PREVALENCE OF INFECTION WITH CAGA-POSITIVE HELICOBACTER PYLORI STRAINS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Context Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has a worldwide distribution, but the prevalence of infection, virulence factors, and clinical presentation vary widely according to the studied population. In Brazil, a continental country composed of several ethnicities and cultural habits, the behavior of infection also appears to vary, as many other studies have shown. Objectives Describe the prevalence of infection with cagA-positive H. pylori strains in a group of children and adolescents who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Methods Fifty-four gastric biopsy specimens of children and adolescents with H. pylori infection demonstrated by histology, urease test and molecular analysis were tested for the presence of cagA positive H. pylori strains by the polymerase chain reaction method. Results he prevalence of cagA-positive H. pylori was 29.6% (95% confidence interval, 18 to 43.6%). There were no statistically significant differences in clinical or demographic characteristics or in the endoscopic and histological features of patients infected with cagA-positive strains as compared with those infected by cagA-negative strains. Conclusions he study showed a low prevalence of infection with cagA-positive H. pylori strains among children and adolescents who underwent EGD in southern Brazil, in comparison to studies conducted with children from other regions of Brazil. There was no association between the presence of cagA-positive strains and more severe clinical presentations in the studied sample.

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Efficacy of immunohistochemical staining in detecting Helicobacter pylori in Saudi patients with minimal and atypical infection

European Journal of Histochemistry ◽

10.4081/ejh.2021.3222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Akeel ◽

Ahmed Elhafey ◽

Atef Shehata ◽

Erwa Elmakki ◽

Thanaa Aboshouk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Chronic Gastritis ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Giemsa Staining ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Urease Test ◽

Gastric Biopsies ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

H Pylori

Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection is diagnosed based on histopathological evaluation of gastric mucosal biopsies, urease test, urea breath test, H. pylori culturing, or direct detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in detecting H. pylori in gastric biopsies from patients with chronic gastritis and minimal or atypical infection. Gastric biopsies from 50 patients with chronic gastritis were subjected to routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), modified Giemsa, and IHC staining. The results of staining were compared with those of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR analysis identified 32 (64%) H. pylori-positive cases, whereas IHC, H&E, and modified Giemsa staining identified 29 (58%), 27 (54%), and 21 (42%) positive cases. The sensitivity of IHC staining (87.50%) was higher than that of H&E (59.38%) and modified Giemsa (43.75%) staining. The specificity of H&E, modified Giemsa, and IHC staining was 55.56%, 61.11%, and 94.44%, respectively. IHC staining exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy (90%), followed by H&E (58%) and modified Giemsa (50%) staining. Active gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and lymphoid follicles were detected in 32 (64%), 4 (8%), and 22 (44%) cases, respectively, and all of these cases were H. pylori positive. In contrast to routine H&E and modified Giemsa staining, IHC allows for the accurate H. pylori detection in cases with minimal or atypical infection. Moreover, IHC can be an alternative diagnostic method to qRT-PCR for detection of H. pylori in such cases.

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Relationship between caga-positive Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of gastric cancer: a case control study in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032011000100009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 41-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gilmara Coelho Meine ◽

Cláudia Rota ◽

Judite Dietz ◽

Setsuo Sekine ◽

João Carlos Prolla

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Urease Test ◽

The Status ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

H Pylori ◽

Different Strains ◽

Control Study

CONTEXT: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Although Helicobacter pylori has been classified as a class I carcinogen, the presence of infection is not a factor that alone is able to lead to gastric cancer, and one of the possible explanations for this is the existence of different strains of H. pylori with different degrees of virulence. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between cagA-positive H. pylori and gastric cancer, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of this bacterial strain. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with gastric cancer were matched by sex and age (± 5 years) with 58 patients without gastric cancer, submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. All patients were evaluated for the status of infection by H. pylori (through urease test, histological analysis and PCR for the genes ureA and 16SrRNA) and by cagA-positive strain (through PCR for cagA gene). RESULTS: Evaluating the presence of infection by cagA-positive H. pylori, it was verified that the rate of infection was significantly higher in the group with gastric cancer when compared with the matched controls, occurring in 62.1% and 29.3%, respectively (OR = 3.95; CI 95% 1.543-10.096). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between cagA-positive H. pylori strain and risk of gastric cancer.

