-12°C prior to sowing produced no significant alterations in the results. A relationship was observed between seed weight and germination percentage.Key words. Germination, Iberian Peninsula, seed, Thymus, vigour.RESUMEN. Contribución a la conservación ex-situ de los tomillos mediterráneos: ensayos de germinación. Se estudiaron los procesos de germinación de las semillas de siete tomillos endémicos o amenazados de la Región Mediterránea, recolectados en poblaciones silvestres del SO de la Península Ibérica. Se indujeron a germinar 4 réplicas de 50 semillas de cada población con alternancia de temperaturas (6 horas a 20oC, 18 horas a 30oC; humedad del 40-60%). Se determinaron curvas de porcentajes acumulados de germinación, germinabilidad (en porcentaje) y la velocidad de germinación (mediante el índice de vigor, Iv). Para Thymus caespititius las germinabilidades fueron nulas o bajas y la velocidad de germinación fue lenta (0%-11%; Iv = 0-1.26); Thymus mastichina, germinabilidades moderadas o altas y velocidades de germinación rápidas o muy rápidas (59%-92%; Iv = 12.84-35.67); Thymus praecox subsp. penyalarensis, germinabilidades altas y velocidades rápidas (79%; Iv = 19.53); Th. pulegioides, germinabilidades bajas o moderadas y velocidades lentas o medias (2%-41%; Iv = 0.33-7.58); Thymus villosus subsp. lusitanicus, germinabilidades moderadas y velocidades medias (35%; Iv = 9.00); Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris, germinabilidades lentas, moderadas o altas y40J. Blanco Salas et al.velocidades lentas, medianas o rápidas(2%-68%; Iv = 0.52-19.36); y Thymbra capitata, germinabilidades altas y velocidades rápidas (92%; Iv = 19.07). Se observaron diferencias interespecíficas e interpoblacionales en la capacidad germinativa. Un pretratamiento térmico (7 días a 10-12°C) no produjo alteración significativa en los resultados. También se observó relación entre el peso de las semillas y el porcentaje de germinación.Palabras clave. Germinación, Península Ibérica, semilla, Thymus, vigor.

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