scholarly journals Effect of baclofen on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgard Ferro Collares ◽  
Adriana Mendes Vinagre
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Sterile Saline

CONTEXT: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter. There is evidence that GABA B receptors located in the dorsal complex and in afferent fibers of the vagus nerve participate in the control of gastrointestinal motility. OBJECTIVE: To assess the intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and intravenously (IV) effect of baclofen, a GABA B receptor agonist, on liquid and solid gastric emptying in rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n = 6-8 animals) were used. Gastric emptying of liquid test meals labeled with phenol red was evaluated by the determination of percent gastric retention (%GR) 10 and 15 min after orogastric administration of saline and 10% glucose meals, respectively. Baclofen was injected ICV (1 and 2 µg/animal) through a tube implanted into the lateral ventricle of the brain and was injected IV (1 and 2 mg/kg) into a tail vein. The gastric emptying of liquid was determined 10 or 30 min after ICV and IV baclofen administration, respectively. The gastric emptying of the solid meal was assessed by the determination of percent gastric retention 2 h after the beginning of the ingestion of the habitual ratio by the animal, consumed over a period of 30 min. Baclofen was administered ICV (1 and 2 µg/animal) or IV (1 and 2 mg/kg) immediately after the end of the ingestion of the solid meal. The control groups received vehicle (sterile saline solution) ICV or IV. RESULTS: The group of animals receiving baclofen ICV (2 mg/animal) presented a significantly lower (P<0.05, Tukey test) %GR (mean ± SEM) of the saline (18.1 ± 2.5%) compared to control (33.2 ± 2.2%). In the group receiving the drug IV, the gastric retention of the same test meal did not differ from control. ICV and IV administration of baclofen had no effect on the gastric emptying of the 10% glucose solution compared to control. ICV administration of 1 or 2 mg baclofen/animal significantly increased the gastric retention of the solid test meal (57.9 ± 6.5% and 66.6 ± 6.3%, respectively) compared to control (35.1 ± 4.4%). The same phenomenon was observed only with the IV dose of 2 mg/kg (71.9 ± 2.6%) compared to control (52.7 ± 2.8%). CONCLUSION: Baclofen administered: 1. ICV (2 µg/animal), but not IV, increased gastric emptying of a non-caloric isotonic liquid test meal (saline); 2. when administered ICV or IV, it had no effect of gastric emptying of a 10% glucose solution; 3) when administered ICV (1 and 2 mg/animal) and IV (2 mg/kg) it delayed the gastric emptying of the solid meal.

scholarly journals Sodium bicarbonate treatment prevents gastric emptying delay caused by acute exercise in awake rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés T. B. Silva ◽  
Raimundo C. Palheta-Junior ◽  
Daniel F. Sousa ◽  
Patrícia A. Fonseca-Magalhães ◽  
Willy Okoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels ◽  
Awake Rats

Physical exercise, mainly after vigorous activity, may induce gastrointestinal dysmotility whose mechanisms are still unknown. We hypothesized that physical exercise and ensuing lactate-related acidemia alter gastrointestinal motor behavior. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of short-term exercise on gastric emptying rate in awake rats subjected to 15-min swimming sessions against a load equivalent to 5% of their body weight. After 0, 10, or 20 min of exercise testing, the rats were gavage fed with 1.5 ml of a liquid test meal (0.5 mg/ml of phenol red in 5% glucose solution) and euthanized 10 min postprandially to measure fractional gastric dye recovery. In addition to inducing acidemia and increasing blood lactate levels, acute exercise increased ( P < 0.05) gastric retention. Such a phenomenon presented a positive correlation ( P < 0.001) between blood lactate levels and fractional gastric dye recovery. Gastric retention and other acidbase-related changes were all prevented by NaHCO3 pretreatment. Additionally, exercise enhanced ( P < 0.05) the marker's progression through the small intestine. In anesthetized rats, exercise increased ( P < 0.05) gastric volume, measured by a balloon catheter in a barostat system. Compared with sedentary control rats, acute exercise also inhibited ( P < 0.05) the contractility of gastric fundus strips in vitro. In conclusion, acute exercise delayed the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal by interfering with the acid-base balance.

The Significance of Gastric Emptying Time Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Ivan Blumenthal
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Gastric Emptying Time ◽  
Stomach Emptying ◽  
Emptying Time

I am surprised that your reviewers recommended publication of the paper on gastric retention in neonates.1 The rate of stomach emptying varies with the volume of its contents.2 In one study involving infants, a 10-ml increase in volume produced an average increase in the rate of emptying of 0.32 ml/min in the first 10 minutes when a 5% glucose solution was used.3 The study by Gupta and Brans1 varied volume with weight, gestation, and postnatal age. It should, therefore, be obvious that it is impossible to draw meaningful conclusions from this study. The claim that there is a "striking similarity" between their study and that of Yu4 is not true.

scholarly journals Herbal Remedies and Their Possible Effect on the GABAergic System and Sleep

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Oliviero Bruni ◽  
Luigi Ferini-Strambi ◽  
Elena Giacomoni ◽  
Paolo Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
The Brain

Sleep is an essential component of physical and emotional well-being, and lack, or disruption, of sleep due to insomnia is a highly prevalent problem. The interest in complementary and alternative medicines for treating or preventing insomnia has increased recently. Centuries-old herbal treatments, popular for their safety and effectiveness, include valerian, passionflower, lemon balm, lavender, and Californian poppy. These herbal medicines have been shown to reduce sleep latency and increase subjective and objective measures of sleep quality. Research into their molecular components revealed that their sedative and sleep-promoting properties rely on interactions with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a major role in controlling different vigilance states. GABA receptors are the targets of many pharmacological treatments for insomnia, such as benzodiazepines. Here, we perform a systematic analysis of studies assessing the mechanisms of action of various herbal medicines on different subtypes of GABA receptors in the context of sleep control. Currently available evidence suggests that herbal extracts may exert some of their hypnotic and anxiolytic activity through interacting with GABA receptors and modulating GABAergic signaling in the brain, but their mechanism of action in the treatment of insomnia is not completely understood.

Gastric emptying of glucose solution and associated plasma concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, and PYY before and after fundoplication

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Miholic ◽  
M. Hoffmann ◽  
J.J. Holst ◽  
J. Lenglinger ◽  
M. Mittlböck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Before And After

13C-octanoic acid breath test (OBT) with a new test meal (EXPIROGer®): Toward standardization for testing gastric emptying of solids

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Massimo Bellini ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
Andrea Parodi ◽  
Patrizia Bonazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Octanoic Acid

scholarly journals The role of γ-aminobutyric acid in aluminum stress tolerance in a woody plant, Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengkai Wang ◽  
Yini Dong ◽  
Liming Zhu ◽  
Zhaodong Hao ◽  
LingFeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination ◽  
Liriodendron Chinense

AbstractThe aluminum (Al) cation Al3+ in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development. Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al3+ toxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress. The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron (L. chinense × tulipifera) is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber; studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential. Here, we performed quantitative iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress. Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis, sugar and proline metabolism, antioxidant activity, cell autophagy, protein ubiquitination degradation, and anion transport in response to Al damage. We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and its activity, leading to increased GABA biosynthesis. Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS, enhanced proline biosynthesis, and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2, which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al3+. We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al3+ tolerance in Arabidopsis. Thus, our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.

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