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Barrett's Esophagus in an Area with an Exceptionally Low Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection

ISRN Gastroenterology ◽

10.5402/2011/394734 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yeong Yeh Lee ◽

Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif ◽

Syed Hassan Syed Abd Aziz ◽

S. Mahendra Raj

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Barrett’S Esophagus ◽

Reflux Esophagitis ◽

Barrett's Esophagus ◽

Urease Test ◽

Columnar Lined Esophagus ◽

H Pylori ◽

A Minor ◽

Low Prevalence ◽

Endoscopic Esophagitis

Objective. This study was undertaken to gain an insight into the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, Barrett's esophagus and reflux esophagitis in an area of exceptionally low prevalence of H. pylori infection. Methods. A total of 1895 consecutive upper endoscopies performed between January 2005 and July 2007 were reviewed. 120 cases of columnar-lined esophagus and endoscopic esophagitis were evaluated. H. pylori infection was determined using the urease test and/or histology. Results. The rate of endoscopic esophagitis was 5.49% (80 Malays, 24 non-Malays) while histological reflux esophagitis was found in 3.75% (56 Malays, 15 non-Malays). Barrett's esophagus was present in 0.79% (11 Malays, 4 non-Malays). H. pylori infection was present in 8/120 or 6.67% subjects. Conclusion. The low rate of Barrett's esophagus in this population does not support the hypothesis that the absence of H. pylori infection is more than a minor risk factor for Barrett's esophagus.

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Frequency of rdx A Deletion Mutation Conferring Metronidazole Resistance in Helicobacter pylori

10.51429/ejmm29308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Hanaa M. El Maghraby ◽

Samar Mohaseb

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Deletion Mutation ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Metronidazole Resistance ◽

Urease Test ◽

Gastric Biopsies ◽

H Pylori

Background: Metronidazole is one of the antimicrobial drugs that can be used in combination with other drugs for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).Unfortunately, metronidazole resistance in H. plori is an increasing health problem which may be attributed to inactivation of many genes as rdx A gene. Objective: To determine the frequency of rdx A deletion mutation in H. pylori detected in infected patients attending at the Gastroenterology Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals. Methodology: Two gastric biopsies were taken from each enrolled patient by endoscopy. H.pylori detection was done by rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA gene. Deletion mutation in rdx A gene was detected by conventional PCR. Results: Out of 134 doubled gastric biopsies obtained from 134 patients, 52.2% were positive for H. pylori. Epigastric pain, vomiting and gastritis were significantly associated with detection of H. pylori infection (p˂ 0.05). Deletion mutation of rdx A gene was detected in 28.6% of H. pylori positive specimens obtained from infected patients. Conclusion: Deletion mutation of rdx A gene is a frequent determinant of rdx A inactivation conferring metronidazole resistance among H. pylori.

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Incidence of Gastric Metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Duodenal Bulb – With Specific Reference to Patients With Duodenal Ulcers

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy ◽

10.1155/dte.6.17 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Minoru Kawaguchi ◽

Toshihiko Saito

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Duodenal Bulb ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Transitional Zone ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Duodenal Ulcers ◽

Gastric Metaplasia ◽

Urease Test ◽

H Pylori

We determined the incidence of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb of duodenal ulcer patients and the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection rate at sites with gastric metaplasia. Biopsy of the duodenal bulb showed the presence of gastric metaplasia in 61 of 86 patients (71%) overall and in 18 of 47 patients (38.3%) who had gastrectomy at an early gastric cancer. The histological diagnosis of H. pylori infection showed good agreement (83.3%) with the result of the rapid urease test, indicating that H. pylori occurs in regions with gastric metaplasia. This finding suggests that H. pylori infects gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb, causing mucosal injury, which is then transformed into duodenal ulcers. The exact mechanism by which gastric metaplasia is caused is unknown, but it is believed to occur in the transitional zone in the duodenal mucosa.

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Can probiotics improve efficiency and safety profile of triple Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? A prospective randomized study

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp150415127g ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 1044-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sasa Grgov ◽

Tomislav Tasic ◽

Biljana Radovanovic-Dinic ◽

Daniela Benedeto-Stojanov

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Eradication Therapy ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Group I ◽

Urease Test ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

The Difference ◽

H Pylori

Background/Aim. Some studies suggest the benefit of applying different probiotic strains in combination with antibiotics in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-administration of multiple probiotic strains with triple H. pylori eradication therapy. Methods. This prospective study included 167 patients with dyspeptic symptoms and chronic gastritis who were diagnosed with H. pylori infection and randomized into two groups. The group I of 77 patients underwent triple eradication therapy, for 7 days, with lansoprazole, 2 ? 30 mg half an hour before the meal, amoxicillin 2 ? 1.000 mg per 12 hours and clarithromycin 2 ? 500 mg per 12 hours. After the 7th day of the therapy, lansoprazole continued at a dose of 30 mg for half an hour before breakfast for 4 weeks. The group II of 90 patients received the same treatment as the patients of the group I, with the addition of the probiotic cultures in the form of a capsule comprising Lactobacillus Rosell-52, Lactobacillus Rosell-11, Bifidobacterium Rosell-1755 and Saccharomyces boulardii, since the beginning of eradication for 4 weeks. Eradication of H. pylori infection control was performed 8 weeks after the therapy by rapid urease test and histopathologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies or by stool antigen test for H. pylori. Results. Eradication of H. pylori infection was achieved in 93.3% of the patients who received probiotics with eradication therapy and in 81.8% of patients who were only on eradication therapy without probiotics. The difference in eradication success was statistically significant, (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects of eradication therapy was higher in the group of patients who were not on probiotic (28.6%) than in the group that received probiotic (17.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Multiple probiotic strains addition to triple eradication therapy of H. pylori achieves a significantly better eradication success, with fewer side effects of antibiotics.

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Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in the European part of the Russian Federation: first results

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2020.08.000761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

I. V. Maev ◽

D. N. Andreev ◽

V. M. Govorun ◽

E. N. Ilina ◽

Yu. A. Kucheryavyy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Russian Federation ◽

European Part ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Urease Test ◽

First Results ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

H Pylori

Aim. Determine the primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains isolated from patients living in the European part of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. As part of a clinical laboratory study, from 2015 to 2018, 27 gastrobiopsy samples obtained from H. pylori-infected patients were analyzed. H. pylori infection was verified using a rapid urease test or a 13C-urea breath test. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the diffusion method using E-test strips (BioMerieux, France) according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. The sensitivity of the isolates was determined for 6 antibacterial drugs (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, rifampicin). Results. According to the data obtained, resistance to amoxicillin was 0%, clarithromycin 11.1%, metronidazole 59.3%, levofloxacin 3.7%, tetracycline 0%, and rifampicin 14.8%. Dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole was recorded in two isolates (7.4%). Conclusion. Thus, the first results of the evaluation of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in the European part of the Russian Federation indicate a low resistance of the microorganism to clarithromycin and quite high to metronidazole.

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Association between gallbladder diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection

AL-Kindy College Medical Journal ◽

10.47723/kcmj.v16i2.263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Ali Hamid Abd-Almahdi ◽

Zuhair B. Kamal

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Weight Status ◽

Gallbladder Disease ◽

Case Series ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Gallbladder Diseases ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Urease Test ◽

H Pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylorus is one of the most harmful human pathogens & carcinogen. Of the world's population, more than 50% has H. pylori in their upper gastrointestinal tracts. It has been linked to a variety of extra gastric disorders. In correlation to hepatobiliary diseases; recently, the bacterium has been implicated as a risk factor for various diseases ranging from chronic cholecystitis and primary biliary sclerosing cholangitis to gall bladder cancer and primary hepatic carcinomas. However, the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gallbladder diseases is still vague and is controversial. Aim of study: To elucidate the association of H pylori and gallbladder diseases (calculus, acalculous, polyp), the feasibility of using rapid urease test in post-operative diagnosis, and many factors related bacterium. Subjects & methods: This case series study was conducted in Al-Kindy Teaching hospital - surgical unit during a period extended for 2 years from September 2016 to September 2018, where patients suffered from signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire including age, gender, occupation, residency and whether the drinking water was safe (purified) or not. Physical examination was done including weight status, BMI was calculated (BMI=wt. (kg)/ height (M) [2]. Provisional diagnosis of gallbladder disease was confirmed by examination, necessary laboratory investigations (Hematology, Biochemistry, and radiology). Cholecystectomy was done by using Laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open surgery. The presence of H.pylori in the mucosa of excised gallbladder was studied by using: 1) Rapid urease kit (HNAN C., LTD) 2) Histopathology & chemical analysis of associated gallstone Results: Seventy-eight patients undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder disease, the gallbladder mucosa of 30 patients were tested positive for H. pylori with any one of the tests used in this study. The rapid urease test was sensitive 57.1% and specific 58.3 % of the cholecystectomies performed in our study. The mean age of studied patients was (34 ± 4 years). Females constitute 73.1% (57 out of the total 78 of patients). Of the studied cases; 26 patients (33.3%) were obese. Employee patients constitute 43 (55.1%) of patients, and 53 patients (67.9%) lived in urban areas. Purified water consumed by 61 (78.2%) of the studied population. Gallstones were detected in 56 (71.8%) of studied cases, acalculus chronically inflamed gallbladder was found in 20 (25.64%), and 2 cases (2.56%). were found to have gallbladder polyp. pylori infection was diagnosed in 30 (38.5%) of total cases (of the 56 calculus confirmed cases 48.2% were H.pylori positive, and of the 22 acalculus cases 13.6% H.pylori positive). Conclusion: Significant association is found between chronic calculus cholecystitis and H.pylori infection. While no significant association was found in correlation with acalculus cholecystitis and other gallbladder pathology. In regard to feasibility of using urease kit test, it is found that this test is sensitive 57.1%, and specific 58.3%, as such it is less accurate than histopathology study. Significant correlation was found between age, gender, weight status, and non-purified water source with H.pylori infection..

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Antibiotic Resistance and Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori Strains in Patients with Gastroduodenal Disease in Southeast Poland

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8071071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Izabela Korona-Glowniak ◽

Halina Cichoz-Lach ◽

Radoslaw Siwiec ◽

Sylwia Andrzejczuk ◽

Andrzej Glowniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Test Method ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Microbial Culture ◽

Virulence Markers ◽

Gastroduodenal Disease ◽

Urease Test ◽

Gastric Biopsies ◽

H Pylori

The aim of this study was to investigate genetic diversity of Helicobacter pylori virulence markers to predict clinical outcome as well as to determine an antibiotic susceptibility of H. pylori strains in Poland. Gastric biopsies from 132 patients with gastrointestinal disorders were tested for presence of H. pylori with the use of rapid urease test, microbial culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. The genetic diversity of 62 H. pylori positive samples was evaluated by detection of cagA and PCR-typing of vacA and iceA virulence-associated genes. Most common H. pylori genotypes were cagA(+)vacAs1m2 (27.4%) and cagA(−)vacAs2m2 (24.2%). In logistic regression analysis, we recognized the subsequent significant associations: gastritis with ureC, i.e., H. pylori infection (p = 0.006), BMI index (p = 0.032); and negatively with iceA1 (p = 0.049) and peptic ulcer with cagA (p = 0.018). Thirty-five H. pylori strains were cultured and tested by E-test method showing that 49% of strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. This is the first study that reports the high incidence and diversity of allelic combination of virulence genes in gastroduodenitis patients in Poland. Genotyping of H. pylori strains confirmed the involvement of cagA gene and vacAs1m1 genotype in development and severity of gastric disorder.

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Good diagnostic accuracy of a chemiluminescent immunoassay in stool samples for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-2015-000004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 388-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

María José Ramírez-Lázaro ◽

Josep Lite ◽

Sergio Lario ◽

Pepa Pérez-Jové ◽

Antònia Montserrat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Diagnostic Reliability ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Urease Test ◽

Stool Samples ◽

H Pylori ◽

Good Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Laboratory-based chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) are widely used in clinical laboratories. Some years ago, a CLIA test was developed for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool samples, known as LIAISON H. pylori SA, but little information on its use has been reported. To evaluate the accuracy of the LIAISON H. pylori SA assay for diagnosing H. pylori infection prior to eradication treatment. Diagnostic reliability was evaluated in 252 untreated consecutive patients with dyspepsia. The gold standard for diagnosing H. pylori infection was defined as the concordance of the rapid urease test (RUT), histopathology and urea breath test (UBT). The CLIA assay was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and 95% CIs were calculated. According to the gold standard selected, 121 patients were positive for H. pylori infection and 131 negative. LIAISON H. pylori SA had a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 92.4%, with positive and negative predictive values of 91.6% and 90.1%, respectively. The accuracy of the LIAISON H. pylori SA chemiluminescent diagnostic assay seems comparable to that of ELISA or the best-performing LFIAs. Its sensitivity and specificity, however, seem slightly lower than those of histology, RUT or UBT. The advantages of the assay are that it is cheap, automated, and minimally labor-intensive.

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